赵惠昌 . 无线电引信设计原理与方法 [M ] . 北京 : 国防工业出版社 , 2012 : 94 - 114 .

ZHAO H C . Principle and method of radio fuze design [M ] . Beijing : National Defense Industry Press , 2012 : 94 - 114 . (in Chinese)

CAO C H , ZHAO Y B . Range estimation based on symmetry polynomial aided Chinese remainder theorem for multiple targets in a pulse Doppler radar [J ] . Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering , 2022 , 23 ( 2 ): 304 - 316 .

BROWN L . The proximity fuze [J ] . IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine , 1993 , 8 ( 7 ): 3 - 10 .

曹亮 , 尹逊青 , 秦丽 . 脉冲多普勒引信抗干扰通道距离门优化设计 [J ] . 航空兵器 , 2017 ( 1 ): 79 - 82 .

CAO L , YIN X Q , QIN L . Optimization design of anti-jamming channel distance gate for pulse Doppler fuze [J ] . Aero Weaponry , 2017 ( 1 ): 79 - 82 . (in Chinese)

梁棠文 , 李玉清 , 蒲开忠 , 等 . 防空导弹引信设计及仿真技术 [M ] . 北京 : 宇航出版社 , 1995 : 199 - 250 .

LIANG T W , LI Y Q , PU K Z , et al . Design andsimulation technology of fuze for air defense missile [M ] . Beijing : China Astronautic Publishing House , 1995 : 199 - 250 . (in Chinese)

崔占忠 , 宋世和 , 徐立新 . 近炸引信原理 [M ] . 第3版 . 北京 : 北京理工大学出版社 , 2009 : 112 - 119 .

CUI Z Z , SONG S H , XU L X . Principle of proximity fuze [M ] . 3rd ed. Beijing : Beijing Institute of Technology Press , 2009 : 112 - 119 . (in Chinese)

DAI J G , HAO X H , LI Z , et al . Adaptive target and jamming recognition for the pulse doppler radar fuze based on a time-frequency joint feature and an online-updated naive bayesian classifier with minimal risk [J ] . Defence Technology , 2021 , 18 ( 3 ): 457 - 466 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2021.02.008 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2021.02.008 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221491472100026X https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221491472100026X

李泽 , 栗苹 , 郝新红 , 等 . 脉冲多普勒引信抗有源噪声干扰性能研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2015 , 36 ( 6 ): 1001 - 1008 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2015.06.006 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2015.06.006 为提高脉冲多普勒引信抗有源噪声干扰性能，定量研究有源噪声干扰对其作用机理，以处理增益为表征参量，基于功率谱定量研究了脉冲多普勒引信的抗有源噪声干扰性能。理论推导了在射频噪声、噪声调幅和噪声调频干扰作用下脉冲多普勒引信从接收回波至相关检测这一过程的输入、输出信干比和处理增益，获得了影响脉冲多普勒引信抗有源噪声干扰能力的信号特征参数，并进行了仿真验证。定量分析与仿真结果表明：脉冲多普勒引信具有较强的抗有源噪声干扰能力，抗有源噪声干扰能力主要决定于脉冲占空比与多普勒滤波器带宽。

LI Z , LI P , HAO X H , et al . Anti-active noise jamming performance of pulse doppler fuze [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2015 , 36 ( 6 ): 1001 - 1008 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2015.06.006 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2015.06.006 The anti-active noise jamming performance of pulse Doppler (PD) fuze is quantitatively studied based on the characterization parameters of processing gain and power spectrum in order to reveal the jamming mechanism and improve the anti-jamming performance of PD fuze. The input signal-to-jamming ratio, output signal-to-jamming ratio and processing gain of the procedure from the echo reception to the correlation detection under the radio frequency noise jamming, noise amplitude modulation jamming and noise frequency modulation jamming are deduced. The signal feature parameters affecting the anti-active noise jamming performance of PD fuze are obtained, and the simulation verification is carried out. The quantitative analysis and simulation results indicate that the PD fuze has the strong performance of anti-active noise jamming, and its performance of anti-active noise jamming is mainly determined by the pulse duty cycle and the bandwidth of Doppler filter.

肖泽龙 , 张恒 , 董浩 , 等 . 多普勒对空引信回波分析及碰炸优先判决准则研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2016 , 37 ( 10 ): 1820 - 1827 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.10.008 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.10.008 现有的二维弹目交会模型很难准确对对空引信回波信号进行模拟，为准确给出多普勒对空引信“碰炸优先”的判决准则，采用一种三维弹目交会模型对引信回波信号建模,推导出回波信号的表达式。采用短时分数阶傅里叶变换对三维交会模型中碰炸（包括迎击、追击和不共线交会）和近炸（包括早到、晚到和目标机动）共两类6种情形进行分析，得出了脉冲多普勒对空引信碰炸和近炸自适应判决准则。通过Matlab仿真结果验证了该分析模型和判决准则的准确性。

XIAO Z L , ZHANG H , DONG H , et al . Research on modeling and simulation of echo signal of pulse Doppler fuze and judgment criterion of its impact [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2016 , 37 ( 10 ): 1820 - 1827 . (in Chinese)

TREES H . Detection, estimation, and modulation theory, optimum array processing [M ] . Beijing : Publishing House of Electronics Industry , 2013 .

