火炮装填系统协调输弹机构磨损特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0634

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在自动装填系统中,协调输弹机构是完成弹丸转运的重要组成部分。由于协调输弹机构长期处于发射冲击的载荷作用之下,导致协调器运动副轴孔之间由于磨损作用出现间隙变化,影响协调输弹的精度,研究协调输弹机构运动磨损问题对提高机构运动可靠性具有重要意义。为了研究协调输弹机构的磨损特性,基于修正Archard磨损模型建立协调输弹机构磨损数学模型并通过实验获得磨损系数;建立协调输弹机构动态响应有限元仿真模型并通过实验数据验证其有效性;利用有限元仿真结合任意朗格朗日-欧拉(Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian,ALE)自适应网格技术实现磨损过程仿真,从而获得协调输弹机构的磨损特性,包括磨损深度与磨损循环次数的关系、最大磨损深度出现的位置等。研究结果表明:磨损开始初期磨损剧烈,在大约350次协调输弹后磨损由剧烈磨损期转而进入平稳期,磨损率下降;随着磨损的继续进行磨损率持续下降,且在整个磨损过程中轴孔接触边缘比其他位置磨损深度更大。

关键词: 自动装填系统, 协调输弹机构, Archard磨损模型, 有限元动力学建模

Abstract:

The coordinated ammunition ramming mechanism in the automatic ammunition loading system is an important part to complete the ammunition transfer. Due to the long-term impact loads during firings, the countershaft holes of the coordinated ammunition ramming mechanism experience wear-induced clearance variations, affecting the accuracy of ammunition coordination. Studying the wear of the coordinated ammunition ramming mechanism is crucial for enhancing its reliability. To investigate the wear characteristics of the coordinated ammunition ramming mechanism, a mathematical model based on the modified Archard wear model is developed, and the wear coefficient is determined through experiments. A finite element simulation model for the mechanism’s dynamic response is established and validated using experimental data. The finite element simulation and the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) adaptive grid technology are used to simulate the wear process, revealing the mechanism’s wear characteristics, such as the relationship between wear depth and cycle count, and the location of maximum wear. The results indicate that the initial wear is intense. After approximately 350 coordinated ammunition transfers, the wear transits from intense to steady, with the wear rate decreasing as the wear process continues. Wear at the contact edge of shaft hole is more pronounced than elsewhere throughout the wear process.

Key words: automatic ammunition loading system, coordinated ammunition ramming mechanism, Archard wear model, finite element dynamic modeling

中图分类号:

TJ301

田晔, 陈光宋, 刘太素. 火炮装填系统协调输弹机构磨损特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(11): 4062-4070.

TIAN Ye, CHEN Guangsong, LIU Taisu. Wear Characteristics of Coordinated Ammunition Ramming Mechanism in Automatic Ammunition Loading System for Artillery[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(11): 4062-4070.

图/表 16

图1 协调输弹机构简化模型

Fig.1 Simplified model of coordinated ammunition ramming mechanism

图2 磨损实验机与磨损试样

Fig.2 Wear testing machine and worn specimens

图3 协调输弹机构模型

Fig.3 Coordinated ammunition ramming mechanism model

表1 轴孔材料参数

Table 1 Shaft-hole material parameters

材料	密度/(kg·mm^-3)	弹性模量/MPa	泊松比
Q235B钢	7.85×10^-6	210000	0.27

图4 ALE网格重绘技术

Fig.4 ALE grid redrawing technique

图5 磨损模型及ALE网格设置

Fig.5 Wear model and ALE grid setting

图6 仿真流程图

Fig.6 Simulation flowchart

图7 协调角度位移曲线

Fig.7 Coordinated angle displacement curve

表2 部分磨损实验数据

Table 2 Partial wear experimental data

时间间隔/s	摩擦力矩/(N·m)	实验力/N	摩擦系数	温度/℃	转速/(r·min^-1)	转数	磨损深度/mm
0010	00.496	149.7	0.3091	50	60	0010	00.030
0020	00.451	150.2	0.3066	50	60	0020	00.030
︙	︙	︙	︙	︙	︙	︙	︙
7190	01.454	150.5	0.5636	50	60	7192	00.590
7200	01.533	150.4	0.5952	50	60	7200	00.600

图8 磨损曲线

Fig.8 Wear curves

图9 磨损后的圆环盘

Fig.9 Worn circular disc

图10 磨损系数曲线

Fig.10 Wear coefficient curve

图11 磨损云图

Fig.11 Wear cloud map

图12 磨损深度曲线

Fig.12 Wear depth curve

图13 磨损深度拟合曲线

Fig.13 Wear depth fitting curve

图14 磨损速率曲线

Fig.14 Wear rate curve

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