KLINE A , AHNER D , HILL R . The weapon-target assignment problem [J ] . Computers & Operations Research , 2019 , 105 : 226 - 236 . DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2018.10.015 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2018.10.015 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305054818302740 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305054818302740

孔德鹏 , 常天庆 , 郝娜 , 等 . 基于对抗的突击武器与支援武器协同火力打击决策方法 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2019 , 40 ( 3 ): 629 - 640 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.03.023 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.03.023 为满足多类型武器协同火力优化打击的需求，提出了一种基于对抗的突击武器与支援武器协同火力打击决策方法。以突击武器“点对点”打击和远程火力支援武器“面杀伤”的协同为研究对象，考虑具有对抗特性的火力打击决策优化过程，以突击武器对目标的打击决策、目标对突击武器的打击决策以及支援武器的炮弹落点位置为优化变量，建立了以对抗双方剩余价值比值为目标函数的协同火力打击决策优化模型。提出了基于人工蜂群算法双层迭代优化的协同火力打击决策优化模型求解方法。目标分配决策变量采用整数编码，利用罚函数方法处理约束条件，将决策模型转化为无约束混合整数优化问题；针对算法实现过程，分析了双层迭代人工蜂群求解算法的计算复杂度。通过一个协同火力打击算例验证了协同火力打击决策模型和求解算法的合理性和有效性。

KONG D P , CHANG T Q , HAO N , et al . Confrontation-based cooperative fire strike decision-making method of assault weapons and support weapons [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2019 , 40 ( 3 ): 629 - 640 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.03.023 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.03.023 A decision-making method for the cooperative fire strike (CFS) of assault weapons and support weapons in confrontation is proposed. And a decision-making model for CFS is established based on the ratio of friend or foe's residual values by studying the “point to point” strike of assault weapons and the “area damage” of long-range firepower support weapons, and the optimization process of decision-making of fire strike is considered. The decision of the assault weapons attacking the targets, the decision of the targets attacking the assault weapons and the drop points of projectiles launched from supporting weapons are taken as the optimization variables in decision-making model. A two-level iterative optimization method based on artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is proposed to solve the CFS decision-making optimization model. The integer is used to encode the decision variables, and the penalty function method is used to deal with the constraints. The decision-making model is transformed into an unconstrained mixed integer optimization problem. In view of the implementation process of the proposed algorithm, the computational complexity of the two-level iterative ABC algorithm is analyzed. A CFS example is used to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the collaborative fire strike decision-making model and the solving algorithm.Key

ANDERSEN A C , PAVLIKOV K , TOFFOLO T A M . Weapon-target assignment problem: exact and approximate solution algorithms [J ] . Annals of Operations Research , 2022 , 312 : 581 - 606 . DOI: 10.1007/s10479-022-04525-6 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04525-6

CAO M , FANG W G . Swarm intelligence algorithms for weapon-target assignment in a multilayer defense scenario: a comparative study [J ] . Symmetry , 2020 , 12 ( 5 ): 1 - 20 . DOI: 10.3390/sym12010001 http://doi.org/10.3390/sym12010001 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/1/1 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/1/1 Taiwan is a highly informational country, and a robust traffic network is not only critical to the national economy, but is also an important infrastructure for economic development. This paper aims to integrate government open data and global positioning system (GPS) technology to build an instant image-based traffic assistant agent with user-friendly interfaces, thus providing more convenient real-time traffic information for users and relevant government units. The proposed system is expected to overcome the difficulty of accurately distinguishing traffic information and to solve the problem of some road sections not providing instant information. Taking the New Taipei City Government traffic open data as an example, the proposed system can display information pages at an optimal size on smartphones and other computer devices, and integrate database analysis to instantly view traffic information. Users can enter the system without downloading the application and can access the cross-platform services using device browsers. The proposed system also provides a user reporting mechanism, which informs vehicle drivers on congested road sections about road conditions. Comparison and analysis of the system with similar applications shows that although they have similar functions, the proposed system offers more practicability, better information accessibility, excellent user experience, and approximately the optimal balance (a kind of symmetry) of the important items of the interface design.

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BOGDANOWICZ Z R . Advanced input generating algorithm for effect-Based weapon-target pairing optimization [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans , 2012 , 42 ( 1 ): 276 - 280 . DOI: 10.1109/TSMCA.2011.2159591 http://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCA.2011.2159591 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5957339/ http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5957339/

BOGDANOWICZ Z R , TOLANO A , PATEL K , et al . Optimization of weapon-target pairings based on kill probabilities [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics , 2013 , 43 ( 6 ): 1835 - 1844 . DOI: 10.1109/TSMCB.2012.2231673 http://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2012.2231673 In this paper, we present a novel optimization algorithm for assigning weapons to targets based on desired kill probabilities. For the given weapons, targets, and desired kill probabilities, our optimization algorithm assigns weapons to targets that satisfy the desired kill probabilities and minimize the overkill. The minimization of overkill assures that any proper subset of the weapons assigned to a target results in a kill probability that is less than the desired kill probability on such a target. Computational results for up to 120 weapons and 120 targets indicate that the performance of this algorithm yields an average improvement in quality of solutions of 26.8% over the greedy algorithms, whereas execution times remained on the order of milliseconds.

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CHEN J W , CHANG T Q , ZHANG L , et al . Two-stage model of WTA oriented armored unit combat method [J ] . Systems Engineering and Electronics , 2016 , 38 ( 6 ): 1326 - 1331 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2016.06.17 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2016.06.17 <p>The problem of the present weapon-target assignment (WTA) model can not meet the demand of the armored unit striking combat method. The operational mode of the unit striking combat method and its effect on the assignment result are analyzed. A two-stage model of the WTA oriented armored unit combat method is built. The first stage of the model is to solve the problem of &ldquo;single weapon with high hit probability&rdquo;. The second stage of model can meet the requirement of striking combat method to the multiple assignment result. The simulation result reveals that solution of the model is scientific and rational, and meets the requirement of the armored unit striking combat method.</p>

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