1. 北京理工大学 爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室, 北京 100081
2. 北京理工大学重庆创新中心, 重庆 401120
*liuh@bit.edu.cn
收稿:2024-09-12,
网络出版:2025-08-28,
纸质出版:2025-08-31
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刘瀚, 翟馨怡, 杨磊, 等. 典型防爆装备对爆炸地震波的防护性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2025,46(8):240834.
Han LIU, Xinyi ZHAI, Lei YANG, et al. Protection Performance of Typical Explosion-proof Equipment against Explosion-induced Seismic Waves[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(8): 240834.
刘瀚, 翟馨怡, 杨磊, 等. 典型防爆装备对爆炸地震波的防护性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2025,46(8):240834. DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2024.0834.
Han LIU, Xinyi ZHAI, Lei YANG, et al. Protection Performance of Typical Explosion-proof Equipment against Explosion-induced Seismic Waves[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(8): 240834. DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2024.0834.
爆炸地震波以其波长长、振幅强、传播速度快等特征
成为诱发建筑物坍塌和基础设施损毁等爆炸次生灾害的主要因素。基于2种典型防爆装备开展不同TNT药量的静爆试验
研究空爆(Free-Air Blast
FAB)、钢质防爆(Steel Explosion-Proof
SEP)和柔性防爆(Flexible Explosion-Proof
FEP)3种不同防护条件下爆炸地震波的传播衰减规律
分析SEP和FEP 2种典型防爆装备的振速时域响应与主振频率特性。构建SEP和FEP防护下的三轴峰值振速矢量和衰减模型
并据此划分建筑物破坏等级
细分为安全、轻微破坏、严重破坏三级判据准则。研究发现:三轴峰值振速矢量和随着TNT药量的增加而增大
随着爆距的增大而减小;三轴主频对于爆距或TNT药量的增大并无明显变化规律
相较于FAB
SEP和FEP均展现出对爆炸地震波三轴峰值振速的大幅度防护性能。所得研究结果可为相关防爆装备结构设计和爆炸地震波防护效能评价提供参考。
Explosion-induced seismic waves have become the main factors inducing secondary disasters such as building collapse and infrastructure damage due to their long wavelength
strong amplitude and fast propagation speed.Based on two kinds of typical explosion-proof equipment
the static explosion tests with different TNT dosages are carried out to study the propagation and attenuation law of explosion-induced seismic waves under three different protection conditions of free-air blast (FAB)
steel explosion-proof (SEP) and flexible explosion-proof (FEP).The vibration velocity time-domain responses and main vibration frequency characteristics of SEP and FEP equipment are analyzed.The three-axis peak vibration velocity vector and attenuation models under the protection of SEP and FEP equipment are constructed
and the damage level of building is divided accordingly
which is subdivided into three criteria of safety
slight damage and serious damage.It is found that the vector sum of triaxial peak vibration velocities increases with the increase of TNT charge
and decreases with the increase of detonation distance.The triaxial dominant frequency shows no obvious change rule when the detonation distance or TNT charge increases.Compared with FAB
both SEP and FEP show significant protection performance against the triaxial peak vibration velocity of explosion-induced seismic waves.The research results can provide reference for the structural design of related explosion-proof equipment and the evaluation of explosion-induced seismic wave protection effectiveness.
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杨磊 , 刘瀚 , 黄广炎 , 等 . 典型防爆装备对TNT爆炸冲击波的防护性能 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 10 ): 2871 - 2884 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0281 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2023.0281 爆炸冲击波是炸药爆炸时产生的强间断载荷,是引起人体颅脑、肺部等含气器官组织直接损伤的主导危害。基于Q235钢钢材和复合材料+液体两种典型材质的防爆装备,开展多种TNT药量的静爆试验和数值计算,研究空爆(FAB)、钢制防爆罐(SEP)和柔性防爆罐(FEP)3种不同防护条件下冲击波传播衰减规律,分析SEP和FEP两种典型防爆装备的响应过程与防护机理,获得典型装备冲击波超压峰值削弱防护的经验模型。研究结果表明:SEP和FEP可以大幅度削弱内爆炸冲击波载荷,相较于同位置处的FAB,SEP可削弱冲击波超压峰值55.4%~66.3%,FEP可削弱超压峰值57.2%~77.7%,且过当量爆炸时FEP的冲击波防护能力明显高于SEP;分析SEP和FEP的主要防护机理均为绕射遮蔽作用,但FEP的顶盖显著增加了冲击波与结构作用时间,通过水的动量提取效应和不同波阻抗界面反射削弱逃逸冲击波强度,而SEP中的冲击波仅通过刚性材料反射消耗后迅速绕射逃逸;建立了SEP、FEP冲击波峰值超压削弱经验模型,与试验结果相比SEP、FEP削弱模型平均误差分别为2.4%和10.2%;得到的典型装备冲击波削弱规律及防护经验模型为防爆罐装备设计提供了参考。
YANG L , LIU H , HUANG G Y , et al . Protection performance of typical explosion-proof equipment against TNT blast shock wave [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2023 , 44 ( 10 ): 2871 - 2884 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0281 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2023.0281 Blast shock wave is a strong intermittent load produced by explosive explosion, which is a main harmful factor causing direct damage to human brain, lung and other gas-bearing organs. For an explosion-proof equipment made of two typical materials, the static explosion tests and numerical calculations of various TNT charges were carried out to study the attenuation law of shock wave propagation under three different protection conditions of free air burst (FAB), steel explosion-proof (SEP) and flexible explosion-proof (FEP). The response process and protection mechanism of two typical explosion-proof equipment are analyzed, and the empirical model of weakening the shock wave overpressure peak for the protection of typical equipment is obtained. The research shows that SEP and FEP can significantly reduce the internal blast shock wave load. Compared with FAB at the same location, SEP reduces the peak overpressure of shock wave by 55.4%~66.3%, and FEP reduces the peak overpressure by 57.2%~77.7%. The shock wave protection ability of FEP is obviously higher than that of SEP during over-equivalent explosion. The main protection mechanism of SEP and FEP is diffraction shielding, but the FEP roof increases the time of interaction between the shock wave and the structure, and weakens the intensity of escaping shock wave through the momentum extraction effect of water and the interface reflection of different wave impedances, while the shock wave in SEP escapes quickly after reflectiing through the rigid materials. The average errors of SEP and FEP shock wave peak overpressure attenuation models are 2.4% and 10.2%, respectively. The shock wave weakening law and protection experience model of typical equipment obtained in this paper are expected to provide reference for the design of explosion-proof tank equipment.
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