戴一帆 , 钟曜宇 , 石峰 , 等 . 强光光学元件加工技术发展 [J ] . 中国机械工程 , 2020 , 31 ( 23 ): 2788 - 2797 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2020.23.003 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2020.23.003 面向强光光学元件的低损伤制造，概述了关联激光损伤性能的损伤前驱体检测表征方法，提出纳米尺度污染与化学结构缺陷等损伤前驱体是低损伤加工过程需要关注的焦点；结合光学元件加工方法的发展进程，探讨了基于化学辅助磁流变抛光和离子束溅射清洗技术的纳米损伤前驱体的抑制方法，以有效减少纳米级污染和化学结构缺陷；提出强光光学元件制造面临的三个挑战，为实现强光光学元件清洁制造提供参考。

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郑万国 , 祖小涛 , 袁晓东 , 等 . 高功率激光装置的负载能力及其相关物理问题 [M ] . 北京 : 科学出版社 , 2014 .

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王洪祥 , 沈璐 , 李成福 , 等 . 光学元件激光诱导损伤分析及实验研究 [J ] . 中国激光 , 2017 , 44 ( 3 ): 98 - 104 .

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LIU X Y , CAO F , ZHANG W L , et al. Nanosecond laser damage of 532 nm thin film polarizers evaluated by different testing protocols [J ] . Optical Materials , 2024 , 149 ( 3 ): 115124 .

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LOU Z K , HAN K , ZHANG C F , et al. The characterization of laser-induced thermal damage mechanism of mid-infrared optical coatings with surface contaminants [J ] . Physica Scripta , 2020 , 95 ( 3 ): 035507 .

赵元安 , 王涛 , 张东平 , 等 . 脉冲激光辐照光学薄膜的缺陷损伤模型 [J ] . 光子学报 , 2005 , 34 ( 9 ): 1372 - 1375 .

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YANG D H , ZHAO L J , CHENG J , et al. The decisive effects of the stress states and brittle-plasticity of the surface defects on their laser-induced damage thresholds on fused silica surfaces [J ] . Ceramics International , 2024 , 50 ( 1PB ): 2029 - 2042 .

孔宪俊 , 王明海 , 王奔 , 等 . 45% SiC_p/Al复合材料切削表面对高斯激光吸收规律研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2020 , 41 ( 5 ): 1007 - 1015 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.05.020 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.05.020 为探究45% SiC_p/Al复合材料切削表面状态吸收高斯激光的温度变化规律，根据傅立叶热传导公式及碳化硅颗粒、铝基体的热物性参数，计算得出45% SiC_p/Al复合材料吸收激光后不同相的温度随时间变化规律。利用有限元仿真方法建立激光加热辅助切削45% SiC_p/Al复合材料的温度场有限元预测模型，仿真分析获得激光功率、激光移动速度、激光光斑直径、转速对于激光加热温度场的影响规律，结合切削用量对加热温度的影响规律，建立工件表面切削点处温度的经验公式。基于切削点温度经验公式预测得到的温度场，开展硬质合金刀具和聚晶金刚石刀具的激光加热辅助切削实验研究。通过硬质合金刀具和聚晶金刚石刀具对45% SiC_p/Al复合材料开展激光加热辅助切削实验研究。结果表明：使用硬质合金刀具开展激光加热车削45% SiC_p/Al复合材料得到的复合材料表面铝/硅元素含量比值达到1.187，对半导体激光的吸收率为0.21；而当使用聚晶金刚石刀具进行激光加热车削获得的切削表面铝/硅元素含量比值为1.047，激光吸收率达到0.23.

KONG X J , WANG M H , WANG B , et al. Reaserch on absorption of Gaussian laser for the cutting surface of 45% SiC p /Al composites [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2020 , 41 ( 5 ): 1007 - 1015 . (in Chinese)

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梁成杰 , 庞向阳 , 孙明营 , 等 . 有机物沉积质量对溶胶凝胶减反膜性能的影响规律 [J ] . 中国激光 , 2023 , 50 ( 5 ): 48 - 57 .

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STÉPHANIE P , LUC J R , JÉRÉMIE C , et al. Effect of laser irradiation on silica substrate contaminated by aluminum particles [J ] . Applied Optics , 2008 , 47 ( 8 ): 1164 - 1170 . A major issue in the use of high-power lasers, such as the Laser Megajoule (LMJ), is laser-induced damage of optical components. One potential damage initiator is particulate contamination, but its effect is hard to distinguish from that of other damage precursors. To do so, we introduced artificial contaminants typical of metallic pollution likely to be present on the optical components of the LMJ chains. More precisely, aluminum particles of two different sizes were placed on a silica sample. These dots were characterized by optical microscopy and profilometry. Then they were exposed to a laser beam with a pulse length of 6.5 ns at 1064 nm and fluences in the range from 1 to 40 J/cm(2). Each dot was characterized again with the same techniques and also by photothermal microscopy. To complete the experimental results, we performed numerical simulations with a one-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamics code. We show that the particle removal by laser irradiation produces a modification of the silica surface that does not evolve into catastrophic damage under subsequent irradiation. However, the effect does depend on the size of the dots. We demonstrate that a procedure exists that removes the dot and leaves the site capable of resisting high fluence.

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丁坤艳 , 何长涛 , 刘志刚 , 等 . 基于综合光谱法的污染物颗粒诱导光学元件损伤研究 [J ] . 光谱学与光谱分析 , 2023 , 43 ( 4 ): 1234 - 1241 .

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韩凯 , 闫宝珠 , 许晓军 , 等 . 中红外高功率激光系统强光元件热损伤特性 [J ] . 红外与毫米波学报 , 2016 , 35 ( 6 ): 741 - 747 .

