翟剑锋 , 戴劲松 , 王茂森 , 等 . 某高速自动机不同工作模式条件下断裂底火运动轨迹分析 [J ] . 兵工自动化 , 2021 , 40 ( 3 ): 90 - 96 .

ZHAI J F , DAI J S , WANG M S , et al . Trajectory analysis of broken primer under different working modes of certain type high-speed automatic gun [J ] . Ordnance Industry Automation , 2021 , 40 ( 3 ): 90 - 96 . (in Chinese)

戴劲松 , 王茂森 , 苏晓鹏 , 等 . 现代火炮自动机设计理论 [M ] . 北京 : 国防工业出版社 , 2018 .

DAI J S , WANG M S , SU X P , et al . Design theory of modern automatic cannon [M ] . Beijing : National Defense Industry Press , 2018 . (in Chinese)

翟啸雷 , 戴劲松 , 王茂森 , 等 . 某新型转膛自动机换向器的疲劳寿命分析 [J ] . 机械制造与自动化 , 2021 , 50 ( 4 ): 40 - 42 , 52.

ZHAI X L , DAI J S , WANG M S , et al . Fatigue life analysis of new type of revolving automaton commutator [J ] . Machine Building & Automation , 2021 , 50 ( 4 ): 40 - 42 , 52. (in Chinese)

易当祥 , 刘春和 , 吕国志 , 等 . 自行火炮行动系统关重件的疲劳寿命仿真 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2007 , 28 ( 2 ): 138 - 143 . 建立了某型自行火炮虚拟样机模型，仿真并获得了各典型行驶工况下行动系统关重件的载荷时间历程。以扭力轴为研究对象，对各单一工况下的二维随机扭矩载荷进行计数统计和分布检验，采用权系数法、概率密度推断法和最速下降法对载荷进行多工况的合成和扩展，获得了其全寿命里程二维设计谱。并通过有限元分析和名义应力法，运用MM(modified miner)法则和EM(elemental miner)法则对扭力轴进行材料疲劳特性修正和安全寿命预测，结果表明：MM法则更为合理一些，并认为扭力轴不萌生宏观裂纹的疲劳寿命为12 814 km．

YI D X , LIU C H , LÜ G Z , et al . Fatigue life simulation of key components of running gear for a self-propelled gun [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2007 , 28 ( 2 ): 138 - 143 . (in Chinese)

邓威 , 毛保全 , 冯帅 , 等 . 基于Kriging模型的武器站炮口扰动优化 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2016 , 37 ( 10 ): 1795 - 1802 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.10.005 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.10.005 炮口扰动是影响顶置武器站射击精度的重要因素。为研究抑制炮口扰动的技术途径，基于有限元理论建立顶置武器站刚柔耦合动力学模型，并通过射击精度试验验证了该模型的准确性。以炮口扰动综合函数为优化目标，构建顶置武器站炮口扰动优化设计模型，应用Kriging序列优化算法实现优化问题的求解。仿真结果表明，考虑部件柔性变形的有限元模型符合真实系统的振动特性，Kriging序列优化算法能够快速有效地用于武器站炮口扰动优化问题的求解。寻优得到的全局最优解，能使顶置武器站炮口扰动得到有效抑制。

DENG W , MAO B Q , FENG S , et al . Optimization of muzzle disturbance of overhead weapon station based on Kriging model [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2016 , 37 ( 10 ): 1795 - 1802 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.10.005 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.10.005 Muzzle disturbance is an important factor to affect the firing accuracy of overhead weapon station (OWS). In order to study the approach to inhibite the muzzle disturbance, an OWS rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model is established based on finite element theory, of which accuracy is verified by the firing accuracy test. The synthetic function of muzzle disturbance is defined as optimization objective to construct an optimization design model of OWS muzzle disturbance, and the Kriging sequential optimization method is used to solve the optimization problem. The simulated results show that the finite element model, considering the flexible deformation of parts, is a good approximation of the vibration characteristics of real system, and Kriging sequential optimization method can be applied to solve the optimization problems of OWS muzzle disturbance. The global optimal solutions searched in optimization problems can be used to suppress OWS muzzle disturbance.

LEE K D , KIM K Y . Surrogate based optimization of a laidback fan-shaped hole for film-cooling [J ] . International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow , 2011 , 32 ( 1 ): 226 - 238 .

苏伟 , 高正红 , 夏露 . 一种代理遗传算法及其在气动优化设计中的应用 [J ] . 西北工业大学学报 , 2008 ( 3 ): 303 - 307 .

