水下高速射弹发射技术研究现状与展望

孙志群; 李强

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0720

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水下高速射弹发射技术研究现状与展望

更新时间：2026-06-16

- 水下高速射弹发射技术研究现状与展望
- Review and Prospect of Underwater High-speed Projectile Launching Technology
- 兵工学报 2026年47卷第5期页码：250720
- 作者机构：
  
  中北大学机电工程学院，山西太原 030051
- 作者简介：
  
  通信作者邮箱：liqiang17@nuc.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12382/bgxb.2025.0720
  中图分类号： TJ301
- 收稿：2025-07-22，
  
  网络首发：2026-02-11，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05
- 稿件说明：
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孙志群, 李强. 水下高速射弹发射技术研究现状与展望[J]. 兵工学报, 2026,47(5):250720.

SUN Zhiqun, LI Qiang. Review and Prospect of Underwater High-speed Projectile Launching Technology[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(5): 250720.
孙志群, 李强. 水下高速射弹发射技术研究现状与展望[J]. 兵工学报, 2026,47(5):250720. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0720.

SUN Zhiqun, LI Qiang. Review and Prospect of Underwater High-speed Projectile Launching Technology[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(5): 250720. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0720.

摘要

水下高速射弹已成为现代海战的关键前沿技术，为水下作战场景提供了低成本、强火力的解决方案。然而，极端的多相流动动力学（涵盖气-液-汽相互作用、高压水阻和空化效应）对实现高初速、高精度和高射速提出了重大挑战。通过概括影响水下高速射弹性能的主要因素，梳理该领域的关键科学问题，聚焦内弹道、膛口流场演化及后效期气泡动力学三个核心问题，重点分析了内弹道流体阻力机制、膛口多相流场演化规律、后效期气泡动力学特性及全速域数值计算方法的国内外研究现状，指出现有基础理论与工程应用的技术短板。旨在明晰水下射弹发射各阶段的技术特征，进而展望该领域未来的重点发展方向，为突破水下高速射弹的基础研究、实验探索与工程应用等瓶颈技术提供思路，同时为提升水下高速射弹发射性能提供参考和借鉴。

Abstract

Underwater high-speed projectiles have emerged as a key cutting-edge technology in modern naval warfare，offering a cost-effective and potent firepower solution for underwater combat scenarios. However，the extreme multiphase flow dynamics，encompassing gas-liquid-vapor interaction，high-pressure water resistance and cavitation effect，pose significant challenges to achieving high muzzle velocity，precision and firing rate. The main factors influencing the performance of underwater high-speed projectiles are summarized，the key scientific issues in this field are reviewed，and the interior ballistics，muzzle flow field evolution，and post-effect bubble dynamics are discussed. It provides an in-depth analysis of the fluid resistance mechanisms in interior ballistics，the evolutionary patterns of multiphase flow fields at the muzzle，the dynamic characteristics of bubbles during the post-effect period，and the current state of research on full-speed numerical computation methods at home and abroad. The existing gaps in fundamental theory and engineering applications are identified. The aim is to clarify the technical characteristics of each stage of underwater projectile launch，and project thefuture key development directions of the field，and provide insights for breaking through the bottleneck technologies in basic research，experimental exploration，and engineering applications of underwater high-speed projectiles，while offering references and guidance for enhancing the launch performance of underwater high-speed projectile.

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Keywords

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