聂俊峰 , 陈行军 , 史红权 . 面向任务驱动的海上编队云作战体系动态超网络模型 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 11 ): 2513 - 2521 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.11.024 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.11.024 针对云作战新型作战模式，提出了基于作战任务域、逻辑功能域和资源实体域，以及情报侦察网、主动辅助决策网和火力打击网的海上编队云作战体系分析模型。抽象表征了海上编队云作战体系的功能节点、信息关系以及关联映射规则，建立了面向任务驱动的海上编队云作战体系动态超网络模型。面向超网络要素特征、超网络关联特征和超网络弹性特征构建了海上编队云作战体系动态超网络特征参数空间。通过海上编队防空典型作战任务对模型进行了仿真实现，并基于特征参数对仿真结果进行了对比分析。仿真结果表明，海上编队云作战体系动态超网络具有较好的鲁棒性和网络弹性，云作战体系相比于传统作战体系具有更好的抗毁性和打击效率，该方法能够科学有效地对海上编队云作战体系进行动态建模。

NIE J F , CHEN X J , SHI H Q . Dynamic super-network model of task-oriented naval fleet “cloud combat” system [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2021 , 42 ( 11 ): 2513 - 2521 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.11.024 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.11.024 For the new operation mode of “cloud combat”，a analysis model of naval fleet “cloud combat” system is proposed，which includes operational mission domain，logical function domain, resource entity domain， intelligence reconnaissance network，active assistant decision network and fire strike network. The functional nodes，information relations and association mapping rules of naval fleet “cloud combat” system are abstractly represented，and a dynamic super-network model of task-oriented naval fleet “cloud combat” system is constructed. The feature parameter space of dynamic super-network of naval fleet “cloud combat” system is constructed based on the features of super-network elements，super-network association and super-network elasticity. The model is simulated for the typical combat task of air defense. The simulated results demonstrate that the dynamic super-network of naval fleet “cloud combat” system has good robustness and network elasticity，and the “cloud combat” system has better invulnerability and attack efficiency compared to the traditional combat system. This method can solve the modeling problem of naval fleet “cloud combat” system scientifically and effectively.

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杨静 , 陆铭华 , 郭力强 , 等 . 不确定环境下潜艇综合防御鱼雷的作战决策分析与优化方法 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2024 , 45 ( 2 ): 564 - 573 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0651 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0651 针对潜艇综合防御决策时存在的目标类型不明、目标运动信息解算不明、对抗环境信息不明3类信息不确定问题,构建基于不确定信息的潜艇防御鱼雷组合优化框架,设计基于蒙特卡洛模拟的随机搜索优化模型,采用基于离散边界收缩的粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO)方法计算局部最优决策。建立战术对抗仿真模型对潜艇防御鱼雷策略进行选择与优化,针对不同鱼雷报警位置和行动策略,以安全余量作为评价标准,综合考虑3类不明条件下使用潜艇转向+定深规避与潜艇转向+使用水声器材防御两种策略,并结合PSO方法与过程仿真分别给出两类策略的选择边界条件及不同作战态势下的决策建议。防御效能分析结果表明:目标解算不收敛是最主要的防御行动影响因素,基于PSO方法的潜艇转向角度决策精度为±10°/20°;在相同的条件下,组合优化框架的决策加速比相比于传统搜索方法达到92~156,相比于并行计算方法达到10~16,在满足决策实时性的基础上可以为潜艇防御鱼雷争取更大的防御决策时间。

YANG J , LU M H , GUO L Q , et al. Operational decision analysis and optimization method of submarine integrate defense against torpedo in uncertain environment [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2024 , 45 ( 2 ): 564 - 573 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0651 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0651 There are three kinds of uncertain information, including unknown target, unknown target motion and unknown underwater environment, in submarine defense situation. A combined optimization framework based on uncertain information for making decisions of submarine defense against torpedoes is constructed. A random search optimization model based on Monte Carlo methods is designed, and then the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method based on discrete boundary contraction is used to calculate the local optimal decision instead of the best resolution. A tactical confrontation simulation model is established to select and optimize the submarine defense torpedo strategies. In details, for different torpedo alarm positions and action strategies, the two defense strategies, namely steering-diving and steering-bait under three types of uncertainty conditions, are comprehensively considered by taking “safety margin” as an evaluation standard. The selection boundaries of the two strategies and the decision-making suggestions under different combat situations are given, respectively. The experiment demonstrates that,the non-convergence of target solution is the most important factor affecting the defense action, and the decision-making accuracy of submarine steering angle based on PSO is ± 10 °/20 °; uder the same conditions, the acceleration ratio of the proposed framework can reach 92-156 compared with that of the traditional search method, and 10-16 compared with that of the parallel computing method. The proposed method could buy more time for decision making under the real-time requirements.

