王在成 , 李姝妍 , 姜春兰 , 等 . 高Al 含量PTFE基材料爆炸冲击压缩特性及反应行为 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2021 , 41 ( 4 ): 356 - 363 .

WANG Z C , LI S Y , JIANG C L , et al . Impact compression characteristics and reaction behavior of high Al content PTFE based materials under explosive loading [J ] . Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology , 2021 , 41 ( 4 ): 356 - 363 . (in Chinese)

HASTINGS D L , HASTINGS D L , DREIZIN E L . Reactive structural materials: preparation and characterization [J ] . Advanced Engineering Materials , 2017 , 20 ( 3 ): 1700631 . DOI: 10.1002/adem.v20.3 http://doi.org/10.1002/adem.v20.3 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15272648/20/3 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15272648/20/3

李鑫 , 王伟力 , 梁争峰 , 等 . 复合结构活性破片对双层靶标毁伤效应 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 4 ): 764 - 772 .

LI X , WANG W L , LIANG Z F , et al . Damage effect of composite structural reactive fragments on double-layer targets [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2021 , 42 ( 4 ): 764 - 772 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.04.010 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.04.010 It is of great significance to study the damage power of reactive fragments which can withstand the loading of explosive. The damage effect of Al/PTFE composite structural reactive fragments on the different types of double-layer targets is studied through the loading experiment with 14.5 mm ballistic gun. The empiricial formulas of penetration diameter in front layer plate and expanding perforation area on rear layer plate were established using multiple regression analysis. The results show that the penetration diameter in front layer steel or aluminum plate increases with the rising of impact velocity and target thickness in the range of 800-1 400 m/s. The penetration diameters in the steel, aluminum and carbon fiber composite plates are 1.25-1.62 times, 1.08-1.42 times and 1.13 times of fragment diameter, respectively. Expanding and tearing damages are caused to the rear layer aluminum plate or the carbon fiber composite plate by the ractive fragments. The expanding perforation area increases with the increase in front layer target strength and impact velocity, and the delamination of carbon fiber and resin matrix for the back of carbon fiber composite plate should be considered in damage assessment. The empiricial formulas were proved to be accurate and reliable, and the relative error was controlled within 5% through experiment.

罗普光 . 钨锆含能破片冲击反应特性及其对屏蔽炸药的毁伤研究 [D ] . 北京 : 北京理工大学 , 2017 .

LUO P G . Study on impact-initiated characters of W/Zr energetic fragments and damage effect to shielded explosives [D ] . Beijing : Beijing Institute of Technology , 2017 . (in Chinese)

徐光泽 . 活性毁伤元冲击释能特性及毁伤效应研究 [D ] . 北京 : 军事科学院 , 2021 .

XU G Z . Study on impact energy release characteristics and damage effect of reactive damage element [D ] . Beijing : Academy of Military Sciences , 2021 . (in Chinese)

REN H L , LIU X , NING J G . Microstructure and mechanical properties of W-Zr reactive materials [J ] . Materials Science & Engineering A , 2016 ( 660 ): 205 - 212 .

罗普光 , 毛亮 , 魏晨杨 , 等 . 锆基非晶活性材料动态力学性能及本构关系 [J ] . 含能材料 , 2021 , 29 ( 12 ): 1176 - 1181 .

LUO P G , MAO L , WEI C Y , et al . Dynamic mechanical properties and constitutive relations of Zr-based amorphous reactive material [J ] . Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials , 2021 , 29 ( 12 ): 1176 - 1181 . (in Chinese)

WANG L Y , JIANG J W , LI M , et al . Improving the damage potential of W-Zr reactive structure material under extreme loading condition [J ] . Defence Technology , 2021 , 17 ( 2 ): 467 - 477 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2020.03.001 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2020.03.001 Projectiles made of reactive structure materials (RSM) can damage the target with not only kinetic but also chemical energy, but the enhanced damage potential of RSM may become compromised if extreme loading condition disintegrates the projectile before the target is reached. In this work, a ductile coating of Ni was introduced to a tungsten-zirconium (W-Zr) alloy, a typical brittle RSM, to preserve the damage potential of the projectile. Detonation driving tests were carried out with X-ray photography and gunpowder deflagration driving tests were carried out with high-speed photography for the coated and uncoated RSM samples, respectively. The craters on the witness target were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The Ni coating was found to effectively preserve the damage potential of the W-Zr alloy under extreme loading conditions, whereas the uncoated sample fractured and ignited before impacting the target in both detonation and deflagration driving. The crack propagation between the reactively brittle core and the ductile coating was analyzed based on the crack arrest theory to mechanistically demonstrate how the coating improves the structural integrity and preserves the damage potential of the projectile. Specifically, the Ni coating envelops the W-Zr core until the coated sphere penetrates the target, and the coating is then eroded and worn to release the reactive core for the projectile to damage the target more intensively. © 2020 The Authors

XING L , LIU X L , CAO Z M , et al . Effect of increasing Ti content on the phase, interface, dynamic mechanical properties and ballistic performance of W-Ti-Zr alloys [J ] . Materials Science and Engineering: A , 2022 , 831 : 142196 . DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.142196 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.142196 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092150932101460X https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092150932101460X

李梅 , 王璐瑶 , 蒋建伟 . 典型反应性合金冲击释能量及耦合毁伤能力对比 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 9 ): 1867 - 1876 .

