HTPB/Al/AP/RDX固体推进剂动态混合过程数值仿真

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0611

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

混合工艺作为固体推进剂制备的重要工序,一般是指将Al、AP、RDX等颗粒相加入到高分子黏合剂基体中,经机械捏合、搅拌使黏合剂浆料涂敷在固体粒子表面的过程。基于Mixture固-气-液多相流模型,进行固体颗粒相加注混合釜中的扩散伴随桨叶动态捏合过程的数值仿真研究。开展不同固含量(0%~95%)药浆的动态流变测量实验,构建了药浆流变模型;考虑颗粒浓度动态变化对局部流变特性影响,开展了不同颗粒加注流量的混合动态过程仿真。分析不同工况条件下颗粒浓度、压力场和扭矩随时间的变化规律。实验结果表明:建立的数值仿真方法与文献实验结果对比,平均误差在15%内,具有良好的一致性;混合过程中近、远桨叶叶尖处的挤压力最大,而叶中部存在低压区;混合过程中,桨叶扭矩呈锯齿状波动变化,随着颗粒相的加注,扭矩逐渐增大;固体颗粒相加注流量小幅增大时,扭矩变化较小;加注流量大幅增大时,扭矩增幅可达90%。连续加料混合过程中远心桨的扭矩值持续上升,最终平均值可达初始阶段的19倍。所得成果可为固体推进剂的混合工艺效率提升和安全性研究提供参考。

关键词: 固体推进剂药浆, 行星叶轮, 颗粒加注动态过程, Mixture多相流模型

Abstract:

The mixing process,as a crucial step in the fabrication of solid propellants,typically involves the incorporation of particulate phases such as aluminum (Al),ammonium perchlorate (AP),and RDX into a polymeric binder matrix.The binder slurry is applied onto the solid particles through mechanical kneading and stirring.The dispersion accompanied by dynamic blade kneading during the co-mingling of solid particulate phases in a mixer is simulated based on the Mixture solid-gas-liquid multiphase flow model.Dynamic rheological measurements of slurries with varying solid contents (0%-95%) are performed to construct a rheological model of propellant slurry.Considering the dynamic changes in granular concentration and their impact on local rheological properties,the mixing dynamic processes at different granular injection flow rates are simulated.The analysis focuses on the temporal patterns of granular concentration,pressure fields,and torque under various operating conditions.The results indicate that the proposed numerical simulation method is in good agreement with experimental results in Ref.[39] with an average error of less than 15%.The study reveals that the greatest pressure occurs at the tips of the near and far blades,while a low-pressure zone exists in the middle of the blades.During mixing,the blade torque exhibits a serrated fluctuation,and gradually increases with the addition of the particulate phase.A slight increase in the granular injection flow rate results in a minimal torque change.However,a significant increase in flow rate could lead to a torque increase of up to 90%.In the continuous feeding mixing process,the torque value at the farthest blade from the axis of rotation continues to rise,eventually reaching an average value 19 times that at the initial stage.This research provides insights for enhancing the efficiency and safety studies of solid propellant mixing processes.

Key words: solid propellant slurry, planetary impeller, dynamic particle injection process, mixture multiphase flow model

中图分类号:

V512

胡木林, 武毅, 王行远, 郭松林, 于俊艺. HTPB/Al/AP/RDX固体推进剂动态混合过程数值仿真[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(7): 240611-.

HU Mulin, WUYi, WANG Xingyuan, GUO Songlin, YU Junyi. Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Mixing Process of HTPB/Al/AP/RDX Solid Propellant[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(7): 240611-.

图/表 25

表1 流变实验药浆组成与含量

Table 1 Composition and content of rheological experimental propellant slurry

组别	Al粉/%	AP/%	RDX/%	HTPB/%	固含量 /%
a	0	0	0	100	0
b	18	7	0	75	25
c	18	42	0	40	60
d	18	46	31	5	95

图1 不同固含量黏度随剪切速率变化值

Fig.1 The variation in viscosity with shear rate for different solid content levels

