静电电磁脉冲诱发航天器绝缘材料闪络特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0396

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究静电电磁脉冲诱发不同绝缘材料闪络特性，利用静电电磁脉冲诱发闪络实验系统，根据二次电子发射雪崩理论和场叠加原理，结合实验研究了静电电磁脉冲场辐照条件下，有机玻璃、聚四氟乙烯、环氧树脂3种航天器常用绝缘材料表贴指型金属电极的闪络规律。研究结果表明：静电放电(ESD)模拟器对垂直金属耦合板接触式放电产生静电电磁脉冲辐射场，与电极两端直流电场叠加构成合成场诱发闪络，当合成场在两个电极间产生的感应电压小于绝缘材料闪络电压时不会产生诱发闪络，当接近材料闪络电压时，诱发闪络存在概率问题，提升ESD输出电压使合成场产生的感应电压越大，诱发绝缘材料闪络概率增大；3种绝缘材料介电强度越强，在同等强度的静电电磁脉冲条件下，诱发闪络的概率越小，诱发闪络时电极间形成贯穿放电通道所需时间会增加，时延变长，诱发闪络电流随之增大。

关键词: 航天器, 绝缘材料, 诱发沿面闪络, 指型金属电极, 静电电磁脉冲场

Abstract: To explore flashover characteristics of different insulation materials induced by electromagnetic pulse (EMP) produced during electrostatic discharge (ESD), the ESD EMP-induced flashover test system was employed. According to the theory of secondary electron emission avalanche and superposition principle, and combined with the experiments, the induced flashover law of finger metal electrodes covered by three commonly used spacecraft insulation materials, namley, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and epoxy resin (EP) were investigated under the condition of ESD EMP irradiation. The results showed that: the ESD simulator generates EMP radiation field through electrostatic discharge by contacting with vertical metal coupling plate, which forms a compound electric field induced flashover combinded with the DC electric field on both ends of the electrode; when the induced voltage produced by the compound field between two electrodes is less than the flashover voltage of the insulation material, induced flashover cannot be generated; when the induced voltage is close to the material flashover voltage, induced flashover probability exists; the higher the ESD output voltage, the greater the induced voltage generated by the compound field, and the higher the induced flashover probability of the insulation materials, the dielectric strength of the three insulating materials is, the lower the probability of induced flashover under the condition of ESD EMP of the same intensity, so the time required to form a perforative discharge channel between the electrodes during flashover induction increases, the time delay becomes longer, and the induced flashover current increases accordingly.

Key words: spacecraft, insulationmaterials, inducesurfaceflashover, fingermetalelectrode, ESDEMP

中图分类号:

TM15

张岩, 赵鑫, 刘尚合, 钱禹行, 张路, 盖祥虎. 静电电磁脉冲诱发航天器绝缘材料闪络特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(8): 1956-1965.

ZHANG Yan, ZHAO Xin, LIU Shanghe, QIAN Yuxing, ZHANG Lu, GE Xianghu. Flashover Characteristics of Insulation Materials of Spacecraft Induced by ESD EMP[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(8): 1956-1965.

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