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黄训清 . 强激光发射大口径内通道密封及热效应研究 [D ] . 长春 : 中国科学院大学(中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所) , 2024 .

HUANG X Q . Research on sealing and thermal effect of a large-diameter inner channel for intense laser emission [D ] . Changchun : University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Changchun Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences), 2024 . (in Chinese)

胡小川 , 彭家琪 , 张彬 . 变形镜热形变及其对光束质量的影响分析 [J ] . 中国激光 , 2015 , 42 ( 1 ): 45 - 53 .

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李娟 , 孙文军 , 孙京南 , 等 . 连续激光辐照GaAs材料损伤的数值模拟计算 [J ] . 光子学报 , 2012 , 41 ( 5 ): 571 - 574 .

LI J , SUN W J , SUN J N , et al. Numerical analysis of CW laser damage in GaAs [J ] . Acta Photonica Sinica , 2012 , 41 ( 5 ): 571 - 574 . (in Chinese)

夏盛强 , 蔡继兴 , 张潇允 , 等 . 毫秒-纳秒组合脉冲激光辐照熔石英的温度场应力场数值分析 [J ] . 红外与激光工程 , 2021 , 50 ( 增刊2 ): 46 - 54 .

XIA S Q , CAI J X , ZHANG X Y , et al. Numerical analysis of temperature field and stress field of fused silica irradiated by millisecond-nanosecond combined pulse laser [J ] . Infrared and Laser Engineering , 2021 , 50 ( S2 ): 46 - 54 . (in Chinese)

郭鑫 . 激光诱导薄膜的热致损伤分析与仿真 [D ] . 西安 : 西安工业大学 , 2018 .

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陈恒帅 , 朱艳丽 , 李伟 , 等 . 基于热传递仿真的热电池激活阶段热特性 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2022 , 43 ( 5 ): 1194 - 1200 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0271 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2021.0271 热电池激活依靠内部热源熔化绝缘固态电解质到高离子电导率熔融态。基于多物理场耦合分析软件（COMSOL）建立某热电池二维模型，进行激活阶段热传递仿真研究。以自定义热源函数模拟烟火系统放热过程，设置温度探针在电堆中部第7组单体电池及临近组件中，计算得到热电池温度分布、单体电池温度曲线和电解质熔化相变。以固态电解质熔化连接正负极作为热电池激活标志，预测最短激活时间，并对2个热电池进行激活测试以验证预测结果。建立引燃条内置式热电池模型以研究引燃条位置对激活时间的影响。研究结果表明：电堆端部温度较高，利于补偿放电期间的热耗散，集流片具有抵御热冲击的作用，探针温度短时维持在560 ℃；热电池激活时间预测值约为45 ms，实测值为42 ms和47 ms，表明模型和预测方法具有较高精度；引燃条内置式热电池激活时间缩短为30 ms。

CHEN H S , ZHU Y L , LI W , et al. Thermal characteristics of thermal batteries during activation based on heat transfer simulation [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2022 , 43 ( 5 ): 1194 - 1200 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0271 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2021.0271 The activation of a thermal battery (TB) depends on the internal heat source to melt insulating solid electrolyte to highly ionic conductive melten state. A 2D model of a thermal battery is developed to simulate the heat transfer during TB activation based on multiphysics coupling software COMSOL.The heat releasing process of a pyrotechnic system is simulated with the user-defined heat source function. The temperature probes are set in the seventh unit cell and adjacent components at the center of TB stack. Temperature distribution, temperature curves of unit cell, and melting phase change are calculated.The time when the solid electrolyte melts enough to connect the cathodes and anodes is taken as the symbol of TB's activation to predict the shortest activation time. Two TBs are tested to verify the predicted results. Furthermore, an igniting tape built-in TB model is developed to study the influence of igniting tape's position on the activation time. The results show that the temperatures at the ends of TB stack are higher to compensate for heat dissipation during discharge. The current collectors can withstand thermal impact. The probes maintain at 560 ℃ in a short time. The predicted activation time is about 45 ms, the test activation times are 42 ms and 47 ms，indicating the model and prediction method are of high accuracy. The activation time of the built-in TB reduces to 30 ms.

庆凌博 . 高能激光系统中铝合金表面铣削仿真及其洁净演化研究 [D ] . 哈尔滨 : 哈尔滨工业大学 , 2020 .

QING L B . Research on milling simulation and clean evolution of aluminum alloy surface in high energy laser system [D ] . Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology , 2020 . (in Chinese)

张思阳 . 基于信息调查的电力系统高压用户负荷建模研究 [D ] . 杭州 : 浙江大学 , 2023 .

ZHANG S Y . Research on load modeling for high-voltage consumers of power system based on information investigation [D ] . Hangzhou : Zhejiang University , 2023 . (in Chinese)

CHOW R , TAYLOR J , WU Z L . Absorptance behavior of optical coatings for high-average-power laser applications [J ] . Applied Optics , 2000 , 39 ( 4 ): 650 - 658 . A modified photothermal deformation technique is used to measure the absorptance behaviors of optical multilayered dielectric coatings for a high-power laser system. The surface thermal-lensing modification uses an enlarged probe beam to facilitate alignment of the laser beam and data acquisition. The coatings, both reflective and transmissive types, are made by a physical vapor-deposition process. Coating absorptances are observed to depend on the laser's exposure time and power density. Time-dependent absorptance defect models are proposed. Also, micrometer-sized sites of high absorptance and an area with physical damage can be found during the spatial scans. It is proposed that absorptance values reported for coatings in high-repetition-rate or cw-laser systems include time- and power-dependent behaviors in addition to other relevant irradiation parameters.