SU W , GAO Z H , XIA L . An effective surrogate-assisted genetic algorithm for airfoil aerodynamic optimization design [J ] . Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University , 2008 ( 3 ): 303 - 307 . (in Chinese)

孟凡念 , 张子琦 , 苏晓龙 , 等 . 基于Kriging代理模型的离心通风机叶片优化 [J ] . 液压与气动 , 2023 , 47 ( 5 ): 85 - 91 . DOI: 10.11832/j.issn.1000-4858.2023.05.011 http://doi.org/10.11832/j.issn.1000-4858.2023.05.011 为了提高离心通风机的气动效率,进而实现节能减排和保护环境,提出了一种基于Kriging回归的代理模型用于离心通风机的气动优化。首先,通过拉丁超立方采样设置初始样本点,构建样本点对应下的离心通风机结构模型;进而用CFX软件计算其结构参数对应下的气动性能响应参数;其次,构建Kriging回归的代理模型用于表征初始样本点参数与气动性能响应参数间的耦合对应关系;最后把代理模型嵌入到智能优化算法中,并以气动效率最大为目标进行函数迭代寻优,进而寻得最佳的叶轮结构参数,优化后风机的工况效率从76%提高到80.9%,气动效率明显提高。

MENG F N , ZHANG Z Q , SU X L , et al . Centrifugal fan blade optimization based on Kriging surrogate model [J ] . Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics , 2023 , 47 ( 5 ): 85 - 91 . (in Chinese)

张纯 , 何君儒 , 周宇轩 , 等 . 基于深度神经网络代理模型的盾构隧道密封垫断面优化 [J ] . 工程力学 , 2023 ( 7 ): 137 - 144 .

ZHANG C , HE J R , ZHOU Y X , et al . Shield tunnel gasket section optimization based on deep neural network surrogate model [J ] . Engineering Mechanics , 2023 ( 7 ): 137 - 144 . (in Chinese)

谭添 . 某新型低后坐力自动机动态特性分析 [D ] . 南京 : 南京理工大学 , 2019 .

TAN T . The dynamic characteristic analysis of a new type low recoil automaton [D ] . Nanjing : Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 2019 . (in Chinese)

谭波 , 侯健 , 可学为 , 等 . 舰炮抽壳机构抽壳过程仿真分析 [J ] . 火炮发射与控制学报 , 2014 , 35 ( 4 ): 49 - 52 .

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罗海文 , 沈国慧 . 超高强高韧化钢的研究进展和展望 [J ] . 金属学报 , 2020 , 56 ( 4 ): 494 - 512 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00328 http://doi.org/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00328 超高强韧钢同时拥有超高强度和优良韧性，因而在国防和民用工程机械领域中广泛应用。本文首先综述了各类型传统超高强韧合金钢的典型钢种、成分、性能及应用和发展历程，并重点阐述了各典型钢种的组织和强韧化机理；然后介绍了近年所研发的具有代表性的新型超高强韧钢的成分、组织、强韧化机理及力学性能；接着梳理了我国近年来由于快速发展的经济需求和地理、资源等特点，出现了对现役超高强韧钢进行升级换代的迫切需求，包括新型轻质装甲防护钢、大型球磨机用钢、高山隧道挖掘的盾构机刃具用钢以及石油工程机械中的高压压裂泵用钢等；最后介绍了作者团队近期在超高强韧钢的一些最新研究成果，并据此提出超高强韧钢未来发展的思路。

LUO H W , SHEN G H . Progress and perspective of ultra-high strength steels having high toughness [J ] . Acta Metallurgica Sinica , 2020 , 56 ( 4 ): 494 - 512 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00328 http://doi.org/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00328 Ultra-high strength steels have been widely used in the critical engineering structures in both military and civilian applications due to the combination of ultra-high strength and excellent toughness. In this paper, firstly, the typical ultra-high strength steel grades that have been employed were introduced, and their compositions, mechanical properties, application and histories of development were summarized with the emphasis on their microstructures and strengthening/toughening mechanism; secondly, the latest progress on the emerging ultra-high strength steel grades was reviewed, including their compositions, microstructures, strengthening mechanism and mechanical properties; thirdly, the newly emerging demands on replacing the currently employed ultra-high strength steels in China were defined, including steels for low-density but ultra-strong armors, the large ball grinding mill, cutters of tunnel boring machine and high pressure fracturing pump; finally, recent research results on ultra-high strength and high-toughness medium Mn steel were presented, which overcame the trade-off of strength and toughness to a greater extent; on this basis, some suggestions were put forward for the future development of these steel grades to meet the urgent national demands.

