GURGEN S , KUSHAN M C , LI W H . Shear thickening fluids in protective applications: a review [J ] . Progress in Polymer Science , 2017 , 75 : 48 - 72 . DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.07.003 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.07.003 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0079670017300035 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0079670017300035

胡年明 , 陈长海 , 朱锡 , 等 . 陶瓷与芳纶层合板叠层结构抗侵彻性能试验研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2018 , 39 ( 5 ): 976 - 982 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.05.018 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.05.018 为了研究陶瓷与芳纶层合板叠层结构在中高速弹丸侵彻作用下，陶瓷面板对芳纶层合板抗侵彻性能的影响，开展了13.5 g破片模拟弹丸以中高速冲击8 mm厚芳纶板、16 mm厚芳纶板、3 mm厚SiC陶瓷+8 mm厚芳纶板、3 mm厚Al₂O₃陶瓷+8 mm厚芳纶板4种靶板的抗侵彻性能试验。分析了有无前置陶瓷板，芳纶板受到冲击作用后，弹丸及芳纶板变形模式的差异、靶板单位面密度吸能的区别。研究结果表明：前置陶瓷板情况下，弹丸变形较大并伴随着质量磨蚀；前置陶瓷板降低了芳纶板的剪切破坏程度，增加了拉伸变形和层间分层范围；前置陶瓷结构相对于纯芳纶结构在弹速较高时抗侵彻能力较强。

HU N M , CHEN C H , ZHU X , et al . Experimental research on anti-penetration performance of stacked structure of ceramic/Kevlar composite laminates [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2018 , 39 ( 5 ): 976 - 982 . (in Chinese)

SOCKALINGAM S , CHOWSHURY S C , GILLESPIE J W , et al . Recent advances in modeling and experiments of Kevlar ballistic fibrils, fibers, yarns and flexible woven textile fabrics—a review [J ] . Textile Research Journal , 2017 , 87 ( 8 ): 984 - 1010 . DOI: 10.1177/0040517516646039 http://doi.org/10.1177/0040517516646039 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0040517516646039 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0040517516646039 Ballistic impact onto flexible woven textile fabrics is a complicated multi-scale problem given the structural hierarchy of the materials, anisotropic material behavior, projectile geometry–fabric interactions, impact velocity and boundary conditions. Although this subject has been an active area of research for decades, the fundamental mechanisms, such as material failure, dynamic response and multi-axial loading occurring at the lower length scales during impact, are not well understood. This paper reviews the recent advances in modeling and experiments of Kevlar ballistic fibrils, fibers, yarns and flexible woven textile fabrics pertinent to the deformation modes occurring during impact and serves to identify topics worthy of further investigation that will advance the basic understanding of the phenomena governing transverse impact. This review also explores aspects such as homogeneous versus heterogeneous behavior of yarns consisting of individual fibers and the inelastic transverse behavior of the fiber, which is not considered in the previous review papers on this topic.

CAO S S , CHEN Q , WANG Y P , et al . High strain-rate dynamic mechanical properties of Kevlar fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid [J ] . Composites Part A , 2017 , 100 : 161 - 169 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.04.015 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.04.015 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X17301641 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X17301641

HASANZADEH M , MOTTAGHITALAB V , BABAEI H , et al . The influence of carbon nanotubes on quasi-static puncture resistance and yarn pull-out behavior of shear-thickening fluids (STFs) impregnated woven fabrics [J ] . Composites Part A , 2016 , 88 : 263 - 271 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.06.006 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.06.006 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X16301841 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X16301841

HWANG H S , MALAKOOTI M H , PATTERSON B A , et al . Increased interyarn friction through ZnO nanowire arrays grown on aramid fabric [J ] . Composites Science & Technology , 2015 , 107 : 75 - 81 .

NASSER J , STEINKE K , GROO L A , et al . Improved interyarn friction, impact response, and stab resistance of surface fibrilized aramid fabric [J ] . Advanced Materials Interfaces , 2019 , 6 : 1900881 . DOI: 10.1002/admi.v6.19 http://doi.org/10.1002/admi.v6.19 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/21967350/6/19 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/21967350/6/19

ARORA S , MAJUMDAR A , BUTOLA B S . Deciphering the structure-induced impact response of ZnO nanorod grafted UHMWPE woven fabrics [J ] . Thin-Walled Structures , 156 : 106991 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2020.106991 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.106991 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263823120308673 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263823120308673

HWANG H S , MALAKOOTI M H , SODANA H A , et al . Tailored interyarn friction in aramid fabrics through morphology control of surface grown ZnO nanowires [J ] . Composites Part A: Applied Science & Manufacturing , 2015 , 76 : 326 - 333 .