YAN J Y , DENG X , LAN A L , et al . The digital beam forming technique in AgileDARN high-frequency radar [J ] . Polar Science , 2020 , 28 ( 1 ): 100595 . DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2020.100595 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2020.100595 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1873965220301134 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1873965220301134

王瑞 , 马艳 . 基于分数阶傅里叶变换的线性调频脉冲信号波达方向估计 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2014 , 35 ( 3 ): 421 - 427 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.03.020 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.03.020 针对宽带线性调频脉冲信号的时宽与观测时宽不等的情况，基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)提出了一种新的中心频率估计方法，并据此对基于FRFT的MUSIC算法的波达方向(DOA)估计进行了改进。该算法利用线性调频信号在傅里叶变换域良好的能量聚集性，分析了脉冲信号中心频率随着脉冲信号在观测时间内位置的变化规律，并修正了中心频率估计的方法。在相应的分数阶傅里叶域，构造分数阶傅里叶域的方向向量，利用MUSIC算法进行DOA估计。数值仿真验证了该算法对方位估计的有效性，并仿真分析信噪比（SNR）和脉冲信号时间宽度对方位估计结果的影响。随着SNR的增大、脉冲信号时间宽度的增加，方位估计方差减小。

WANG R , MA Y . DOA estimation of wideband linear frequency modulated pulse signals based on fractional fourier transform [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2014 , 35 ( 3 ): 421 - 427 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.03.020 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.03.020 A new method for a center frequency estimation based on fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is proposed for the case that the time width of wideband linear frequency modulated pulse signals is not equal to the width of observation time. The MUSIC algorithm for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in the fractional Fourier domain is improved. Based on the energy-concentrated properties of linear frequency modulated signal in the fractional Fourier domain, the proposed approach is used to analyze the change of center frequency with the position variation of pulse signal in observation time. And the array manifold vector of fractional Fourier domain is constructed using the MUSIC algorithm for DOA estimation. Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of the algorithm for DOA estimation. Then the influence of the SNR and time width in observation time on DOA estimated results is analyzed.

ZHAGYPAR R , ZHAGYPAROVA K , AKHTAR M T . Spatially smoothed TF-Root-MUSIC for DOA estimation of coherent and non-stationary sources under noisy conditions [J ] . IEEE Access , 2021 , 99 : 1 - 1 .

ROY R , PAULRAJ A , KAILATH T . ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing , 1989 , 37 ( 7 ): 984 - 995 . DOI: 10.1109/29.32276 http://doi.org/10.1109/29.32276 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/32276/ http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/32276/

ZHENG Z , YANG Y X , WANG W Q , et al . Two-dimensional direction estimationof multiple signals using two parallel sparse linear arrays [J ] . Signal Process , 2018 , 143 : 112 - 121 . DOI: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2017.08.013 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2017.08.013 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165168417302967 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165168417302967

SWINDLEHURST A L , STOICA P . Maximum likelihood methods in radar array signal [J ] . Proceedings of the IEEE , 1998 , 86 ( 2 ): 421 - 441 . DOI: 10.1109/5.659495 http://doi.org/10.1109/5.659495 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/659495/ http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/659495/

MENG X T , XUE J H , YAN F G , et al . Real-valued propagator method for fast DOA estimation via polynomial rooting [J ] . The Journal of Engineering , 2019 , 2019 ( 21 ): 7792 - 7795 . DOI: 10.1049/tje2.v2019.21 http://doi.org/10.1049/tje2.v2019.21 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/20513305/2019/21 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/20513305/2019/21

潘曦 , 佟颖 , 王华阳 . 球谐域传播算子快速声定向算法 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2018 , 39 ( 10 ): 1936 - 1944 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.10.008 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.10.008 为了在低信噪比情况下宽带声源可以获得较好的波达方向（DOA)估计并且降低运算量，将正交传播算子算法推广应用于球谐域。在建立球阵列声场模型基础上，提出两种基于球谐传播算子定向算法，即使用球傅里叶变换成分获得传播算子的算法和使用球傅里叶变换成分的交叉谱矩阵获得传播算子的算法。分析了不同半径的球阵列频率适应范围，解决了宽带声源频率适应性问题；比较分析了上述两种算法和球谐域多重信号分类算法在不同信噪比下的DOA估计性能，进行声源定向实验并测试3种算法的DOA估计用时。实验结果表明，两种算法均具有运算量小、花费时间少且定向准确的特点。

PAN X , TONG Y , WANG H Y . Acoustic sources localization using propagator method in spherical harmonic domain [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2018 , 39 ( 10 ): 1936 - 1944 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.10.008 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.10.008 In order to obtain the better direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and reduce the amount of computation for the wideband acoustic source under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, the ortho- gonal propagator algorithm is now applied to the spherical harmonic domain. Based on the establishment of a spherical array acoustic field model, two spherical harmonic propagator orientation algorithms are proposed, including the algorithm in which the spherical Fourier transform component is used to obtain the propagator and the algorithm in which the cross spectrum matrix with the spherical Fourier transform component is used to obtain the propagator. The frequency adaptation range of spherical arrays with different radii is analyzed, and the problem of multi-bandwidth acoustic source frequency adaptability is solved. The DOA estimation performances of the two algorithms and the spherical harmonic domain multiple signal classification algorithm under different SNRs are compared and analyzed. Acoustic source orientation experiments were performed, and the DOA estimation time of the three algorithms was test. Experiments show that both algorithms have the characteristics of small computation, less time and accurate orientation. Key

WEN F Q , SHI J P , ZHANG Z J . Joint 2D-DOD, 2D-DOA, and polarization angles estimationfor bistatic EMVS-MIMO radar via PARAFAC analysis [J ] . IEEE Transactions of Veh Technology , 2020 , 69 : 1626 - 1638 . DOI: 10.1109/TVT.25 http://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.25 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=25 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=25

WEN F Q , MAO C X , ZHANG G . Direction finding in MIMO radar with large antennaarrays and nonorthogonal waveforms [J ] . Digit Signal Process , 2019 , 94 : 75 - 83 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dsp.2019.06.008 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2019.06.008 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1051200419300788 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1051200419300788