颜云辉 , 王展 , 董德威 . 军事伪装技术的发展现状与趋势 [J ] . 中国机械工程 , 2012 , 23 ( 17 ): 2136 - 2141 . 介绍了伪装技术的含义,指出伪装技术在现代战争中的重要性。详细说明了现阶段应用于军事伪装领域的几种伪装技术的原理及其应用,其中包括遮障技术、示假技术和迷彩伪装技术,展示了当今世界军事伪装技术的发展现状。分析了军事伪装技术的发展趋势,指出伪装技术正向着多波段、多元化、智能化的方向发展;随着更多学科理论的应用,伪装技术会融入更多的新方法和新思路。

YAN Y H , WANG Z , DONG D W . The development status and trend of military camouflage technology [J ] . China Mechanical Engineering , 2012 , 23 ( 17 ): 2136 - 2141 . (in Chinese)

HOULBROOK A W , GILMORE M A , MOORHEAD I R , et al . Scene simulation for camouflage assessment [J ] . Targets and Backgrounds Ⅵ: Characterization , 2000 , 4029 : 247 - 255 .

王展 , 颜云辉 , 焦学勇 . 基于灰色理论的迷彩伪装多指标综合评价 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2013 , 34 ( 10 ): 1250 - 1257 . DOI: 10. 3969/ j. issn. 1000-1093. 2013. 10. 009 http://doi.org/10. 3969/ j. issn. 1000-1093. 2013. 10. 009 为了解决现有迷彩伪装评价方法评价指标单一,评价结果缺乏客观性的问题,提出了一 种具有多项伪装评估指标并基于灰色聚类理论的综合评价方法。该方法根据评价的目的和对象综 合选取了亮度对比、颜色特征、纹理特征、边缘形状和斑点尺寸这5 项评价参数作为评价体系的指 标;运用熵权法来确定各指标值的影响权值;利用灰色聚类决策评估算法对不同的迷彩伪装效果进 行综合评估。通过在同一个背景下对不同迷彩设计方案进行的评估实验,其结果证明该方法对伪 装效果的评估是合理有效的,并且可以作为一种客观、可靠的综合伪装评价技术。

WANG Z , YAN Y H , JIAO X Y . Multi-index comprehensive evaluation of camouflage based on grey theory [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2013 , 34 ( 10 ): 1250 - 1257 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10. 3969/ j. issn. 1000-1093. 2013. 10. 009 http://doi.org/10. 3969/ j. issn. 1000-1093. 2013. 10. 009 In order to solve the problems of that the camouflage evaluation index is too single and the evaluated results is lack of objectivity, a new comprehensive evaluation method which uses many camouflage evaluation indexes and is based on gray clustering theory is presented. At first, according to the purpose and object of evaluation, this method selects brightness contrast, color features, texture features, edge shape and spot size as the indexes of evaluation system;Secondly, the entropy method is presented in order to solve the weight of each index under the same background; At last, the camouflage effect is comprehensively evaluated by use of grey clustering decision evaluation algorithm. The different camouflage design schemes are experimentally evaluated in the same background. The result shows that the method is an objective and reliable comprehensive camouflage evaluation technology.

杨骏堂 , 许卫东 , 曲杨 , 等 . 一种改进的Surendra运动目标伪装效果检测方法 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2017 , 38 ( 1 ): 190 - 194 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2017.01.025 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2017.01.025 现有的伪装检测主要是针对静态目标，并不能客观反映机动装备在作战行动中伪装的有效性。综合运动目标检测技术，结合伪装学原理，以军用卡车模型作为研究对象，基于Surendra背景更新建模算法并结合Lab三通道，提出一种机动装备迷彩伪装效果检测方法。根据所建立的实验系统，计算序列图中军用卡车伪装前后的形状特征参数集合之间的欧氏距离，得到实验序列图像的欧氏距离平均值为189.45，说明实验系统中伪装前后运动目标的形状特征参数之间极不相似，即经过伪装后的目标更具有一定的动态变形伪装特性。借助性能评价模块得出伪装前后目标图像相关系数范围为0.003 5~0.127 5，证明了该检测方法的科学性和可靠性；根据检测运动目标的算法原理，可知伪装后的运动目标图像与其中心背景之间更具有一定的融合性。

