基于多项式流形内插的无线测向系统

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0320

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对应用阵列天线的测向设备中存在的阵元互耦导致波达方向(DOA)估计性能恶化问题,提出基于多项式流形内插算法的抗互耦无线测向系统设计。该系统基于多项式流形内插DOA估计算法,在有效对抗互耦效应的同时可实现小流形样本下高精度测向处理。算法的DOA估计求解中可由多精度区间逐次逼近搜索的处理方法获得解析式,避免方向角度域的遍历搜索处理。在算法理论分析与仿真验证的基础上,基于嵌入式处理器实现无线测向系统原型设计并进行测试。测试结果表明,所提系统设计可有效对抗测向阵列天线的互耦效应,实现对LTE下行信号的实时可靠测向。

关键词: 测向, 阵列天线, 互耦, 多项式流形内插

Abstract:

An anti-mutual coupling radio direction finding system based on the polynomial manifold interpolation algorithm is proposed, which aims to solve the deterioration of DOA estimation performance caused by mutual coupling. Based on the polynomial manifold interpolation DOA estimation algorithm, the system can effectively resist the mutual coupling effect and realize high-precision DF processing under small manifold samples. In the DOA estimation solution of the algorithm, the analytical formula can be obtained by the processing method of multiple precision interval successive approximation search, which avoids exhaustive search in the direction angle domain. On the basis of algorithm theory analysis and simulation, the prototype of the radio direction finding system based on the embedded processor is designed and tested. The test results show that the proposed system can effectively perform DOA estimation in mutual coupling and realize the real-time and reliable direction finding of LTE downlink signals.

Key words: direction finding, array antenna, mutual coupling, polynomial manifold interpolation

中图分类号:

TN822.3

李司, 刘寅生, 李旭, 杨明强. 基于多项式流形内插的无线测向系统[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(8): 2486-2494.

LI Si, LIU Yinsheng, LI Xu, YANG Mingqiang. Radio Direction Finding System Based on Polynomial Manifold Interpolation[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(8): 2486-2494.

图/表 10

图1 天线阵列与信号示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of antenna array and signal

图2 基于线性内插的DOA估计算法

Fig.2 DOA estimation algorithm based on linear interpolation

图3 同频多信号空间谱

Fig.3 Spatial spectrum of multiple signals with the same frequency

图4 不同内插阶数下DOA估计性能

Fig.4 DOA estimation performance with different interpolation orders

图5 线性内插与多项式流形内插的DOA估计性能比较

Fig.5 Performance comparison between linear interpolation and polynomialmanifold interpolation algorithm

图6 无线测向原型系统

Fig.6 DF prototype system

图7 软件设计功能框图

Fig.7 Functional block diagram of software design

图8 基于多项式流形内插DOA估计算法

Fig.8 DOA estimation algorithm base on polynomial manifold interpolation

表1 PL资源占用

Table 1 PL resource utilization

资源类别	消耗量/个	消耗占比/%
查找表	19880	37.37
查找表存储器	3143	18.06
触发器	29619	27.84
块随机存取存储器	88	62.86
数字信号处理资源	156	70.91
时钟缓冲器	10	31.25
混合模式时钟管理器	2	50.00

表2 测向结果均方根误差

Table 2 Root mean square error of direction finding results

来波角度/ (°)	载波频率/MHz
来波角度/ (°)	2330.0	2349.8	2585.0
3	0.23	0.24	0.23
15	0.33	0.32	0.33
23	0.71	0.69	0.75
-4	0.28	0.26	0.29
-16	0.49	0.46	0.50
-24	0.85	0.85	0.86

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