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RYAN S , KANDANAARACHCHI S , SMITH-MILES K . Support vector machines for characterizing Whipple shield performance [J ] . Procedia Engineering , 2015 , 103 : 522 - 529 . DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.068 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.068 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877705815007420 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877705815007420

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熊秋鹏 . 基于神经网络技术的空间碎片损伤模式识别研究 [D ] . 哈尔滨 : 哈尔滨工业大学 , 2012 .

XIONG Q P . Research on space debris damage pattern recognition based on neural network technology [D ] . Harb in:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2012 . (in Chinese)

张帅 . 弹丸侵彻钢筋混凝土多层靶板的数值模拟分析 [D ] . 南京 : 南京理工大学 . 2017 .

ZHANG S . Numerical simulation analysis of projectile penetration into reinforced concrete multilayer target slab [D ] . Nanjing : Nanjing University of Science & Technology . 2017 . (in Chinese)

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李建光 , 李永池 , 王玉兰 . 人工神经网络在弹体侵彻混凝土深度中的应用 [J ] . 中国工程科学 , 2007 , 9 ( 8 ): 77 - 81 .

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KILIÇ N , EKICI B , HARTOMACIOĞLU S . Determination of penetration depth at high velocity impact using finite element method and artificial neural network tools [J ] . Defence Technology , 2015 , 11 ( 2 ): 110 - 122 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2014.12.001 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2014.12.001 Determination of ballistic performance of an armor solution is a complicated task and evolved significantly with the application of finite element methods (FEM) in this research field. The traditional armor design studies performed with FEM requires sophisticated procedures and intensive computational effort, therefore simpler and accurate numerical approaches are always worthwhile to decrease armor development time. This study aims to apply a hybrid method using FEM simulation and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis to approximate ballistic limit thickness for armor steels. To achieve this objective, a predictive model based on the artificial neural networks is developed to determine ballistic resistance of high hardness armor steels against 7.62 mm armor piercing ammunition. In this methodology, the FEM simulations are used to create training cases for Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) three layer networks. In order to validate FE simulation methodology, ballistic shot tests on 20 mm thickness target were performed according to standard Stanag 4569. Afterwards, the successfully trained ANN(s) is used to predict the ballistic limit thickness of 500 HB high hardness steel armor. Results show that even with limited number of data, FEM-ANN approach can be used to predict ballistic penetration depth with adequate accuracy. © 2015 China Ordnance Society

AUTEN S J R , HAMMELL II R J . Comparing the prediction capabilities of an artificial neural network vs a phenomenological model for predicting the terminal ballistics of kinetic energy projectiles [C ] //Proceedings of the Conference on Information Systems Applied Research. Wilmington, NC , US : Information Systems & Computing Academic Professionals , 2015 .

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GONZALEZ-CARRASCO I , GARCIA-CRESPO A , RUIZ-MEZCUA B , et al . A neural network—based methodology for the recreation of high-speed impacts on metal armours [J ] . Neural Computing and Applications , 2012 , 21 ( 1 ): 91 - 107 . DOI: 10.1007/s00521-011-0635-1 http://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-011-0635-1 http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00521-011-0635-1 http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00521-011-0635-1

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张磊 , 吴昊 , 赵强 , 等 . 基于数据挖掘技术的地下工程目标毁伤效应计算方法 [J ] . 爆炸与冲击 , 2021 , 41 ( 3 ): 4 - 13 .

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THOMPSON S , TEIXEIRA-DIAS F , PAULINO M , et al . Ballistic response of armour plates using generative adversarial networks [J ] . Defence Technology , 2022 , 18 ( 9 ): 1513 - 1522 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2021.08.001 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2021.08.001 It is important to understand how ballistic materials respond to impact from projectiles such that informed decisions can be made in the design process of protective armour systems. Ballistic testing is a standards-based process where materials are tested to determine whether they meet protection, safety and performance criteria. For the V50 ballistic test, projectiles are fired at different velocities to determine a key design parameter known as the ballistic limit velocity (BLV), the velocity above which projectiles perforate the target. These tests, however, are destructive by nature and as such there can be considerable associated costs, especially when studying complex armour materials and systems. This study proposes a unique solution to the problem using a recent class of machine learning system known as the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). The GAN can be used to generate new ballistic samples as opposed to performing additional destructive experiments. A GAN network architecture is tested and trained on three different ballistic data sets, and their performance is compared. The trained networks were able to successfully produce ballistic curves with an overall RMSE of between 10 and 20 % and predicted the V50 BLV in each case with an error of less than 5 %. The results demonstrate that it is possible to train generative networks on a limited number of ballistic samples and use the trained network to generate many new samples representative of the data that it was trained on. The paper spotlights the benefits that generative networks can bring to ballistic applications and provides an alternative to expensive testing during the early stages of the design process. © 2021 China Ordnance Society

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吴昊 , 方秦 , 龚自明 . HSFRC靶体的弹体侵彻试验与理论分析 [J ] . 弹道学报 , 2012 , 24 ( 3 ): 19 - 24 ,53.