YANG J T , XU W D , QU Y , et al . An improved detection method for camouflage effect of surendra moving target [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2017 , 38 ( 1 ): 190 - 194 . (in Chinese)

杨鑫 , 许卫东 , 贾其 . 一种基于特征统计的动态伪装效果评估方法 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2019 , 40 ( 8 ): 1693 - 1699 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.08.019 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.08.019 现有的伪装效果评估主要针对静止的单幅图像，不能很好地模拟侦察人员对目标的判读过程。结合Mean shift目标跟踪技术，提出一种基于特征统计的动态伪装效果评估方法。该方法通过统计目标与背景8联通域的相关性特征数据，建立归一化联合高斯分布，利用概率密度的分布范围评估目标伪装效果。计算联合分布的概率密度时，提出对数放大概率，解决了高维联合分布概率密度数值敏感度低、不便于阈值设定的问题。引入样本更新策略，使样本库按照一定的概率随机更新，从而较好地适应了由于季节交替等因素引起的背景大范围变化。实验过程分别对某一指挥车实施1级伪装、2级伪装和3级伪装。采集数据后计算其对数放大概率并对曲线作出统计，结果表明：实际中划分的3种伪装状态与依据3σ准则预先设定的3种伪装状态完全对应；该模型能够有效反映出目标的伪装效果。

YANG X , XU W D , JIA Q . A dynamic camouflage effect assessment method based on feature statistics [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2019 , 40 ( 8 ): 1693 - 1699 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.08.019 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.08.019 The existing camouflage effect evaluation is mainly for a single still image, which can not simulate the process of the reconnaissance personnel's interpretation of a target. A feature statistics-based dynamic camouflage effect evaluation method is proposed based on mean shift target tracking algorithm. The proposed method is to establish a normalized joint Gaussian distribution by using the data of correlation features between the target and the background of eight-way domain, and use the distribution range of probability density to evaluate the camouflage effect of target. A logarithmic amplification probability is proposed for calculating the probability density of joint distribution, which solves the problem that the high-dimensional joint distribution probability density has low numerical sensitivity and is inconvenient to set a threshold. At the same time, a sample update strategy is introduced to make the sample library update randomly according to a certain probability, so as to better adapt to the change in large-scale background caused by the turn of seasons and other factors. In the experimental process, the first-level, second-level and third-level camouflages are applied to a certain command vehicle. After collecting the data, the logarithmic amplification probability is calculated, and the statistics on the curves is made. The results show that 3 camouflages divided in reality completely correspond to the first-level，second-level and third-level camouflages pre-set by the 3σ criterion. The experimental results show that the model can effectively reflect the camouflage effect of target. Key

GAN Y Y , LIU C T , LI H C , et al . An evaluation method of dynamic camouflage effect based on multifeature constraints [J ] . IEEE Access , 2020 , 8 : 193845 - 193855 . DOI: 10.1109/Access.6287639 http://doi.org/10.1109/Access.6287639 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6287639 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6287639

郑万里 , 杨萍 , 闫少强 , 等 . 军事伪装技术研究现状及发展趋势分析 [J ] . 现代防御技术 , 2022 , 50 ( 1 ): 81 - 86 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.01.012 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.01.012 随着侦察监视技术和察打一体技术的快速发展，现代战争中战场的透明度越来越高，军事目标的生存面临严重威胁，伪装防护是保证武器装备战场生存能力的重要前提。回顾了伪装技术萌芽、起步、发展、成熟的应用历程，系统梳理了隐身、遮蔽、迷彩、示假等伪装技术的发展现状，分析认为未来伪装技术将朝着多频谱兼容、智能自适应、一体化设计的方向发展，对军事目标伪装技术的研究发展具有重要的参考和借鉴价值。

ZHENG W L , YANG P , YAN S Q , et al . Analysis of the current situation and development trend of military camouflage technology research [J ] . Modern Defense Technology , 2022 , 50 ( 1 ): 81 - 86 . (in Chinese)

