HELTE A , LUNDGREN J , CANDLE J . The interaction between a shaped charge jet and a single moving plate [J ] . Defence Technology , 2024 , 31 : 1 - 13 .

豆剑豪 , 贾鑫 , 梁争峰 , 等 . 电磁能与炸药联合加载药型罩基础理论 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 6 ): 1754 - 1763 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0120 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0120 为提高聚能射流对炸药能量的利用率,结合电磁加载药型罩以及爆磁压缩发生器原理,提出一种电磁能与炸药联合加载药型罩的原理结构。联合加载分为两个阶段:第1阶段,电容器放电,在爆磁压缩发生器中形成初始磁通;第2阶段,炸药1爆轰,压缩磁场,电流增大,同时爆轰波传播至药型罩部分引爆炸药2,电磁力与爆轰压力共同压垮药型罩。结合炸药爆轰理论、传统PER射流成型理论以及电磁加载特性,建立电磁与炸药联合加载下药型罩射流成型的理论模型。利用理论模型计算ϕ56mm聚能装药在联合加载结构下的射流成型,并通过理论计算分析联合加载时序对联合加载射流成型的影响。计算结果表明:电磁与炸药联合加载能够增加成型射流的速度以及动能,提高聚能射流对炸药的利用率,并且优化联合加载时序能够进一步提高射流速度和动能;联合加载下射流动能相对传统聚能装药提升了34.5%,对炸药的能量利用率提高了36%。

DOU J H , JIA X , LIANG Z F , et al . Basic theory of loading liner with electromagnetic energy and explosives [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2023 , 44 ( 6 ): 1754 - 1763 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0120 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0120 To improve the explosive’s energy utilization rate of the shaped charge jet, a principle structure in which electromagnetic energy and explosive are combined to load the liner is proposed considering the principles of the liner loaded by electromagnetic force and magnetic flux compression generator. Combined loading is divided into two stages: in the first stage, the capacitor discharge and the initial magnetic flux is formed in the magnetic flux compression generator; in the second stage, Explosive 1 detonates, which compresses the magnetic field and increases the current, and at the same time, the detonation wave propagates to the liner to detonate Explosive 2. The electromagnetic force and detonation pressure jointly crush the liner. Combined with the explosive detonation theory, traditional PER theory of jet formaton and electromagnetic loading characteristics, a theoretical model of jet formation of a liner under combined electromagnetic and explosive loading is established. Then, the jet formation of ϕ 56mm shaped charge under the combined loading structure is calculated by the theoretical model, and the influence of the combined loading sequence on jet formi ng is analyzed by theoretical calculation. The computational results show that the combined electromagnetic and explosive loading can increase the velocity and kinetic energy of the shaped jet, improve the explosive utilization rate of the jet, and optimize the combined loading sequence, which will further improve the jet velocity and kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of the jet under combined loading is 34.5% higher than that of the traditional shaped charge, and the energy utilization rate of explosive is increased by 36%.

方一舟 , 张先锋 , 熊玮 , 等 . 考虑形状分布特性的聚能射流侵彻作用规律研究 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2023 , 43 ( 10 ): 1047 - 1058 .

FANG Y Z , ZHANG X F , XIONG W , et al . Study on penetration law of shaped charge jet considering shape distribution characteristics [J ] . Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology , 2023 , 43 ( 10 ): 1047 - 1058 . (in Chinese)

HAO Z , WANG Z J , XU Y J , et al . Study on the detonation wave propagation of shped charge with three-layer liner and its driving characteristics to liner [J ] . Scientific Reports , 2024 , 14 : 8778 .

PARK J , KWON S . Study on the penetration performance of a double-angle linear shaped charge:performance improvement and miniaturization [J ] . Aerospace , 2024 , 11 : 310 .

