基于落锤冲击模拟爆炸近区载荷的精确调控方法

马健; 刘瑞朝; 崔灿; 张伟明; 吴林志

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0832

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基于落锤冲击模拟爆炸近区载荷的精确调控方法

更新时间：2026-02-16

- 基于落锤冲击模拟爆炸近区载荷的精确调控方法
- Method for Precise Control of Near-Field Explosive Loading Using Drop-weight Impact Simulation
- 兵工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 哈尔滨工程大学航天与建筑工程学院,黑龙江,哈尔滨,150001
  2. 目标易损性评估全国重点实验室,河南,洛阳,471023
  3. 军事科学院国防工程研究院,河南,洛阳,471023
  4. 哈尔滨工业大学航天学院,黑龙江,哈尔滨,150001
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12382/bgxb.2025.0832
  中图分类号： O347.4
- 收稿：2025-09-09，
  
  网络首发：2026-02-13，
- 稿件说明：
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马健，刘瑞朝，崔灿，等. 基于落锤冲击模拟爆炸近区载荷的精确调控方法[J/OL]. 兵工学报, 2026(2026-02-16). https://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2025.0832.

MA J, LI R C, CUI C, et al. Method for precise control of near-field explosive loading using drop-weight impact simulation[J/OL]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026(2026-02-16). https://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2025.0832. (in Chinese)
马健，刘瑞朝，崔灿，等. 基于落锤冲击模拟爆炸近区载荷的精确调控方法[J/OL]. 兵工学报, 2026(2026-02-16). https://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2025.0832. DOI：

MA J, LI R C, CUI C, et al. Method for precise control of near-field explosive loading using drop-weight impact simulation[J/OL]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026(2026-02-16). https://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2025.0832. (in Chinese) DOI：

摘要

在真实化爆试验条件下，施加于建筑物构件的爆炸近区应力（波）载荷由于爆炸火球区的影响，存在载荷参数测不准，甚至测不到的问题，为此采用落锤冲击这种非爆炸方式来模拟爆炸近区应力（波）载荷具有现实的需求。要保证落锤冲击载荷与爆炸近区应力（波）载荷一致需要重点关注两个问题，一是载荷加载时间历程的一致性，二是面载荷分布的一致性。聚焦于问题一，对爆炸载荷时间历程进行了分析，以此为导向，表征了聚氨酯垫层动静态本构，系统分析了冲锤厚度、冲击速度和垫层厚度等关键因素对冲击载荷时程的影响规律。构建了高动能落锤冲击载荷预测模型，模型预测范围为：峰值压力

max∈[2.77×106

6.08×107

]

Pa，正相冲量

∈[1.02×103，8.24×104

]

Pa⋅s，持续时间

∈[4.22×10−4

2.68×10−3

]

s。实现了载荷时程的精准调控，为面载荷分布特性研究奠定了基础。

Abstract

Under realistic blast test conditions

due to the influence of the explosion fireball zone

the near-field blast loads applied to building components often suffer from uncertainties in load parameters

and in some cases cannot even be measured. Therefore

there is a practical need to employ non-explosive methods

such as drop-weight impact

to simulate near-field blast loads. To ensure consistency between drop-weight impact loads and near-field blast loads

two issues must be addressed: (1) the consistency of the load–time history

and (2) the consistency of the surface load distribution.This study focuses on the first issue. The analysis of the blast load time history guided the charact

erization of the dynamic and static constitutive behavior of the polyurethane cushion layers. Subsequently

the influence of key factors—including hammerhead mass

impact velocity

and cushion thickness—on the impact load-time history was systematically investigated.Based on this

a predictive model for high-energy drop-weight impact loads is established

with the following applicability ranges: peak pressure

max∈[2.77×106

6.08×107

]

Pa，positive-phase impulse

∈[1.02×103，8.24×104

]

Pa⋅s，and duration

∈[4.22×10−4

2.68×10−3

]

enablingprecise regulation of load time histories. This work lays the foundation for studying surface load distribution characteristic.

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