泡沫铝及其复合材料冲击压缩特性

赵生伟; 周刚; 王可慧; 李明; 杜永; 陈柏翰

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0664

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泡沫铝及其复合材料冲击压缩特性

更新时间：2026-06-16

- 泡沫铝及其复合材料冲击压缩特性
- Study on the Shock Compressive Properties of Metal Foam Materials at High Strain Rates
- 兵工学报 2026年47卷第5期页码：250664
- 作者机构：
  
  西北核技术研究所，西安 710024
  清华大学工程物理系，北京 100084
- 作者简介：
  
  通信作者邮箱：wangkehui@nint.ac.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12382/bgxb.2025.0664
  中图分类号： O347.3
- 收稿：2025-07-17，
  
  网络首发：2026-01-27，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05
- 稿件说明：
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赵生伟, 周刚, 王可慧, 等. 泡沫铝及其复合材料冲击压缩特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2026,47(5):250664.

ZHAO Shengwei, ZHOU Gang, WANG Kehui, et al. Study on the Shock Compressive Properties of Metal Foam Materials at High Strain Rates[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(5): 250664.
赵生伟, 周刚, 王可慧, 等. 泡沫铝及其复合材料冲击压缩特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2026,47(5):250664. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0664.

ZHAO Shengwei, ZHOU Gang, WANG Kehui, et al. Study on the Shock Compressive Properties of Metal Foam Materials at High Strain Rates[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(5): 250664. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0664.

摘要

泡沫铝材料及泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料为研究对象，通过准静态压缩实验和轻气炮平面撞击试验，系统研究了两种材料在不同应变率下的压缩性能及冲击衰减特性。通过准静态压缩实验，研究了孔隙率、孔径及应变率对材料压缩性能的影响，结果表明孔隙率和孔径对材料的平台应力和吸收功有显著影响；通过高应变率下的平面撞击实验，研究了泡沫金属材料的冲击衰减特性，结果表明两种泡沫金属材料均能有效衰减冲击波的应力幅值和波速，且泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料在应力幅值衰减方面表现更为优异。通过拉格朗日分析法，揭示泡沫金属材料在冲击载荷下动态响应过程的机制：微小区域内的材料的压缩变化过程是遵循均质材料本构变化规律的，宏观应力-应变曲线是金属单质性能与泡沫结构共同作用的结果，而平台阶段的形成主要是泡沫金属材料的孔洞结构起到了主要作用。

Abstract

The compressive behaviors and impact attenuation characteristics of aluminum foam and aluminum foam-polyurethane composite materials under different strain rates are investigated through quasi-static compression test and light gas gun planar impact experiment. In the quasi-static compression test，the influences of porosity，pore size，and strain rate on the material performance are systematically analyzed. The result shows that the porosity and pore size have a significant impact on the plateau stress and energy absorption capacity of the material. In the high strain rate plate impact experiment，the impact attenuation characteristics of aluminum foam and aluminum foam-polyurethane composite materials is investigated. The result shows the both the materials effectively attenuate the stress amplitude and velocity of shockwave，and perform even better in terms of stress amplitude attenuation. The strain rate and stress-strain relation of the materials are analyzed by using Lagrangian analysis method，and the dynamic response mechanisms is revealed under impact load. The research results provide theoretical foundation for the application of foam metal materials，particularly about the compressive behavior and impact attenuation characteristics at high strain rate.

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