齿形线圈励磁的新型电涡流缓速器电磁特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0709

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对重载车辆用快响应、易控电涡流缓速器功率密度低的问题,提出一种利用轴向凸起的齿形线圈构建三维磁路,并通过过励磁设计抑制去磁效应的新型电涡流缓速器。应用有限元技术,建立新型高能电缓与传统端面磁路、轴面磁路电缓稳态、似稳态电磁场计算模型,分析新型电缓的磁路、气隙磁密、电涡流分布和过励磁制动特性。结果表明,新型电缓电涡流分布在转子内表面整个轴向空间内,当转速小于3500r/min时,其制动扭矩明显高于另两种传统电缓,且过励磁设计能够有效提升新型电缓的制动性能,线圈电流密度提高至3倍时,制动扭矩增加0.65倍,能够为车辆紧急制动提供瞬时大扭矩,使车辆制动距离缩短30%。

关键词: 辅助制动, 电涡流缓速器, 磁路, 过励磁

Abstract:

To improve the power density of fast-response and easily controlled eddy current brakes for heavy-duty vehicles, the method of constructing a three-dimensional magnetic circuit by using axially convex toothed coils and overexcitation design technology are proposed. Based on the finite element method, the steady-state and quasi-steady-state electromagnetic field calculation models of the novel high-energy eddy current brake and two traditional eddy current brakes are established, and their magnetic circuit, air gap magnetic density, eddy current distribution and overexcitation braking characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the eddy current of the novel high-energy eddy current brake is distributed in the whole axial space on the inner surface of the rotor. When the speed is less than 3500r/min, its braking torque is significantly higher than the other two traditional eddy current brakes. And the overexcitation design can effectively improve the braking performance. Since the coil current density is increased to 3 times, the braking torque is increased by 0.65 times, which can provide instantaneous high torque for vehicle emergency braking and shorten the braking distance of the vehicle by 30%.

Key words: auxiliary brake, eddy current brake, magnetic circuit, overexcitation

中图分类号:

U463.53

田金山, 宁克焱, 庞惠仁, 兰海, 帅志斌, 毛宁, 盖江涛, 周广明. 齿形线圈励磁的新型电涡流缓速器电磁特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(1): 290-297.

TIAN Jinshan, NING Keyan, PANG Huiren, LAN Hai, SHUAI Zhibin, MAO Ning, GAI Jiangtao, ZHOU Guangming. Study on Electromagnetic Characteristics of a Novel Eddy Current Brake Excited by Toothed Coils[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(1): 290-297.

图/表 15

图1 3种电磁缓速制动元件结构及磁路图

Fig.1 Structure and magnetic circuit diagram of eddy current brakes

图2 有限元计算域与网格模型

Fig.2 Computational domain and mesh based on finite element technology

图3 车辆直线制动计算流程图

Fig.3 Calculation flow chart of vehicle braking

图4 磁感应强度矢量图

Fig.4 Vector diagram of magnetic induction intensity

图5 气隙磁密云图

Fig.5 Contour of air gap magnetic density

图6 新型电缓电涡流矢量图

Fig.6 Eddy current vector diagram

图7 3种磁路电缓制动外特性

Fig.7 External braking characteristics of the three eddy current brakes

图8 3种磁路电缓过励磁制动特性

Fig.8 Braking characteristics with overexcitation

图9 三维磁路电缓气隙磁密

Fig.9 Air gap magnetic density of the 3-D magnetic circuit

图10 轴面磁路电缓气隙磁密

Fig.10 Air gap magnetic density of the axial magnetic circuit

表1 标称直径2.5mm以上漆包线最小击穿电压

Table 1 Minimum breakdown voltage of enameled wire with nominal diameter exceeding 2.5mmV

等级	室温	高温
1级和1B级	1300	1000
2级和2B级	2500	1900
3级	3800	2900

表2 漆包线耐热等级

Table 2 Heat resistance grade of enameled wire

等级	Y	A	E	B	F	H	C
最高许可温度/℃	90	105	120	130	155	180	>180

表3 线圈过励磁工作时长

Table 3 Working hours of coils under overexcitation condition

电流密度倍数	制动扭矩/(N·m)	工作时长/s
1	2873	475.7
2	4099	118.9
3	4742	52.9
11.25	7420	3.8

图11 车辆制动特性

Fig.11 Vehicle braking characteristics

表4 车辆制动结果统计

Table 4 Statistical results of vehicle braking

电流密度倍数	1	3	11.25
制动时间/s	14	10	7.1
制动距离/m	132	93	65

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