无人机蜂群关键技术发展综述

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0514

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现代战争模式催生了无人机蜂群新型作战样式。系统分析了无人机蜂群利用功能简单的个体,应用自然界蜂群组织算法模型形成高级群体智能行为的概念,介绍无人蜂群的分类和特点,凝练总结无人机蜂群协同组网、协同感知、协同决策、协同控制等关键领域技术及发展现状,针对复杂对抗环境下的实际需求提出集光电探测、通信组网、协同控制、任务规划等多学科于一体的无人机蜂群技术发展的重点和难点,给出无人机蜂群技术发展的途径和举措建议,期望达到牵引无人机蜂群技术发展方向、推动无人机蜂群从技术走向实用的目的。

关键词: 无人机蜂群, 涌现效应, 关键技术, 发展建议

Abstract:

Modern warfare modes have given birth to the drone swarms as a new type of operational pattern. The concept of forming the advanced group intelligent behavior obtained by using drones with simple functions, which applies the natural bee swarm organization algorithm,is systematically analyzed. The classification and characteristics of drone swarm are introduced. The key technologies and development status of collaborative networking, sensing, decision-making and control are summarized. Focusing on the practical requirements under complex countermeasure environments, the key points and difficulties in the development of unmanned drone swarm technology which integrates electro-optic detection, communication networking, collaborative control and task planning into one are presented. The development approaches and measures of the drone swarm technologies are also put forward, hoping to achieve the goal of leading the development direction of unmanned drone swarm technology and promoting the corresponding technologies to practical applications.

Key words: drone swarm, emergence effect, key technology, development suggestion

中图分类号:

TJ765

李军, 陈士超. 无人机蜂群关键技术发展综述[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(9): 2533-2545.

LI Jun, CHEN Shichao. Overview of Key Technology and Its Development of Drone Swarm[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(9): 2533-2545.

图/表 8

图1 典型生物集群

Fig.1 Typical biological clusters

图2 国外典型集群作战系统

Fig.2 Typical foreign cluster combat systems

图3 多型不同质量无人机

Fig.3 Multiple UAVs with different qualities

图4 典型无人机蜂群的分类方式

Fig.4 Typical classification of drone swarms

图5 无人机蜂群的典型工作样式

Fig.5 Typical working modes of drone swarms

图6 “弹簧刀”-300和“弹簧刀”-600自杀式无人机

Fig.6 Switchblade-300 and -600 suicide drones

图7 无人机蜂群的典型工作样式

Fig.7 Typical working modes of drone swarms

图8 无人机蜂群技术体系框架

Fig.8 Framework of drone swarm technology system

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