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万涛 , 大月博司 . 科技创新团队成员有限理性下的过程冲突博弈研究 [J ] . 系统工程理论与实践 , 2018 , 38 ( 10 ): 2629 - 2637 . DOI: 10.12011/1000-6788(2018)10-2629-09 http://doi.org/10.12011/1000-6788(2018)10-2629-09 由于科技创新团队成员个体的差异性，团队成员对于任务以及团队目标认知差异容易产生团队过程冲突.基于适度的过程冲突对团队协作较大的促进作用，研究构建了科技创新团队成员自身利益为博弈核心的过程冲突进化博弈模型，并对策略的进化稳定性进行分析（既保持适度的过程冲突）.研究结果表明：团队成员选择冲突的净收益大于选择合作的超额收益时，团队成员在长期进化学习的过程中，都会逐渐产生破坏性冲突（彼此不合作）；团队成员选择冲突的净收益小于选择合作的超额收益时，在成员长期的进化学习过程中，由于团队成员的有限理性，也无法借助博弈方成员的学习能力达到百分百的彼此合作，但是，通过对进化博弈结果中影响团队成员策略选择关键参数的调节，可以逐渐产生建设性冲突，达到使团队成员保持彼此合作的目的.

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赵利强 , 郭梦倩 , 唐水雄 , 等 . 基于有限理性约束的自适应人群疏散仿真模型 [J ] . 系统仿真学报 , 2022 , 34 ( 10 ): 2162 - 2170 . DOI: 10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-0472 http://doi.org/10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-0472 为有效提高人群拥堵时的疏散模拟精度，基于社会力模型和有限理性约束，提出一种自适应人群疏散仿真模型。该模型改进了传统社会力模型中行人自驱动力的期望方向和期望速度，对避障情况下行人的最优运动方向和速度进行自适应计算，同时引入有限理性路径决策机制，更为准确地描述行人在拥堵状态下的路径选择行为。结果表明：所提出的模型是可行有效的，行人的有限理性约束在人群密度较大的时候表现出疏散优势，更加符合真实情况下的人群疏散过程。

ZHAO L Q , GUO M Q , TANG S X , et al. Adaptive crowd evacuation simulation model based on bounded rationality constraints [J ] . Journal of System Simulation , 2022 , 34 ( 10 ): 2162 - 2170 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-0472 http://doi.org/10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-0472 To effectively improve the accuracy of evacuation simulation of a crowded environment, an adaptive crowd evacuation simulation model based on social force model and bounded rationality constraints is proposed. The desired direction and desired speed of the self-driving force that affects the pedestrian movement in the traditional social force model is improved. The adaptive calculation is used in the optimization of direction and speed of pedestrian in an obstacle avoidance situation. The rational route decision mechanism is proposed to describe the route selection behavior of pedestrians in a congested state more accurately. The results show that the proposed model is feasible and effective, in which the crowd evacuation process i s more consistent with the real situation, and the bounded rationality constraints of pedestrians shows advantages in the high crowd density environment.

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贺筱媛 , 郭圣明 , 吴琳 , 等 . 面向智能化兵棋的认知行为建模方法研究 [J ] . 系统仿真学报 , 2021 , 33 ( 9 ): 2037 - 2047 . DOI: 10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-0727 http://doi.org/10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-0727 针对智能化兵棋系统建设运用过程中的认知行为建模问题,提出一种基于角色-行动-场景(Actor-Operations-Scene, AOS)的指挥决策智能体认知行为建模框架,探索了场景知识图谱服务、智能态势认知、智能决策规划和自主综合控制等关键认知行为模型的实现思路和方法,为智能化兵棋系统建设及运用提供可行技术方案。

HE X Y , GUO S M , WU L , et al. Modeling research of cognition behavior for intelligent wargaming [J ] . Journal of System Simulation , 2021 , 33 ( 9 ): 2037 - 2047 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-0727 http://doi.org/10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-0727 Aiming at the problem of cognitive behavior modeling in the construction and application of intelligent wargaming system, <em>one modeling framework based on Actor-Operations-Scene (AOS) was proposed for C2 agent in wargaming. Then the realization of cognitive behavior modeling method for C2 agent was explored, including the modeling for the scenario oriented knowledge graph, intelligent situation awareness, operational planning, integrated operational control</em>. It provides a feasible scheme for the construction and application of intelligent wargaming system.

