垂直布置支板对斜爆震发动机掺混与起爆特性的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1076

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

斜爆震发动机是一种新型的吸气式发动机,在马赫数9以上的高超声速飞行中有着极大的优势。其中内喷构型斜爆震发动机由于掺混距离短,面临燃料混合不均匀的问题,不均匀的燃料分布会影响爆震波的稳定可靠起爆。为实现燃料的高效低阻掺混,提出一种垂直布置支板结构。采用数值模拟方法研究垂直布置支板在实现斜爆震波稳定起爆方面的优越性,分析垂直支板角度对于掺混和起爆的影响。研究结果表明:增大垂直支板角度降低了掺混段出口氢气质量分数,引起氢气分布结构的弯曲;起爆区域倾斜且起爆距离略微增大后逐渐减小。由此可知,增大垂直支板角度强化氢气掺混的同时减小了起爆距离,从而实现了斜爆震波的稳定可靠起爆。

关键词: 斜爆震发动机, 垂直支板, 掺混段, 起爆段, 支板角度

Abstract:

The oblique-detonation engine is a new type of air-breathing engine that has great advantages in hypersonic flight above Mach 9. The oblique detonation engine with inner-jet configuration faces the problem of inhomogeneous fuel mixing due to the short mixing distance, and the inhomogeneous fuel distribution affects the stable and reliable detonation of detonation wave. A vertically-arranged strut is proposed for the efficient and low-resistance mixing of fuel. The superiority of vertically-arranged strut in achieving the stable detonation of oblique detonation waves is studied through numerical simulation, and the influence of the injection angle of vertically-arranged strut on the fuel mixing and detonation is analyzed. The results show that the hydrogen mass fraction at the outlet of the mixing section reduces with the increase in the injection angle of vertically-arranged strut, leading to the bending of hydrogen distribution structure. At the same time, the detonation area is tilted, and the detonation distance increases slightly and then gradually decreases. It can be seen that the increase in the injection angle of vertically-arranged strut strengthens the hydrogen doping and reduces the detonation distance, thus achieving stable and reliable detonation of oblique detonation waves.

Key words: oblique detonation engine, vertically-arranged strut, mixing section, initiation section, strut angle

中图分类号:

V231.22

刘忆东, 秦琼瑶, 李建中, 袁铭泽, 李珑罡, 李夏飞. 垂直布置支板对斜爆震发动机掺混与起爆特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(12): 4462-4474.

LIU Yidong, QIN Qiongyao, LI Jianzhong, YUAN Mingze, LI Longgang, LI Xiafei. Effect of Vertically-arranged Strut on the Mixing and Initiation Characteristics of Oblique Detonation Engine[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(12): 4462-4474.

图/表 19

图1 两种不同支板布置结构下的内喷构型斜爆震发动机示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagrams of oblique detonation engines with two different injection configurations

图2 模拟区域:掺混段(区域1)和起爆段(区域2)示意图

Fig.2 Simulation area: the mixing section (Region 1) and the detonation section (Region 2)

图3 水平和垂直布置支板结构下的掺混段模型

Fig.3 Mixing section models of horizontally-and verticaly-arrangedl strut injections

表1 掺混段边界参数

Table 1 Boundary conditions of mixing section

位置	马赫数	温度	压力	氧气质量分数	氮气质量分数	水质量分数	氢气质量分数
燃烧室进口	4.2	857.7	61004	0.232	0.736	0.032	0
燃料喷注器	1.01	300	225000	0	0	0	1

图4 起爆段物理模型和网格模型

Fig.4 3D model and grid model of detonation section

图5 不同网格精度下起爆段压力等值线图

Fig.5 Pressure contours of detonation section with different grid accuracies

图6 不同网格精度下壁附近温度和OH密度变化

Fig.6 Variation curves of temperature and OH density near the wall under different grid accuracies

图7 二维理想斜爆震波示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of two-dimensional ideal oblique detonation wave

图8 水平和垂直布置支板下起爆段出口温度分布云图

Fig.8 Temperature contours at the exit section of the detonation section under horizontally-and vertical-arranged strut injections

表2 不同垂直支板角度工况

Table 2 Mixing conditions at the different angles vertical-arranged strut

工况	垂直支板角度/(°)	工况	垂直支板角度/(°)
1	4	3	8
2	6	4	10

图9 不同垂直支板角度下的氢气分布云图与流场结构

Fig.9 Hydrogen contours and flow field structures under different arranging angles of vertically-arranged strut

图10 不同垂直支板角度掺混段出口氢气质量分数云图

Fig.10 Hydrogen mass fraction at the outlet of mixing sectionunder different arranging angles of vertically-arranged strut

图11 不同支板角度情况下掺混段各位置处压力和温度变化

Fig.11 Variation curves of pressures and temperatures at each positions of the mixing section with different vertically-arranged strut injection angles

表3 不同垂直支板角度下起爆段出口压力和温度分布云图

Table 3 Detonation section exit pressure and temperature contours under different angles of vertically-arranged strut injection

表4 起爆距离最短截面相对应的z轴位置

Table 4 z-axis position corresponding to the shortest cross-section of detonation distance

支板角度/(°)	4	6	8	10
z/m	0.012	0.012	0.011	0.0105

表5 起爆距离最短位置截面压力和温度云图

Table 5 Pressure and temperature profiles of the cross-section of detonation section at the shortest detonation distance

图12 不同角度垂直支板情况下起爆段温度等值线图

Fig.12 Temperature contour map of detonation section under different angles of vertically-arranged strut

图13 不同垂直支板角度下爆燃波前锋温度对应的温度等值面图

Fig.13 Emperature contour surface map of detonation wave front under different angles of vertically-arranged strut

图14 不同垂直支板角度下起爆温度等值线对比和起爆距离变化

Fig.14 The detonation temperature contour corresponding to detonation wave front and the variation curve of detonation distance under different angles of vertically-arranged strut

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