TAMER E , LI Q M , AHMED E . Experimental and numerical investigation of zirconium jet performance with different liner shapes design [J ] . Defence Technology , 2022 , 18 ( 1 ): 12 - 16 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2020.11.019 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2020.11.019 This paper studies the shaped charge jet performance in terms of different liner shapes including conical, bell, hemispherical and bi-conical liners. The critical angles and the relevant flow velocities for the zirconium liner material were calculated analytically and numerically using Autodyn hydro-code. The relationship between the critical collapse angle and the flow velocity was determined for the conditions of jet formation and coherency. Penetration tests according to the standard testing procedures of API-RP34 (Section-II) were performed to validate the numerical predictions of the jet performance of the studied liners. It was found that the four shaped charge liners all produced coherent jets with different performances. The penetration depth of the shaped charges with the bell and the bi-conical liner shapes increased by 10.3% and 22%, respectively, while the crater diameter of shaped charge with hemispherical liner increased by 85% representing the formation of an explosively-formed-projectile (EFP), when they are compared with the corresponding jet characteristics of a conical liner shaped charge. © 2020 The Authors

贾鑫 , 黄正祥 , 徐梦雯 , 等 . 聚能射流对厚壁移动靶的侵彻理论与数值模拟分析 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2019 , 40 ( 8 ): 1553 - 1561 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.08.001 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.08.001 为有效拦截摧毁来袭大壁厚高速运动的导弹和钻地弹，提出了一种采用破甲战斗部的攻击模式。基于虚拟源点理论并采用微元法，将射流微元与厚壁移动靶板的相互作用过程分为两个阶段： 第一阶段，射流微元在侵彻过程中不受靶板侧向力干扰，分析了该过程侵彻深度和孔径的变化规律；第二阶段，射流在侵彻过程中受到靶板的侧向干扰，建立了射流受干扰时的横向漂移速度及受干扰射流的侵彻深度等理论模型。为验证理论模型的正确性，设计了一种40 mm口径聚能装药，通过有限元软件LS-DYNA分析了聚能射流垂直侵彻不同移动速度靶板（0~600 m/s）的侵彻深度及孔径变化规律，同时结合Marmor等^\[17\]的试验数据，与所建理论模型计算结果进行对比。结果表明：破甲战斗部是对付高速运动厚壁战斗部的有效手段，所建理论模型可精确地计算出射流微元在各个阶段的运动状态，从而获得总侵彻深度随靶板运动速度变化的规律；靶板运动速度越高，无干扰侵彻阶段经历时间越短，射流受干扰程度越明显，破甲深度与扩孔孔径也越小。

JIA X , HUANG Z X , XU M W , et al . Theoretical model and numerical study of shaped charge jet penetrating into thick moving target [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2019 , 40 ( 8 ): 1553 - 1561 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.08.001 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.08.001 An attack mode using shaped charge jet is proposed to effectively intercept and destroy the incoming high-speed missiles and earth-penetrating projectiles with large wall thickness. Based on virtual origin theory, an infinitesimal method is used to divide the interaction process of shaped charge jet and thick moving target into two stages: undisturbed jet penetration and disturbed jet penetration. At the undisturbed jet penetration stage, the jet is not be disturbed by lateral force on target plate. The penetration depth contributed by undistributed jet and the aperture of cavity were analyzed. At the disturbed jet penetration stage, the jet is disturbed by lateral force on target plate. The models of lateral drift velocity and penetration depth of distributed jet were established. A 40 mm-diameter shaped charge was designed to verify the theoretical model. The penetration depth of jet penetrating into steel target at the transverse velocity of 0-600 m/s was calculated using the LS-DYNA software. The theoretical results of the proposed model were compared with the experimental data in Ref.\[17\]. The results indicate that the shaped charge warhead is an effective means to strike high speed moving target. The higher the moving speed of target is, the shorter the elapsed time at the undisturbed jet penetration stage is, the more the interference of jet is, and the smaller the penetration depth is. Key

FRANKEL I , WEIHS D . Hydrodynamic theory of glancing impact [J ] . Journal of Fluid Mechanics , 1990 , 216 : 213 - 229 .

LUTTWAK G , LUTTWAK A . Moving plate perforation analytic model and numerical simulation [C ] // Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Ballistics.Adelaide , Australia : International Ballistics Committee , 2004 : 976 - 983 .

HELTE A , LIDE N E . The role of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities on shaped charge jet interaction with reactive armor plates [J ] . Journal of Applied Mechanics , 2010 , 77 ( 5 ): 051805 .