丁梦远 , 兰旭光 , 彭茹 , 等 . 机器推理的进展与展望 [J ] . 模式识别与人工智能 , 2021 , 34 ( 1 ): 1 - 13 . DOI: 10.16451/j.cnki.issn1003-6059.202101001 http://doi.org/10.16451/j.cnki.issn1003-6059.202101001 机器学习算法的发展仍受到泛化能力较弱、鲁棒性较差、缺乏可解释性等问题的限制.文中介绍机器推理,说明推理对于机器学习人的知识和逻辑、理解和解释世界的重要作用.首先分析人类大脑推理机制,从认知地图、神经元和奖赏回路,扩展到受脑启发的直觉推理、神经网络和强化学习.进而总结机器推理的方式及其相互关联的现状、进展及挑战,具体包括直觉推理、常识推理、因果推理和关系推理等.最后展望机器推理的应用前景与未来的研究方向.

DING M Y , LAN X G , PENG R , et al. Progress and prospect of machine reasoning [J ] . Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence , 2021 , 34 ( 1 ): 1 - 13 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16451/j.cnki.issn1003-6059.202101001 http://doi.org/10.16451/j.cnki.issn1003-6059.202101001 The development of machine learning algorithms are limited by the problems, such as weak generalization ability, poor robustness and lack of interpretability. In this paper, the important role of reasoning for machine learning human knowledge and logic, understanding and interpreting the world is illustrated. Firstly, the reasoning mechanism of the human brain is studied from cognitive maps, neurons and reward circuits, to brain-inspired intuitive reasoning, neural networks and reinforcement learning. Then, the current situation, progress and challenges of machine reasoning methods and their interrelationships are summarized, including intuitive reasoning, commonsense reasoning, causal reasoning and relational reasoning. Finally, the application prospects and future research directions of machine reasoning are analyzed.

吴桐 , 于广平 , 袁德成 , 等 . 基于案例推理的曝气过程智能控制方法 [J ] . 控制工程 , 2023 , 30 ( 11 ): 2041 - 2047 .

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万斯来 , 王国新 , 明振军 , 等 . 基于知识推理的杀伤网智能设计方法 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2024 , 45 ( 4 ): 1025 - 1037 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.1077 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.1077 针对现有杀伤网设计对人的经验依赖性强、智能化程度低的问题,提出一种基于知识推理的杀伤网智能设计方法。基于OODA循环理论构建作战任务-作战能力-武器装备多层级杀伤网本体,实现杀伤网设计静态知识建模;构建任务-能力-装备映射规则、装备协同规则和杀伤链协同规则3类杀伤网设计规则库,实现杀伤网设计动态知识建模;在静态知识和动态知识的基础上提出一个基于知识推理的杀伤网智能设计流程框架,同时定义了时间链、精度链和成本链3个杀伤链评估指标,以实现动态战场下的杀伤网快速智能设计。在某体系对抗仿真推演平台上,以防空反导作战体系执行典型防空反导任务为案例,验证了所提方法的有效性。

WAN S L , WANG G X , MING Z J , et al. Knowledge reasoning-based intelligent design method of kill-web [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2024 , 45 ( 4 ): 1025 - 1037 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.1077 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.1077 A knowledge reasoning-based intelligent design method of kill-web is proposed for the problems of strong dependence on human experience and low intelligence in the design of kill-web. Based on the OODA theory, a multi-level kill-web ontology including combat mission-combat capability-wWeapon equipment is constructed to model the static knowledge related to kill-web design. Three types of kill-web design rule bases, namely mission-capability-equipment mapping rule, equipment coordination rule and kill chain coordination rule, are constructed to model the dynamic knowledge related to kill-web design. Based on static knowledge and dynamic knowledge, a knowledge reasoning-based intelligent design process framework of kill-web is proposed, in which three kill-chain evaluation metrics of time, precision and cost are defined in order to quickly and intelligently design a kill-web in actual combat situations. Taking the air defense and anti-missile system of systems as an example the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on a simulation platform.

LIEBERMAN M D . Social cognitive neuroscience: a review of core processes [J ] . Annual Review of Psychology , 2007 , 58 : 259 - 289 . Social cognitive neuroscience examines social phenomena and processes using cognitive neuroscience research tools such as neuroimaging and neuropsychology. This review examines four broad areas of research within social cognitive neuroscience: (a) understanding others, (b) understanding oneself, (c) controlling oneself, and (d) the processes that occur at the interface of self and others. In addition, this review highlights two core-processing distinctions that can be neurocognitively identified across all of these domains. The distinction between automatic versus controlled processes has long been important to social psychological theory and can be dissociated in the neural regions contributing to social cognition. Alternatively, the differentiation between internally-focused processes that focus on one's own or another's mental interior and externally-focused processes that focus on one's own or another's visible features and actions is a new distinction. This latter distinction emerges from social cognitive neuroscience investigations rather than from existing psychological theories demonstrating that social cognitive neuroscience can both draw on and contribute to social psychological theory.