LI M , WANG L Y , JIANG J W , Comparison of released energy and coupling damageability of typical reactive alloy under high-speed impact on target [J ] . Acta Armamentarii: 2021 , 42 ( 9 ): 1867 - 1876 . (in Chinese)

余庆波 , 周晟 , 张甲浩 , 等 . 金属基活性破片侵彻间隔铝靶作用行为 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 8 ): 2263 - 2272 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0232 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0232 为揭示活性破片穿靶毁伤机理,研究活性破片靶后碎片云与毁伤效应行为,开展了金属基活性破片侵彻间隔铝靶弹道枪实验。通过观察间隔铝靶穿孔模式与弹靶作用行为高速摄像,结合破片侵靶破碎理论、能量守恒定律和活性破片激活响应行为,分析活性破片侵彻间隔铝靶作用行为。研究结果表明:球形活性破片侵彻间隔铝靶时,对前靶造成冲塞毁伤,靶后形成碎片云对后靶造成动能-化学能耦合毁伤,后靶毁伤主要呈现为中心贯穿和碎片撞击复合模式,活性破片激活程度随碰撞速度增加呈增大趋势:建立了活性破片靶后碎片云理论模型,获得了碎片云演化规律,在不同碰撞速度下,临界贯穿孔径位置处的单位碎片动能与单位反应质量呈负相关关系。

YU Q B , ZHOU S , ZHANG J H , et al . Behavior of metal-based reactive fragments penetrating spaced aluminum targets [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2023 , 44 ( 8 ): 2263 - 2272 . (in Chinese)

SI S P , HE C , LIU S , et al . Influence of impact velocity on impact-initiated reaction behavior of Zr-Ti-Nb alloy [J ] . Materials & Design , 2022 , 220 : 110846 .

YU Q B , ZHANG J H , ZHAO H W , et al . Behind-plate over pressure effect of steel-encased reactive material projectile impacting thin aluminum plate [J ] . Defence technology , 2021 , 18 ( 5 ): 723 - 734 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2021.03.022 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2021.03.022 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214914721000489 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214914721000489

彭军 , 袁宝慧 , 孙兴昀 , 等 . 立方形钨破片穿甲效应的数值模拟与试验 [J ] . 爆破器材 , 2017 , 46 ( 5 ): 23 - 28 .

PENG J , YUAN B H , SUN X Y , et al . Numerical simulation and experiment for penetrating performance of cubic tungsten fragment [J ] . Explosive Materials , 2017 , 46 ( 5 ): 23 - 28 . (in Chinese)

SWAN C C , KOSAKA I . Voigt-reuss topology optimization for structures with nonlinear material behaviors [J ] . International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering , 1997 , 40 ( 20 ): 3785 - 3814 . DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0207 http://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0207 http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/%28ISSN%291097-0207 http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/%28ISSN%291097-0207

何源 . 含能破片作用机制及其毁伤效应实验研究 [D ] . 南京 : 南京理工大学 , 2011 .

HE Y . Study on action mechanism of energetic fragments and damage effect of experiment [D ] . Nanjing : Nanjing University of Science & Technology , 2011 . (in Chinese)

LUO P G , WANG Z C , JIANG C L . Experimental study on impact-initiated characters of W/Zr energetic fragments [J ] . Materials and Design , 2015 , 84 : 72 - 78 . DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.107 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.107 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264127515004578 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264127515004578

NIKNEJAD A , ZAREEI A . Ballistic limit velocity of empty rectangular metal columns under a blunt projectile penetration [J ] . The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Application , Methodology, Technology , 2016 , 13 ( 1 ): 119 - 131 .

GRADY D E . Local inertial effects in dynamic fragmentation [J ] . Applied Physics , 1982 , 53 ( 1 ): 322 - 325 .

牟金磊 , 朱锡 , 黄晓明 , 等 . 水下近场非接触爆炸作用下固支方板破口计算 [J ] . 振动与冲击 , 2011 , 30 ( 1 ): 37 - 39 , 55.

MOU J L , ZHU X , HUANG X M , et al . Crevasse computation for a clamped square plate subjected to near-field noncontact underwater explosion [J ] . Journal of Vibration and Shock , 2011 , 30 ( 1 ): 37 - 39 ,55. (in Chinese)

RAJENDRAN R , NARASIMHAN K . Damage prediction of clamped circular plate subjected to contact under-water explosion [J ] . International Journal of Impact Engineering , 2001 , 25 ( 4 ): 373 - 386 . DOI: 10.1016/S0734-743X(00)00051-8 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-743X(00)00051-8 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X00000518 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X00000518

朱锡 , 冯文山 . 低速锥头弹丸对薄板穿孔的破坏模式研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 1997 , 18 ( 1 ): 27 - 32 .

ZHU X , FENG W S . Study on the failure mode of low speed conical head projectile piercing thin plate [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 1997 , 18 ( 1 ): 27 - 32 . (in Chinese)

龙仁荣 . 超高速碰撞多层板结构的碎片云及其破坏效应 [D ] . 北京 : 北京理工大学 , 2007 .

LONG R Y . Description and damage effects of debris cloud formed by impact of hypervelocity projectile on multi-plate structure [D ] . Beijing : Beijing Institute of Technology , 2007 . (in Chinese)