张勇 , 吴文健 , 刘志明 . 仿生迷彩伪装设计 [J ] . 计算机工程 , 2009 , 35 ( 6 ): 35 - 37 ,40. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3428.2009.06.012 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-3428.2009.06.012 针对迷彩伪装难题，提出仿生迷彩概念，将生物特征信息融入传统迷彩设计准则，介绍背景图片的斑块化和仿生结构元素的创建过程。在阐述其生成方法机理的基础上设计4种仿生迷彩图案，并通过边缘检测和识别跟踪算法对其进行静态和动态伪装效果评估。实验结果表明，仿生迷彩具备较好的伪装效果，可用于军事目标(静态或动态)的伪装设计。

ZHANG Y , WU W J , LIU Z M . Bionic camouflage camouflage design [J ] . Computer Engineering , 2009 , 35 ( 6 ): 35 - 37 ,40. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3428.2009.06.012 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-3428.2009.06.012 Camouflage pattern development gradually departs from its bionics origin, so a series of unsolvable problems appear. This paper proposes the concept of bionic camouflage pattern. It introduces the camouflage pattern design technique blended with biologic character, and lays a strong emphasis on the clustering of background picture and the creation of bionic structuring element. Four typical bionic camouflage patterns are designed. Then camouflage effectiveness of bionic camouflage pattern is tested through edge detection and correlation tracking. The research result indicates that the camouflage effect of bionic camouflage pattern is good enough for military target camouflage, whether static or dynamic. <BR>

武国晶 , 吕绪良 , 许卫东 , 等 . 数码迷彩立体动态成像算法研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2016 , 37 ( 1 ): 103 - 108 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.01.016 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.01.016 现有数码迷彩图案的平面性和固定不变性使之难以对抗未来高技术的侦察监测，针对这个问题，提出了一种基于柱透镜光栅的数码迷彩立体动态成像算法。该算法充分考虑人双目立体成像的生理特征和柱透镜光栅分光分像的光学特性，阐述数码迷彩立体动态化的可行性。在此基础上，推导出迷彩立体动态成像的视差设计原理并根据背景深度信息将数码迷彩图像分为多幅迷彩深度序列图。利用梳状函数对迷彩深度序列图进行采样合成，最终生成一幅光栅图像，用来裱贴于光栅板后即可实现立体动态数码迷彩。对该算法有效性进行了仿真实验并加以分析。

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陈琳 , 刘允刚 . 面向无人机的视觉目标跟踪算法:综述与展望 [J ] . 信息与控制 , 2022 , 51 ( 1 ): 23 - 40 . DOI: 10.13976/j.cnki.xk.2022.1144 http://doi.org/10.13976/j.cnki.xk.2022.1144 近年来，无人机因其小巧灵活、智能自主等特点被广泛应用于民用和军事等领域中，特别是搜索侦察过程中首要的目标跟踪任务。无人机视觉目标跟踪场景的复杂性和运动目标的多变性，使得目标特征提取及模型建立困难，对目标跟踪性能带来巨大的挑战。本文首先介绍了无人机视觉目标跟踪的研究现状，梳理了经典和最新的目标跟踪算法，特别是基于相关滤波的跟踪算法和基于深度学习的跟踪算法，并对比了不同算法的优缺点。其次，归纳了常用的目标跟踪数据集和性能评价指标。最后，展望了无人机视觉目标跟踪算法的未来发展趋势。

CHEN L , LIU Y G . Visual target tracking algorithms for UAVs:a review and outlook [J ] . Information and Control , 2022 , 51 ( 1 ): 23 - 40 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.13976/j.cnki.xk.2022.1144 http://doi.org/10.13976/j.cnki.xk.2022.1144 In recent years, due to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) characteristics such as flexibility, intelligence, and autonomy, UAV has been widely used in military and civilian applications, especially the primary target tracking task in search and surveillance. However, due to the complexity of the scene environment and the variability of the moving targets in UAV visual target tracking, it is difficult to extract features and formulate a model for the target, bringing a significant challenge to the tracking performance. Therefore, we provide a review of UAV visual target tracking. First, we present the current state of researching visual target tracking, review the classical and latest tracking algorithms, especially those based on correlation filtering and deep learning, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of different algorithms. Then, we summarize the commonly-used UAV target tracking datasets and evaluation metrics. Finally, we present a prospect of the future directions for developing UAV visual target tracking algorithms.

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