张福明 , 路明 , 郝佳胜 . 发动机工况对缸盖低周疲劳影响分析与研究 [J ] . 内燃机与配件 , 2023 ( 4 ): 49 - 51 .

ZHANG F M , LU M , HAO J S . Analysis and research on the influence of engine condition on low cycle fatigue of cylinder head [J ] . Internal Combustion Engine & Parts , 2023 ( 4 ): 49 - 51 . (in Chinese)

SKIBICKI D , PEJKOWSKI U . Low-cycle multiaxial fatigue behaviour and fatigue life prediction for CuZn37 brass using the stress-strain models [J ] . International Journal of Fatigue , 2017 , 102 : 18 - 36 .

张发平 , 张书畅 , 武锴 , 等 . 基于代理模型进化的履带车辆动力学参数优化 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 1 ): 27 - 39 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0266 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0266 为解决履带车辆动力学优化过程因代理模型构建和应用的不足而导致的参数寻优精度和效率不高的问题，提出基于代理模型进化的参数优化方法，将优化迭代和代理模型动态构建相融合，来降低仿真模型调用次数和提高优化效率。根据车辆几何拓扑结构，构建考虑履带包络效应的车辆多体动力学模型；提出优化设计变量空间的3层子空间划分方法，以及具有空间聚焦、空间约简和跳出局部寻优的多级模糊聚类空间约简方法，实现设计参数在3层子空间的高效缩减。以履带车辆多体动力学模型参数优化过程为例进行应用验证。研究结果表明:在3种路况下的履带车辆多体动力学优化过程降低仿真模型调用次数最高可达85%;表征履带车辆行进特性的综合性能指标分别提升约32.4%、24.5%、20.4%。证明了新方法可有效提高动力学模型的优化效率和精度。

ZHANG F P , ZHANG S C , WU K , et al . Dynamics parameter optimization for tracked vehicle based on surrogate model evolution [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2023 , 44 ( 1 ): 27 - 39 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0266 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0266 To solve the problem of low precision and low efficiency in tracked vehicle dynamics optimization resulting from the weaknesses of traditional agent model construction and application, a parameter optimization method based on surrogate model evolution is proposed. It integrates the optimization iteration process with the dynamic construction process of the surrogate model to reduce the times of invoking the simulation model and hence improve the optimization efficiency. First, based on the vehicle's geometric topology, a multi-body dynamics model considering track envelope effect is constructed. Then, the design space is divided into three-level subspaces. A multi-level fuzzy clustering space reduction method with spatial focus and spatial reduction and not bounded by local optimization is proposed to efficiently reduce the design parameters in the three-level subspaces. Finally, the application is verified by taking the parameter optimization process of the tracked vehicle's multi-body dynamics model as an example. The results show that the multi-body dynamics optimization process of the tracked vehicle under three road conditions reduces the invoking times of simulation model by up to 85%; the comprehensive performance indexes representing tracked vehicle ride comfort and firing accuracy are increased by about 32.4%, 24.5% and 20.4%, respectively. It is proved that this method can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of dynamic model optimization.

徐杰 , 鲁海燕 , 赵金金 , 等 . 拉丁超立方抽样的自适应高斯小孔成像蝴蝶优化算法 [J ] . 计算机应用研究 , 2022 , 39 ( 9 ): 2701 - 2708 , 2751.

XU J , LU H Y , ZHAO J J , et al . Self-adaptive Gaussian keyhole imaging butterfly optimization algorithm based on Latin hypercube sampling [J ] . Application Research of Computers , 2022 , 39 ( 9 ): 2701 - 2708 , 2751. (in Chinese)

YANG X F , CHENG X , LIU Z Q , et al . A novel active learning method for profust reliability analysis based on the Kriging model [J ] . Engineering with Computers , 2021 , 38 : 3111 - 3124 .

毛星波 , 盛冬发 , 李忠君 , 等 . 基于Kriging-SBO算法的拱桥拱轴线优化设计 [J ] . 中山大学学报(自然科学版) , 2023 , 62 ( 4 ): 139 - 146 .

MAO X B , SHENG D F , LI Z J , et al . Arch bridge axis optimization design based on Kriging-SBO [J ] . Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni , 2023 , 62 ( 4 ): 139 - 146 . (in Chinese)

张建侠 , 马义中 , 欧阳林寒 , 等 . 基于Kriging模型的多点加点准则和并行代理优化算法 [J ] . 系统工程理论与实践 , 2020 , 40 ( 1 ): 251 - 261 . DOI: 10.12011/1000-6788-2018-0757-11 http://doi.org/10.12011/1000-6788-2018-0757-11 针对并行仿真环境下复杂工程系统的优化设计问题，提出一种基于Kriging模型、多目标策略和聚类方法的并行代理优化算法.该算法的多点加点准则，以同时优化期望改进准则和可行性概率准则为目标，首先生成兼具目标响应改进和可行域边界刻画功能的备选试验点集；再利用聚类方法从备选点集中选取多个有代表性的新试验点.通过两个数值算例和一个工程算例，将所提并行优化算法与已有算法做比较，结果表明所提算法具有更高的优化精度、效率和稳健性.