DIXIT P , GHOSH A , MAJUMDAR A . Hybrid approach for augmenting the impact resistance of p-aramid fabrics: grafting of ZnO nanorods and impregnation of shear thickening fluid [J ] . Journal of Materials Science , 2019 , 54 ( 20 ): 13106 - 13117 . DOI: 10.1007/s10853-019-03830-z http://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03830-z

PARK Y , KIM Y H , BALUCH A H , et al . Numerical simulation and empirical comparison of the high velocity impact of STF impregnated Kevlar fabric using friction effects [J ] . Composite structures , 2015 , 125 : 520 - 529 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.02.041 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.02.041 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263822315001208 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263822315001208

LIU L L , CAI M , LUO G , et al . Macroscopic numerical simulation method of multi-phases STF impregnated Kevlar fabrics. Part 1: Quasi-static and dynamic mechanical test [J ] . Composite structures , 2021 , 266 : 113780 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113780 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113780 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263822321002415 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263822321002415

ZHANG X T , YAN R S , ZHANG Q Y , et al . The numerical simulation of the mechanical failure behavior of shear thickening fluid/fiber composites: a review [J ] . Polymers Advanced Technologies , 2022 , 33 ( 1 ): 20 - 33 . DOI: 10.1002/pat.v33.1 http://doi.org/10.1002/pat.v33.1 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/10991581/33/1 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/10991581/33/1

KHODADADI A , LIAGHAT G H , SABET A R , et al . Experimental and numerical analysis of penetration into Kevlar fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluid [J ] . Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials , 2018 , 31 ( 3 ): 392 - 407 . DOI: 10.1177/0892705717704485 http://doi.org/10.1177/0892705717704485 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0892705717704485 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0892705717704485 This study presents the high-velocity impact performance of a composite material composed of woven Kevlar fabric impregnated with a colloidal shear thickening fluids (STFs). Although the precise role of the STF in the high-velocity defeat, process is not exactly known but it is suspected to be due to the increased frictional interaction between yarns in impregnated fabrics. In order to explore the mechanism of this enhanced energy absorption, high-velocity impact test was conducted on neat, impregnated fabric and also on pure STF without fabric. A finite element model has been carried out to consider the effect of STF impregnation on the ballistic performance. For this purpose, fabric was modeled using LS-DYNA by employing the experimental results of yarn pull-out tests to characterize the frictional behavior of the STF impregnated fabric. The simulation result is a proof that the increased performance for STF impregnated Kevlar fabric is due to the increased friction.

CAO S S , PANG H M , ZHAO C Y , et al . The CNT/PSt-EA/Kevlar composite with excellent ballistic performance [J ] . Composites Part B: Engineering , 2020 , 185 : 107793 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107793 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107793 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359836819326009 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359836819326009

LIU L L , YANG Z Z , LIU X , et al . Yarn dynamic tensile behavior and meso-scale numerical simulation method for STF-Kevlar fabrics [J ] . Thin-Walled Structures , 2020 , 159 ( 1 ): 107319 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2020.107319 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.107319 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S026382312031185X https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S026382312031185X

STEINKE K , SODANO H A . Improved inter-yarn friction and ballistic impact performance of zinc oxide nanowire coated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) [J ] . Polymer , 231 : 124125 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124125 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124125 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0032386121007485 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0032386121007485

MALAKOOTI M H , HWANG H S , GOULBOURNE N C , et al . Role of ZnO nanowire arrays on the impact response of aramid fabrics [J ] . Composites Part B: Engineering , 2017 , 127 : 222 - 231 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.05.084 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.05.084 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359836817301476 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359836817301476

CHU Y , RAHMAN M R , MIN S , et al . Experimental and numerical study of inter-yarn friction affecting mechanism on ballistic performance of twaron fabric [J ] . Mechanics of Materials , 2020 , 148 : 103421 . DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103421 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103421 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167663620301034 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167663620301034

