长径比和方向效应对圆柱形炸药水下爆炸冲击波载荷特性的影响规律

陈斐颖; 冯紫龙; 王博文; 刘军

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2026.0415

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长径比和方向效应对圆柱形炸药水下爆炸冲击波载荷特性的影响规律

更新时间：2026-08-27

- 长径比和方向效应对圆柱形炸药水下爆炸冲击波载荷特性的影响规律
- Research on the Influence Laws of Aspect Ratios and Directional Effects on the Shock Wave Load Characteristics of Cylindrical Charges
- 兵工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西北工业大学航空学院，陕西西安 710072
  2.强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室，陕西西安 710072
  3.冲击动力学及其工程应用国际联合研究中心，陕西西安 710072
- 作者简介：
  
  邮箱：liujun_top@nwpu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12382/bgxb.2026.0415
  中图分类号： O383
- 收稿：2026-05-06，
  
  修回：2026-06-04，
  
  录用：2026-06-24，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
陈斐颖, 冯紫龙, 王博文, 等. 长径比和方向效应对圆柱形炸药水下爆炸冲击波载荷特性的影响规律[J/OL]. 兵工学报, 2026.

CHEN Feiying, FENG Zilong, WANG Bowen, et al. Research on the Influence Laws of Aspect Ratios and Directional Effects on the Shock Wave Load Characteristics of Cylindrical Charges[J/OL]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026.
陈斐颖, 冯紫龙, 王博文, 等. 长径比和方向效应对圆柱形炸药水下爆炸冲击波载荷特性的影响规律[J/OL]. 兵工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2026.0415.

CHEN Feiying, FENG Zilong, WANG Bowen, et al. Research on the Influence Laws of Aspect Ratios and Directional Effects on the Shock Wave Load Characteristics of Cylindrical Charges[J/OL]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2026.0415.

摘要

鉴于水中兵器战斗部多采用圆柱形炸药，而传统等效球形假设仅适用于远场的工程背景，本文基于激波极曲线理论揭示了爆轰波在炸药与水界面的反射与透射机制，阐明了初始冲击波压力的形成机理；进而建立任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）三维数值仿真模型，系统研究中心起爆条件下长径比（1.5:1~4:1）和方向效应（0°~90°）对无量纲爆距1~20范围内冲击波载荷特性的影响规律，并通过理论分析、经验公式及试验数据验证模型有效性。研究结果表明：圆柱形炸药爆炸后冲击波初始呈椭球形，长径比越大，轴向与径向传播速度差越大；峰值压力在近场具有显著方向效应，初始峰值压力最大值位于轴向，随爆距增大逐渐转移至径向且高于等效球形炸药，该方位转移现象可从能量分配几何差异、稀疏波与压缩波相互作用及非同步叠加效应三个层面予以解释。冲量受长径比和方向效应影响较小，因峰值压力与衰减时间的共同作用使得各方位冲量趋于均匀。能流密度变化趋势与峰值压力类似，但整体而言圆柱形炸药全向毁伤效率低于等效球形炸药，根源在于非同步叠加效应。本研究为圆柱形战斗部的优化设计、威力评估和舰船抗爆防护设计提供了理论依据。

Abstract

Given the widespread use of cylindrical charges in underwater weapon warheads and the limited applicability of the equivalent spherical assumption to the far field

this study first elucidates the reflection and transmission mechanisms of detonation waves at the explosive-water interface through shock polar theory

revealing the formation mechanism of initial shock wave pressures. An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) three-dimensional numerical simulation model is then established to systematically investigate the influence of aspect ratios (1.5:1~4:1) and directional effects (0°~90°) on shock wave load characteristics within the dimensionless standoff distance range of 1 to 20 under central detonation conditions

with model validity verified through theoretical analysis

empirical formulas

and experimental data. The results demonstrate that the initial shock wave from a cylindrical charge is ellipsoidal

with greater aspect ratios producing larger differences between axial and radial propagation speeds. Peak pressure exhibits significant directional effects in the near field: the maximum initially lies in the axial direction in the extremely near field

then gradually shifts to the radial direction with increasing standoff distance

eventually exceeding that of the equivalent spherical charge. This azimuthal shift can be explained from three perspectives: geometric energy allocation differences

sparse-compressive wave interactions

and non-synchronous superposition effects. Impulse is less sensitive to aspect ratio and directional effects due to the counterbalancing relationship between peak pressure and decay time across azimuths. While energy flux density follows trends similar to peak pressure

the overall omnidirectional damage efficiency of cylindrical charges remains lower than that of equivalent spherical charges

attributable to non-synchronous superposition effects. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimal design

power assessment

and ship anti-blast protection against cylindrical warheads.

关键词

Keywords

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