水深和室压对航行体出筒过程水动力特性的影响

贺柏岩; 蒋飞翔; 瞿泽晖; 张益敢; 刘华坪; 叶永晧

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0709

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水深和室压对航行体出筒过程水动力特性的影响

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- 水深和室压对航行体出筒过程水动力特性的影响
- Effects of Water Depth and Chamber Pressure on Hydrodynamics of Underwater Vehicle Ejection
- 兵工学报 2026年47卷第4期页码：250709
- 作者机构：
  
  华中科技大学航空航天学院，湖北武汉 430074
- 作者简介：
  
  通信作者邮箱：hgdlhp@163.com
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12382/bgxb.2025.0709
  中图分类号： TJ630
- 收稿：2025-08-05，
  
  网络首发：2025-12-25，
  
  纸质出版：2026-04
- 稿件说明：
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贺柏岩, 蒋飞翔, 瞿泽晖, 等. 水深和室压对航行体出筒过程水动力特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2026,47(4):250709.

HE Baiyan, JIANG Feixiang, QU Zehui, et al. Effects of Water Depth and Chamber Pressure on Hydrodynamics of Underwater Vehicle Ejection[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(4): 250709.
贺柏岩, 蒋飞翔, 瞿泽晖, 等. 水深和室压对航行体出筒过程水动力特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2026,47(4):250709. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0709.

HE Baiyan, JIANG Feixiang, QU Zehui, et al. Effects of Water Depth and Chamber Pressure on Hydrodynamics of Underwater Vehicle Ejection[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(4): 250709. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0709.

摘要

在大水深条件下，利用无人水下航行器发射小型航行体可实现快速打击，具有重要的战术价值。为揭示大水深下航行体出筒过程中的流场演化与水动力特性，基于雷诺时均NavierStokes方法、流体体积法多相流模型和动网格技术，开展不同水深与室压条件下的数值模拟。研究结果表明：燃气在出筒过程中经历射流初生冲击振荡、弹筒间隙射流发展、头部燃气包裹卷吸、航行体穿刺头部气团和尾泡断裂海水回灌再充这5个典型过程；喷管始终处于过膨胀状态，但随着航行体运动，激波系逐渐向喷管出口移动；随着发射水深的增加，气体膨胀受限，射流核心区缩短，振荡增强，气泡体积减小，法向不稳定性加剧；室压升高能够提升推力与出筒速度，改善运动稳定性，但也诱发更剧烈的界面扰动与湍流结构演化。

Abstract

Launching small underwater vehicles from unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) at deep water depths enables rapid strikes and has significant tactical value. To elucidate the flow-field evolution and hydrodynamic characteristics during the ejection process

numerical simulations of the underwater vehicle ejection process are conducted under different water depths and chamber pressures based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method

the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase flow model and the dynamic mesh technology. Results show that

during the ejection process

the exhaust gas undergoes five typical stages:initial jet impingement and oscillation

development of gap jet inside the launch tube

bubble entrainment around the vehicle head

breakthrough into the leading gas cavity by vehicle head

and tail-cavity breakup with seawater backflow recharge. The nozzle remains in an overexpanded state

while the shock system gradually shifts toward the nozzle exit as the vehicle advances. As the water depth increases

the gas expansion is restricted

the jet core area shortens

the oscillation intensifies

the volume of bubble reduces

and the normal-direction instability is aggravated. An increase in chamber pressure improves thrust and launch velocity

enhancing motion stability but also inducing stronger interface disturbances and more complex turbulence evolution.

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