水下圆柱壳声辐射激发水表面声波研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0191

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究水下声源声辐射激发的水表面声波,对在空气中进行跨介质水下声源探测具有重要意义。为研究水下声源声辐射激发的水表面声波特性,基于水下声传播理论推导水下稳态点源球面声波激励水表面声波的理论解,依据有限元方法,以脉动球点源为例进行数值分析验证,设计相应实验验证水平衰减规律及声源深度影响。基于声-结构耦合有限元方法研究声源深度等声源参数及环境参数对水下圆柱壳声辐射激发水表面声波的影响。研究结果表明:所提激励下的圆柱壳声源在半自由场环境中激发的海水表面波振幅在某些振型对应固有频率下的振幅远大于其他频率;海底和粗糙海面对水表面波振幅有影响;在所提载荷激励下,有限水深中水下圆柱壳声辐射激励的水表面波振幅在3倍圆柱壳半径以内及20倍半径之外潜深范围内与潜深呈正比,其他范围随潜深呈反比。

关键词: 水下圆柱壳, 声辐射, 水表面声波, 声-结构耦合, 粗糙海面

Abstract:

The study of water surface acoustic waves excited by the acoustic radiation from underwater acoustic source is of great significance for cross-media underwater sound source detection in the air. In order to study the characteristics of water surface acoustic waves excited by the acoustic radiation from underwater acoustic source, the theoretical solution of water surface acoustic wave excited by the spherical acoustic wave radiation from underwater steady point source is derived based on underwater sound propagation theory, the pulsating spherical point source is used as an numerical analysis example to verify the model according to the finite element method, and the corresponding measurement experiments are designed and conducted to verify the horizontal attenuation law and the influence of sound source depth. Based on the acoustic-structure coupling finite element method, the influences of sound source parameters, such as sound source depth, and environmental parameters on the water surface acoustic wave induced by the acoustic radiation from underwater cylindrical shell are studied. The research results indicate that the amplitude of seawater surface wave excited by the cylindrical shell sound source in a semi-free field environment is much greater than that of other frequencies under certain vibration modes corresponding to the natural frequencies. The seabed and rough sea surface have an impact on the amplitude of water surface waves. Under the excitation of load, the amplitude of water surface waves excited by the sound radiation from underwater cylindrical shell in finite water depth is positively proportional to the depth of submergence within 3 times the radius of the cylindrical shell and beyond 20 times the radius, while other ranges are inversely proportional to the depth of submergence.

Key words: underwater cylindrical shell, acoustic radiation, water surface acoustic wave, acoustic-structure coupling, rough sea surface

中图分类号:

TB561

张圣海, 徐剑秋, 黎胜. 水下圆柱壳声辐射激发水表面声波研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(7): 2329-2340.

ZHANG Shenghai, XU Jianqiu, LI Sheng. Study of Water Surface Acoustic Waves Excited by Acoustic Radiation from Underwater Cylindrical Shells[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(7): 2329-2340.

图/表 22

图1 平面波斜入射

Fig.1 Oblique incidence of plane waves

图2 界面质点振幅与入射角、频率的关系

Fig.2 The relationship between the amplitude of interface particle and the angle of incidence and frequency

图3 海洋波导中的虚源法

Fig.3 Virtual source method in ocean waveguides

表1 脉动球点源有限元模型仿真参数

Table 1 Simulation parameters of finite element model of pulsating ball point source

参数	取值
声源频率f₀/Hz	10~2000
脉动球半径R_s/m	0.01
脉动球深度z_s/m	1~500
脉动球法向振速v_s/(m·s^-1)	0.01
计算区域半径R_f	max(2λ,3m)
海水声速c_w/(m·s^-1)	1460
海水密度ρ_w/(kg·m^-3)	1025
海水深度H/m	20~70

图4 水下声场(f0=2000Hz)

Fig.4 Underwater acoustic field(f0=2000Hz)

图5 水面质点垂向位移

Fig.5 Vertical displacement of water surface particle

图6 水面质点垂向位移幅值与频率及声源深度关系

Fig.6 Change in vertical displacement amplitude of water surface particle with frequency and depth of source

图7 考虑海底存在时水面质点垂向位移幅值与频率、声源深度及海水深度关系

Fig.7 Change in vertical displacement amplitude of water surface particlewith frequency, depths of source and seawater when considering the existence of seabed

图8 水面质点垂向位移幅值与频率、声源深度关系

Fig.8 Change in vertical displacement amplitude of water surface particle with frequency and depth of source

图9 随机粗糙海面(300m×300m)

Fig.9 Random rough sea surface (300m×300m)

图10 水下圆柱壳示意图

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of underwater cylindrical shell

表2 水下圆柱壳声-结构耦合有限元模型仿真参数

Table 2 Simulation parameters of acoustic-structure coupling finite element model of underwater cylindrical shell

圆柱壳及流体参数	取值
计算频率f₀/Hz	60~260
圆柱壳半径R_c/m	0.18
圆柱壳长度H_c/m	1.284
载荷激励F/N	10
圆柱壳密度ρ_c/(kg·m^-3)	7850
圆柱壳厚度d_c/mm	3
圆柱壳潜深z₀	1~30R_c
杨氏模量E/Pa	2.06×10¹¹
泊松比μ	0.3
计算区域半径R_f	max (2λ,3m)
流体声速c_w/(m·s^-1)	1460
流体密度ρ_w/(kg·m^-3)	1025
海水深度H/m	10~40

表3 水下圆柱壳固有频率

Table 3 Natural frequencies of underwater cylindrical shell

数据来源及相对误差	固有频率/Hz
数据来源及相对误差	1-2	1-3	1-4	2-3	2-4
本文	97.79	109.57	203.61	216.16	243.24
文献[23]	98.5	110.7	206.3	219.0	247.0
相对误差/%	-0.72	-1.02	-1.30	-1.30	-1.52

图11 激励点声压级

Fig.11 Sound pressure level of excitation point

图12 水面质点垂向位移幅值与频率关系

Fig.12 Vertical displacement amplitude of water surface particle vs frequency

图13 峰值频率对应下水面质点垂向位移

Fig.13 Vertical displacement amplitude of water surface in the peak frequency

图14 水面质点垂向位移幅值与潜深关系

Fig.14 Vertical displacement amplitude of water surface particle vs. depth ofsubmergence

图15 水面质点垂向位移幅值与频率、声源深度及海水深度关系

Fig.15 Vertical displacement amplitude of water surface particle vs. frequency, and depths of cylindrical shell and seawater

图16 水面质点垂向位移幅值与频率、声源深度关系

Fig.16 Vertical displacement amplitude of water surface particle vs. frequency and depth of cylindrical shell

图17 实验布置示意图

Fig.17 Schematic diagram of experimental layout

图18 水面质点振速幅值(实验1 vs 实验2)

Fig.18 Amplitude of particle vibration velocity on water surface (Experiments 1 and 2)

图19 水面质点振速幅值(实验1 vs实验3)

Fig.19 Amplitude of particle vibration velocity on water surface (Experiments 1 and 3)

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