基于高压过冷的熔铸炸药快速成型机理

关通; 钟光天; 张向荣; 江涛; 苗飞超; 周霖

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0919

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基于高压过冷的熔铸炸药快速成型机理

更新时间：2026-07-06

- 基于高压过冷的熔铸炸药快速成型机理
- Rapid Molding Mechanism of Melt-cast Explosive Based on High-pressure Subcooling
- 兵工学报 2026年47卷第6期页码：250919
- 作者机构：
  
  北京理工大学爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室，北京 100081
  重庆红宇精密工业集团有限公司研究二所，重庆 402760
  安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院，安徽淮南 232001
- 作者简介：
  
  通信作者邮箱：zhangxr@bit.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室开放基金项目(北京理工大学KFJJ24-16M)
- DOI：10.12382/bgxb.2025.0919
  中图分类号： TJ55
- 收稿：2025-10-13，
  
  网络首发：2026-01-27，
  
  纸质出版：2026-06
- 稿件说明：
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关通, 钟光天, 张向荣, 等. 基于高压过冷的熔铸炸药快速成型机理[J]. 兵工学报, 2026,47(6):250919.

GUAN Tong, ZHONG Guangtian, ZHANG Xiangrong, et al. Rapid Molding Mechanism of Melt-cast Explosive Based on High-pressure Subcooling[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(6): 250919.
关通, 钟光天, 张向荣, 等. 基于高压过冷的熔铸炸药快速成型机理[J]. 兵工学报, 2026,47(6):250919. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0919.

GUAN Tong, ZHONG Guangtian, ZHANG Xiangrong, et al. Rapid Molding Mechanism of Melt-cast Explosive Based on High-pressure Subcooling[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(6): 250919. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0919.

摘要

在高压过冷条件下能够实现熔铸炸药的快速成型，但其机理尚不明确。为此，建立了熔铸炸药高压过冷成型试验装置，基于高压过冷非平衡凝固原理，系统研究了加压时机和加载压力对2，4-二硝基苯甲醚（2，4-Dinitroanisole，DNAN）基熔铸炸药凝固相变过程的影响规律，通过共轭梯度反演和真实接触面积模型，揭示了高压过冷加快熔铸炸药凝固和冷却两个过程的机理。研究结果表明：高压下炸药的熔点、凝固点提高，临界过冷度降低；加压时机为常压下炸药的凝固放热峰温时实际过冷度最大，出现高压过冷现象，使得凝固潜热快速释放，温度不降反升，凝固耗时缩短；加载压力越大，炸药温升幅度越高，凝固耗时随着加载压力先减小、后增大；药柱完全凝固后在压力作用下表面微凸体发生塑性变形，提高了真实接触面积比，导致界面换热系数增大，冷却耗时缩短；73.0℃加压50.0 MPa时总成型耗时最短，为常压下的56.0%，药柱的相对密度达到99.9%，CT扫描未见缺陷。

Abstract

The rapid molding of melt-cast explosive can be achieved under high-pressure subcooling conditions

but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study

a high-pressure supercooled molding experimental setup for melt-cast explosive is established. The effects of pressurization temperature and loading pressure on the solidification process of 2

4-dinitroanisole (DNAN)-based melt-cast explosive are systematically investigated based on the principle of high-pressure subcooling nonequilibrium solidification. Then

the mechanism of the high-pressure subcooling accelerating the solidification and cooling processes of melt-cast explosive is revealed byusing the conjugate gradient method and an actual contact area model. The results indicate that the melting and solidification points of the explosive increase and the critical subcooling degree decreases under high-pressure. The maximum actual subcooling degree occurs when the pressurization temperature coincides with the solidification exothermic peak temperature observed under atmospheric pressure

thus initiating high-pressure subcooling. This effect promotes the rapid release of solidification latent heat

which leads to a noticeable increase in temperature and a shortening of solidification time. The higher the loading pressure

the higher the temperature rise of the explosive

and the solidification time first decreases and then increases as the loading pressure increases. The plastic deformation of surface asperities of the grain subjected to pressure after solidification enhances the actual contact area ratio

thereby improving the interfacial heat transfer coefficient and shortening the cooling time. The total molding time is minimized at a pressurization temperature of 73.0℃ and a loading pressure of 50.0 MPa

reaching only 56.0% of that required under atmospheric pressure. The grain molded under this condition achieves a relative density of 99.9%

and no defect in it is detected by CT scanning.

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