哈勃空间望远镜运行控制及规划模式研究综述

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0840

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

哈勃空间望远镜(Hubble Space Telescope,HST)作为首个大型且复杂的在轨空间天文观测站,其成功运行离不开NASA的主导及多个控制中心与机构的协同努力。深入探讨了哈勃任务的多机构协同管理模式,详细分析了运控中心飞行操作人员的构成及其执行的典型操控活动。同时,针对HST的数据上下行处理及转发测控模式进行了分析,并研究了其地面软件系统的架构及其自任务实施以来的升级改造情况。全面分析了哈勃开展天文观测任务的全规划流程及周期规划模式。基于哈勃任务的成功实施经验,为我国未来开展空间望远镜任务提供了具体且有益的启示。

关键词: 哈勃空间望远镜, 运控中心, 飞行操作, 天文观测

Abstract:

As the first large and complex on-orbit space astronomical observatory,the successful operation of Hubble Space Telescope(HST) is attributed to the leadership of NASA and the collaborative efforts of multiple control centers and agencies.This study delves into the multi-agency collaborative management mode of the Hubble mission,and analyzes the composition of flight operations personnel at the mission control center and their typical operational activities in detail.Additionally,the data uplink/downlink processing and transmission control mode of HST are examined,and the architecture of ground software system for HST and the upgrades and modifications since the mission’s inception are investigated.A comprehensive analysis is also conducted on the full planning process and periodic planning mode for Hubble’s astronomical observation missions.Based on the successful implementation experience of the Hubble mission,the specific and beneficial insights are proposed for China’s future space telescope mission.

Key words: Hubble space telescope, mission control center, flight operation, astronomical observation

张爱成, 邹雪梅, 陈翔, 朱常明. 哈勃空间望远镜运行控制及规划模式研究综述[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S2): 36-46.

ZHANG Aicheng, ZOU Xuemei, CHEN Xiang, ZHU Changming. Overview on Operation Control and Planning Modeof Hubble Space Telescope[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S2): 36-46.

图/表 6

参考文献 45

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序号	改造项目	作用	备注
1	自动报告系统	自动生成天文台控制器日志条目、异常信息、命令执行数据、导星采集成功指标和有关受影响科学观测的信息。	新研
2	轨道监视系统	自动监视收集轨道和测距相关数据信息。	新研
3	自动指挥系统	无人值守期间执行指挥控制,包括预定义模板控制指令、遥测接收,测控资源按计划跟踪以及计划外的状态建立。	新研
4	TDRS计划自动更新系统	自动监测TRDS计划的更改并触发自主飞行计划生成,FOT人员可远程执行TDRS的计划更新。	新研
5	告警系统	对空间或地面部分组件的异常信息进行报警并以短消息服务(SMS)和电子邮件发送给用户或用户组	新研
6	健康和安全监测系统	修改3900多个参数监视状态,增加关键监控系统对哈勃遥测参数进行自动评估,并对关联参数间的复杂逻辑进行判断监控	升级
7	地面系统健康和安全监测	监视地面系统组件异常情况并向值班人员报告	升级
8	缓冲有效载荷存储命令负载	对载荷存储指令自动缓存到总线计算机,适当时候传输到载荷计算机,有效载荷存储指令加载窗口从约3.5h增加到约24h。	新研
9	导星捕获监视	自动监视引导星捕获状态,并在故障时自动向值班人员发出告警信息。	新研
10	固存监视器	跟踪SSR的当前状态,并根据当前SSR数据量、当前TDRS时间表和科学观测时间表,动态预测最近接收的一组存储命令负载结束时的潜在数据丢失。	新研
11	态势感知系统	提供一种远程评估航天器和地面系统基本状态的快速手段,并跟踪异常响应信息。	新研
12	科学数据包处理器	对科学数据的接收处理进行自动化监控,满足<1%科学数据丢失阈值的操作规则。	新研

序号	改造项目	作用	备注
1	自动报告系统	自动生成天文台控制器日志条目、异常信息、命令执行数据、导星采集成功指标和有关受影响科学观测的信息。	新研
2	轨道监视系统	自动监视收集轨道和测距相关数据信息。	新研
3	自动指挥系统	无人值守期间执行指挥控制,包括预定义模板控制指令、遥测接收,测控资源按计划跟踪以及计划外的状态建立。	新研
4	TDRS计划自动更新系统	自动监测TRDS计划的更改并触发自主飞行计划生成,FOT人员可远程执行TDRS的计划更新。	新研
5	告警系统	对空间或地面部分组件的异常信息进行报警并以短消息服务(SMS)和电子邮件发送给用户或用户组	新研
6	健康和安全监测系统	修改3900多个参数监视状态,增加关键监控系统对哈勃遥测参数进行自动评估,并对关联参数间的复杂逻辑进行判断监控	升级
7	地面系统健康和安全监测	监视地面系统组件异常情况并向值班人员报告	升级
8	缓冲有效载荷存储命令负载	对载荷存储指令自动缓存到总线计算机,适当时候传输到载荷计算机,有效载荷存储指令加载窗口从约3.5h增加到约24h。	新研
9	导星捕获监视	自动监视引导星捕获状态,并在故障时自动向值班人员发出告警信息。	新研
10	固存监视器	跟踪SSR的当前状态,并根据当前SSR数据量、当前TDRS时间表和科学观测时间表,动态预测最近接收的一组存储命令负载结束时的潜在数据丢失。	新研
11	态势感知系统	提供一种远程评估航天器和地面系统基本状态的快速手段,并跟踪异常响应信息。	新研
12	科学数据包处理器	对科学数据的接收处理进行自动化监控,满足<1%科学数据丢失阈值的操作规则。	新研