WU H , FANG Q , GONG Z M . Experiments and theoretical analyses on HSFRC target under the impact of rigid projectile [J ] . Journal of Ballistics , 2012 , 24 ( 3 ): 19 - 24 ,53. (in Chinese) To study the anti-penetration performances of the high-strength fiber reinforced concrete(HSFRC),the field penetration tests and theoretical analyses on high-strength steel-fiber reinforced concrete(HSSFRC)and high-strength polypropylene-fiber reinforced concrete(HSPFRC)targets hit by two different nosed kinetic-energy penetrators were carried out,respectively.Considering the friction drag between projectile and target and the shape variation of warhead,the calculating formula of penetration depth of concrete target and penetration test-data were presented.The expressions of high strength concrete target strength-parameter were obtained and validated by the penetration tests,which broadened the application range of classic FORRESTAL formula(less than 100 MPa).Compared with the calculation results and tests data,the proposed formula and approaches for the prediction of depth of penetration(DOP) of HSFRC target have wider application range and higher prediction accuracy than FORRESTAL formula.

KATAOKA S , BEPPU M , ICHINO H , et al . Failure behavior of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to moderate-velocity impact by a steel projectile [J ] . International Journal of Protective Structures , 2017 , 8 ( 3 ): 384 - 406 . DOI: 10.1177/2041419617721550 http://doi.org/10.1177/2041419617721550 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2041419617721550 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2041419617721550 This study investigates the failure characteristics of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to moderate-velocity impacts by conducting impact tests and numerical simulations. In a series of tests, a spherical steel projectile with a mass of 8.3 kg and a diameter of 80 mm is collided with an reinforced concrete slab at an impact velocity of 65–90 m/s. To investigate the failure characteristics of the reinforced concrete slab, impact motion of the projectile, reaction force, and strain–time history on the back surface and reinforcing bars of the reinforced concrete slab were measured. Failure modes obtained experimentally were compared with the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry formula proposed for the local damage of reinforced concrete slabs. Test results revealed that a circular scabbing crack on the back surface of the reinforced concrete slab was completed while there is a sharp increase in the reaction force. Numerical simulations using a high-fidelity concrete model reasonably reproduced the failure characteristics of an reinforced concrete slab. Numerical results demonstrated that the scabbing failure of an reinforced concrete slab subjected to a moderate-velocity impact was initiated by the penetration of the projectile and was completed during the reaction force response.

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魏伟 , 张竞文 , 常思江 , 等 . 基于Sobol和EFAST法的枪弹转动角速度全局灵敏度仿真分析 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2022 , 43 ( 9 ): 2408 - 2416 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0546 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0546 为开展外弹道测试、动力学特性研究等需要，经常在枪弹外部安装各种用于飞行状态测量的装置。由于枪弹在发射及飞行中的状态受到各种随机因素的干扰，直接影响测量输出。为更好地开展试验设计及相关数据处理工作，采用姿态测量装置测量枪弹转动角速度的方案，以5自由度刚体弹道方程组为基础，采用基于蒙特卡洛打靶的Sobol全局灵敏度分析方法和傅里叶幅值灵敏度检验扩展法（EFAST），就姿态测量的输出对初速跳动、起始扰动等因素的敏感程度开展定量研究。定量分析结果表明：1)初速和初始攻角对姿态测量装置沿弹体径向的输出影响较大，初速对姿态测量装置轴向输出的影响较大；2)Sobol法和EFAST法均可定量分析参数对输出变量的贡献率，但EFAST法的计算更为稳健、高效。

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LUO C K , CHEN Y X , ZHANG Z G , et al . Sensitivity analysis on influencing factor s of fighter’s demand based on Sobol’ method [J ] . Fire Control & Command Control , 2016 , 41 ( 10 ): 122 - 125 ,129. (in Chinese)