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马瑞龙 , 王昕捷 , 孙志民 , 等 . 球形和柱形炸药近场爆炸冲击波载荷特性 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2025 , 46 ( 1 ): 231105 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.1105 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2023.1105 为研究典型装药结构(球形和圆柱形)近场爆炸(0.06m/kg^1/3<Z<1m/kg^1/3)(Z为对比距离)冲击波特性,支撑弹药抗殉爆技术发展,设计开展kg级柱形装药近场爆炸冲击波载荷表征试验,构建炸药近场爆炸数值计算模型,分析得到球形和柱形装药近场爆炸冲击波结构和峰值空间分布规律。研究结果表明:近场反射载荷受爆轰产物影响,超压曲线存在多峰结构和锯齿形波动,原因可能是多次反射波效应和马赫区后爆轰产物复杂流动;爆轰产物-空气冲击波界面压力和密度梯度互异引起Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定效应,产生的界面微射流提高了多次反射波结构的复杂度,导致近场反射载荷试验测量结果不确定度增大;近场入射超压曲线表现为典型双峰结构,峰值分别由空气冲波和爆轰产物主导,同时受结构效应影响,柱形装药入射峰值载荷沿轴向和径向空间非均匀性较强,方位角为30°~60°时受桥联波效应影响空间散布较大;修正的预测模型可描述柱形装药(长径比为0.8)中心起爆时,0.06m/kg^1/3<Z<1m/kg^1/3范围内任意方位角和对比距离处入射峰值超压和冲量,与数值模拟结果偏差小于20%。

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GAO C , KONG X Z , FANG Q , et al . Numerical investigation on free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation [J ] . Defence Technology , 2022 , 18 : 1662 - 1678 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2021.07.013 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2021.07.013 In current guidelines, the free air blast loads (overpressure and impulse) are determined by spherical charges, although most of ordnance devices are more nearly cylindrical than spherical in geometry. This may result in a great underestimation of blast loads in the near field and lead to an unsafe design. However, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the blast loads generated from cylindrical charges. In this study, a numerical model is developed by using the hydrocode AUTODYN to investigate the influences of aspect ratio and orientation on the free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges. This is done by examining the pressure contours, the peak overpressures and impulses for various aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 8 and arbitrary orientation monitored along every azimuth angle with an interval of 5°. To characterize the distribution patterns of blast loads, three regions, i.e., the axial region, the vertex region and the radial region are identified, and the propagation of blast waves in each region is analyzed in detail. The complexity of blast loads of cylindrical charges is found to result from the bridge wave and its interaction with primary waves. Several empirical formulas are presented based on curve-fitting the numerical data, including the orientation where the maximum peak overpressure emerges, the critical scaled distance beyond which the charge shape effect could be neglected and blast loads with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation, all of which are useful for blast-resistant design. © 2021 China Ordnance Society

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