YADAV H S . Interaction of a metallic jet with a moving target [J ] . Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics , 2010 , 13 ( 3 ): 74 - 79 .

朱定波 , 李景云 . 爆炸装甲对破甲射流干扰机理的研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 1991 , 12 ( 1 ): 46 - 53 . 本文对破甲射流与爆炸装甲相互作用的机理进行了研究。建立了射流受爆炸装甲覆盖板的断续干扰和连续干扰的力学模型；推导了运动薄板受射流作用的扩孔公式；提出了射流干扰度的概念；并与实验进行了对比。

ZHU D B , LI J Y . Disturbance on an armor-piercing jet caused by an explosive armor [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 1991 , 12 ( 1 ): 46 - 53 . (in Chinese) The paper aims to studvy the mechanism of interaction between an explosive armor and an incoming jet. Two dynamic models of the jet having respectively continuous and discontinuous disturbances caused by plates of the explosive armor have been set up. The formula for an expand?ing hole in a thin moving plate due to the jet is derived. Finally, the concept of degree of interference for the jet has been proposed. A compa?rison between the experimental results and computational ones is given.

李干 , 陈小伟 . 聚能射流侵彻径向扩孔的可压缩模型 [J ] . 爆炸与冲击 , 2022 , 42 ( 7 ): 073301 .

LI G , CHEN X W . A compressible model of radial crater growth by shaped-charge jet penetration [J ] . Explosion and Shock Waves , 2022 , 42 ( 7 ): 073301 . (in Chinese)

曹鹏 , 张国伟 , 乔通通 , 等 . 杆式射流侵彻移动靶数值模拟 [J ] . 兵器装备工程学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 4 ): 86 - 90 .

CAO P , ZHANG G W , QIAO T T , et al . Numerical simulation of rod jet penetration moving target [J ] . Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering , 2021 , 42 ( 4 ): 86 - 90 . (in Chinese)

韩世锋 . 破甲弹对运动体斜侵彻的仿真研究 [D ] . 太原 : 中北大学 , 2015 .

HAN S F . Simulation research on sunder armor oblique penetrate high speed movement [D ] . Taiyuan : North University of China , 2015 . (in Chinese)

谭力犁 , 张团 , 乔立刚 , 等 . 聚能射流侵彻运动钢靶的数值仿真 [J ] . 兵工自动化 , 2021 , 40 ( 10 ): 6 - 9 .

TAN L L , ZHANG T , QIAO L G , et al . Numerical simulation of shaped jet penetrating moving steel target [J ] . Ordnance Industry Automation , 2021 , 40 ( 10 ): 6 - 9 . (in Chinese)

YI J Y , WANG Z J , YIN J P , et al . Reaction characteristics of polymer expansive jet impact on explosive reactive armour [J ] . e-Polymers , 2020 , 20 : 292 - 302 .

葛超 , 曲卓君 , 王晋 , 等 . 截顶辅助型超聚能射流成形理论及正交优化 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2022 , 42 ( 10 ): 1034 - 1041 .

GE C , QU Z J , WANG J , et al . Theoretical and orthogonal analysis on trunconical hypercumula-tion shaped charge structure [J ] . Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology , 2022 , 42 ( 10 ): 1034 - 1041 . (in Chinese)

YI J Y , HAO R J , TANG X Z , et al . Research on the destroy characteristics of PTFE/Cu composite liner to explosive reactive armor [J ] . Heliyon , 2024 , 10 ( 7 ): e27794 .

WU Y L , CHEN C . Detonation wave propagation of double-layer shaped charge and its driving characteristics to the liner [J ] . Shock and Vibration , 2023 : 4201663 .

MA X J , KONG D R , SHI Y C . Experimental and numerical investigation of blast loads induced by moving charge explosion [J ] . Structures , 2023 , 47 : 2037 - 2049 .

MEJÍA N , MEJÍA R , TOULKERIDIS T . Characterization of blast wave parameters in the detonation locus and near field for shaped charges [J ] . Mathematics , 2022 , 10 ( 18 ): 3261 .