图2 不同固含量下K、n的值

Fig.2 The values of K and n at different solid contents

图3 立式捏合机建模图

Fig.3 Modeling diagram of the vertical kneader

图4 两桨叶叶尖运动路径

Fig.4 The movement path of two paddle blade tips

表2 工况设置

Table 2 Working condition settings

序号	入口数	粉末加注速度mm/s	工序
1	15	12.5	加注+混合46.8s
2	15	15	加注+混合39s
3	15	17.5	加注+混合33.43s
4	15	20	加注+混合29.25s
5	7	32.5	加注+混合39s
6	15	15	加注+混合Al粉7.45s
			混合直至均匀
			加注+混合AP 24.89s
			混合直至均匀
			加注+混合RDX 6.66s
			混合直至均匀

表3 固体推进剂药浆组成与含量

Table 3 Composition and content of solid propellant slurry

组成	黏合剂 (液相)	AL颗粒相 (d=10μm)	AP颗粒相 (d=100μm)	RDX颗粒相 (d=100μm)
含量%	24	18	46	12

图5 网格重构过程

Fig.5 Mesh reconstruction process

图6 网格数量随时间变化图

Fig.6 The changes in grid settings over time

表4 不同网格数远心桨扭矩对时间平均值

Table 4 Time averaged values of centrifugal propeller torque with different grid numbers

组别	网格数	远心桨扭矩/(N·m)	偏差/%
网格1	2×10⁵	0.000295	-8.3
网格2	3×10⁵	0.000321	-0.3
网格3	4×10⁵	0.000324	0.6
网格4	7×10⁵	0.000322	0

图7 平板搅拌装置示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of plate stirring device

图8 非牛顿流体模型功率数与雷诺数关系

Fig.8 Relationship between power number and Reynolds number of non-Newtonian fluid model

图9 不同时刻压强、固体粉末浓度分布云图

Fig.9 Cloud map of pressure and solid powder concentration distribution at different times

图10 对照组扭矩随时间变化图

Fig.10 Change of torque over time in the control group

图11 不同加注流量20s时刻混合釜内与20mm高度横截面压强、颗粒浓度分布

Fig.11 Distribution of pressure and particle concentration in the mixing pot at 20s at different injection speeds:in the mixing pot,at the cross section with a height of 20mm

图12 不同加注流量下扭矩随时间变化

Fig.12 The change of torque with time under different injection speeds

图13 入口数7和入口数15混合釜在32s、34s、36s时刻固体粉末分布三维云图与20mm高度横截面粉末分布

Fig.13 Particle distributions in the mixing pot and at the cross section with a height of 20mm with 7 inlets and 15 inlets at 32s,34s,and 36s

图14 入口数7和入口数15混合釜在32s、34s、36s时刻压强三维云图与20mm高度横截面压强分布

Fig.14 Pressure distributions in the mixing pot and at the cross section with a height of 20mm with 7 inlets and 15 inlets at 32s,34s,and 36s

图15 不同入口位置扭矩随时间变化图

Fig.15 Torque over time at different inlet positions

图16 完整加注过程扭矩随时间变化图

Fig.16 Torque over time during the complete injection process

表5 I~VI曲线远心桨扭矩平均值

Table 5 I-VI curve average value of centrifugal propeller torque

曲线编号	扭矩平均值/(N·m)	与曲线I相比增幅/%
I	0.033299
II	0.091416	174.5
III	0.175965	428.4
IV V VI	0.506172 0.489363 0.639475	1420.1 1369.6 1820.4

图17 III阶段AP颗粒分布三维云图(上)与20mm高度处平面分布云图(下)

Fig.17 Three-dimensional cloud map of AP particle distribution in Stage III (upper) and plane distribution cloud map at a height of 20mm(below)

图18 III阶段Al颗粒分布三维云图(上)与20mm高度处平面分布云图(下)

Fig.18 Three-dimensional cloud map of Al particle distribution in Stage III (upper) and plane distribution cloud map at a height of 20mm(below)

图19 V阶段AP颗粒分布三维云图(上)与40mm高度处平面分布云图(下)

Fig.19 Three dimensional cloud map of AP particle distribution in Stage V (upper) and plane distribution cloud map at a height of 40mm(below)

图20 V阶段RDX颗粒分布三维云图(上)与40mm高度处平面分布云图(下)

Fig.20 Three-dimensional cloud map of RDX particle distribution in Stage V (upper) and plane distribution cloud map at a height of 40mm(below)

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