ZHANG J X , MA Y Z , OUYANG L H , et al . A multi-points infill sampling criterion and parallel surrogate-based optimization algorithm based on Kriging model [J ] . Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice , 2020 , 40 ( 1 ): 251 - 261 . (in Chinese)

孙泽刚 , 肖世德 , 王德华 , 等 . 液压滑阀V型节流槽气穴流仿真分析及结构优化研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2015 , 36 ( 2 ): 345 - 354 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2015.02.023 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2015.02.023 利用Fluent软件的mixture混合模型及RNG κ-ε湍流模型对液压滑阀V型节流槽气穴流动进行模拟分析。通过动网格分析发现V型节流槽在小开度及大开度情况下气穴发生的位置及大小均不同。通过模拟分析发现，结构参数中节流槽楔形角W、节流槽夹角D对节流槽气穴流动的影响明显。根据V型节流槽气穴模拟分析结果，以参数W、D为自变量，以V型节流槽气体体积分数最大值为目标值，以Gauss函数为相关函数，采用常数回归模型，分别得到在小开度及大开度情况下的Kriging代理模型。利用改进遗传算法对Kriging近似代理模型进行优化计算，得到的优化V型节流槽结构抑制气穴性能明显。

SUN Z G , XIAO S D , WANG D H , et al . Cavitation flow simulation and structural optimization of hydraulic spool value V-throttle groove [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2015 , 36 ( 2 ): 345 - 354 . (in Chinese)

薛小锋 , 王远卓 , 路成 . 基于改进Kriging模型的舰载机着舰下沉速度影响性分析研究 [J ] . 西北工业大学学报 , 2019 , 37 ( 2 ): 218 - 224 .

XUE X F , WANG Y Z , LU C . Sinking velocity compact-analysis of carrier-based aircraft based on improved Kriging model [J ] . Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University , 2019 , 37 ( 2 ): 218 - 224 . (in Chinese)

CUI D , WANG G Q , LU Y P , et al . Reliability design and optimization of the planetary gear by a GA based on the DEM and Kriging model [J ] . Reliability Engineering & System Safety , 2020 , 203 : 107074 .

WANG Y Q , LIU Y , MA X Y . Updated Kriging-assisted shape optimization of a gravity dam [J ] . Water , 2021 , 13 ( 1 ): 87 .

许耀峰 , 王军 , 刘朋科 , 等 . 不同持续射击发数对火炮身管寿命的影响 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 4 ): 1034 - 1040 .

XU Y F , WANG J , LIU P K , et al . Influence of different numbers of rounds under continuous firing on gun barrel life [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2023 , 44 ( 4 ): 1034 - 1040 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0852 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2021.0852 The artillery is used with different charges of different types of ammunition (strong charge, full charge, reduced charge, high temperature charge, etc.), and have to undergo rapid continuous firing and performance test firing. It is necessary to study the impact of different charges of different types of ammunition and the number of rounds under rapid continuous firing on the barrel life. At present, for the assessment of barrel life, the method used is mainly to convert the number of projectiles of different types of ammunition into that of standard ammunition or standard ammunition with a specified ratio through the equivalent conversion factor in the national military standard. The existing national military standard equivalent conversion method for barrel life only includes two factors, chamber pressure and muzzle velocity, and does not consider the impact of rate of fire and number of rounds on barrel life, which makes it impossible to effectively evaluate barrel life under different numbers of rounds under continuous firing. The thermochemical ablation model of barrel material is established based on the Arrhenius equation. The influence of different numbers of rounds under continuous firing on the barrel life is studied. The larger the number of rounds under continuous firing, the shorter the barrel life. The accuracy of the thermochemical ablation model is verified by comparing the simulation and test results.

黄进峰 , 张津 , 陈俊宇 , 等 . 火炮身管失效机理与炮钢的发展 [J ] . 火炮发射与控制学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 1 ): 10 - 18 , 29.

HUANG J F , ZHANG J , CHEN J Y , et al . Failure Mechanisms of gun barrels and the development of gun steel [J ] . Journal of Gun Launch & Control , 2023 , 44 ( 1 ): 10 - 18 , 29. (in Chinese)