ABHIJIT M , BHUPENDRA S B , NIKITA A , et al . Improving the mechanical properties of p-aramid fabrics and composites by developing ZnO nanostructures [J ] . Polymer Composites , 2018 , 39 ( 9 ): 3300 - 3306 . DOI: 10.1002/pc.v39.9 http://doi.org/10.1002/pc.v39.9 https://4spepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15480569/39/9 https://4spepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15480569/39/9

RUSSELL B P , KARTHIKEYAN K , DESHPANDE V S , et al . The high strain rate response of ultra high molecular-weight polyethylene: from fibre to laminate [J ] . International Journal of Impact Engineering , 2013 , 60 : 1 - 9 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.03.010 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.03.010 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X13000742 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X13000742

解亚宸 , 黄广炎 , 张宏 , 等 . UHMWPE纤维二维织物抗弹道冲击性能 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2022 , 43 ( 9 ): 2152 - 2163 .

XIE Y C , HUANG G Y , ZHANG H , et al . Ballistic performance of two-dimensional UHMWPE fabric [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2022 , 43 ( 9 ): 2152 - 2163 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0648 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2021.0648 Due to its high modulus, high strength, and low density, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) fabric is widely applied in explosive fragment protection. Based on the results of ballistic tests performed on UHMWPE two-dimensional (2D) woven fabric, a numerical mesoscale model is initially developed using the Abaqus finite element analysis method. The fabric size and boundary fixing methods are considered in the mesoscale model. At the same time, ballistic tests are carried out as a foundation for numerical simulation. Since the smaller fabric size influences the ballistic performance of 2D woven fabric and the increase in fabric size leads to higher calculation costs, a meso-macro hybrid scale model is established. This modified model has a higher calculation efficiency and its numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The ballistic performance of the fabric under the impact of projectiles with different head shapes of heads (flat, sharp, or hemispherical) is studied and compared with the experimental results by using the meso-macro hybrid scale model. The ballistic limit and the fabric failure are characterization parameters used to measure the ballistic performance. It is concluded that the 2D woven fabric has the best impact resistance against flat-nose projectile. Under low-velocity impacts below 100 m/s, the impact resistance against sharp-nose projectiles is better than that against hemisphere-nose ones. Under high-speed impacts above 100 m/s, the impact resistance against hemisphere-nose projectiles is better than that against sharp-nose projectiles.

SERETIS G V , THEODORAKOPOULOS I D , MANOLAKOS D E , et al . Effect of strain rate on the tensile performance of woven para-aramid fabrics [J ] . International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology , 2018 , 30 ( 2 ): 195 - 209 . DOI: 10.1108/IJCST-12-2016-0134 http://doi.org/10.1108/IJCST-12-2016-0134 https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJCST-12-2016-0134/full/html https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJCST-12-2016-0134/full/html Para-aramid fabrics see service in a great variety of applications, such as heavy weight lifting applications, penetration protective multilayer panels, etc. It is, therefore, increasingly important to understand the strain rate range at which the fabric has optimum mechanical properties. Although this is a field that has not been studied before, it is of great significance since it allows for the determination of the fabric’s layer location within the multilayered structure which offers maximum overall performance. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

XU Y J , ZHANG H , HUANG G Y . Ballistic performance of B 4 C/STF/Twaron composite fabric [J ] . Composite Structures , 2021 , 279 : 114754 . DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114754 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114754 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263822321012058 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263822321012058

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RECHT R F , IPSON T W . Ballistic perforation dynamics [J ] . Journal of Applied Mechanics , 1963 , 30 ( 3 ): 384 - 390 . DOI: 10.1115/1.3636566 http://doi.org/10.1115/1.3636566 https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/appliedmechanics/article/30/3/384/387842/Ballistic-Perforation-Dynamics https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/appliedmechanics/article/30/3/384/387842/Ballistic-Perforation-Dynamics Analytical equations of the types required to define ballistic perforation dynamics are developed. These equations concern both blunt and sharp-nosed fragments, perforating plates normally and at oblique impact angles. Residual velocities are defined in terms of magnitude and direction. Analytical models and confirming experimental data, which are presented here, specifically concern the ballistic velocity-impact range to about 25 percent of the velocity of longitudinal sonic waves in the impacting materials.

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