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LU L M , ZHUANG Y Q , JIANG G C . The research and development of high nitrogen steel [J ] . Special Steel , 1996 ( 3 ): 1 - 6 . (in Chinese)

STEIN G , HUCKLENBROICH I . Manufacturing and applications of high nitrogen steels [J ] . Materials and Manufacturing Processes , 2004 , 19 ( 1 ): 7 - 17 . DOI: 10.1081/AMP-120027494 http://doi.org/10.1081/AMP-120027494 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/AMP-120027494 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/AMP-120027494

KAPUTKINA L M , SVAZHIN A G , SMARYGINA I V , et al. Corrosion and cavitation resistance of high strength austenitic nitrogen stainless steels in seawater [J ] . Steel in Translation , 2019 , 49 ( 1 ): 13 - 19 . DOI: 10.3103/S0967091219010078 http://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091219010078

KATADA Y , SAGARA M , KOBAYASHI Y , et al. Fabrication of high strength high nitrogen stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance and its mechanical properties [J ] . Materials and Manufacturing Processes , 2004 , 19 ( 1 ): 19 - 30 . DOI: 10.1081/AMP-120027495 http://doi.org/10.1081/AMP-120027495 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/AMP-120027495 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/AMP-120027495

LANG Y P , QU H P , CHEN H T , et al. Research progress and development tendency of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steels [J ] . Journal of Iron and Steel Research International , 2015 , 22 : 91 - 98 . DOI: 10.1016/S1006-706X(15)60015-2 http://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(15)60015-2 http://link.springer.com/10.1016/S1006-706X(15)60015-2 http://link.springer.com/10.1016/S1006-706X(15)60015-2

LI J G , LI H , L Y , et al. The microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-Strand, composite welding-wire welded joints of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel [J ] . Materials (Basel, Switzerland) , 2019 , 12 ( 18 ): 2944 .

CUI B , ZHANG H , LIU F D . Effects of shielding gas composition on the welding stability, microstructure and mechanical properties in laser-arc hybrid welding of high nitrogen steel [J ] . Materials Research Express , 2018 , 5 ( 9 ): 1 - 17 .

胡秋月 . 铬镍奥氏体不锈钢的焊接质量问题及对策 [J ] . 装备制造技术 , 2016 ( 3 ): 109 - 110 .

HU Q Y . Welding quality problems and counter measures of chromium nickel austenitic stainless steel [J ] . Equipment Manufacturing Technology , 2016 ( 3 ): 109 - 110 . (in Chinese)

马良超 , 王大锋 , 马冰 , 等 . 不同氮含量焊丝熔化极气体保护焊高氮钢的微观组织与力学性能 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 6 ): 1303 - 1311 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.06.021 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.06.021 为研究不同氮含量焊丝对高氮钢焊缝组织性能的影响，采用自制的0.46［N］、0.61［N］、0.84［N］3种不同氮含量焊丝进行高氮钢熔化极气体保护焊焊接工艺试验。测试分析3种成分焊丝焊缝的固氮效果、气孔倾向、微观组织及力学性能。结果表明：随着焊丝氮含量的增加，焊缝氮含量升高，气孔倾向也增大；3种焊丝焊缝组织均由奥氏体+铁素体组成，焊缝组织形态主要取决于焊缝的凝固模式，由焊缝中的各种合金元素共同作用决定；焊缝力学性能主要受铁素体含量及其分布的影响，铁素体含量越高且呈沿晶分布，焊缝硬度、强度越高，韧性越差；当焊缝凝固模式为奥氏体凝固模式、奥氏体-铁素体凝固模式时，焊缝氮含量越高，焊缝拉伸性能越好；气孔缺陷主要影响焊缝的冲击韧性，气孔增多，焊缝冲击韧性下降。

MA L C , WANG D F , MA B , et al. Microstructure and mechanical property of high-nitrogen steel with GMAW welding wires with different nitrogen contents [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2021 , 42 ( 6 ): 1303 - 1311 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.06.021 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.06.021 In order to study the structures and properties of high-nitrogen steel welds with different nitrogen content welding wires, three kinds of welding wires with different nitrogen contents of 0.46［N］,0.61［N］ and 0.84［N］ were used in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) tests of high-nitrogen steel, and the nitrogen fixation effect, porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties of the welds were tested and analyzed. The results show that, as the nitrogen content of welding wire increases, the nitrogen content of weld increases, and the porosity tendency increases; the microstructures of three welding wires are composed of austenite and ferrite, the microstructure of weld is mainly determined by the solidification mode of weld, which is determined by the joint action of various alloying elements in the weld; and the mechanical properties of welds are mainly affected by the content and distribution of ferrite. The higher the ferrite content and the distribution along the grain are, the higher the hardness and strength of the weld are, and the worse the toughness is. When the weld solidification mode is A or AF, the nitrogen content of the weld is higher, the tensile property of the weld is better. The pore defect mainly affects the impact toughness of the weld, and the increase in pores reduces the impact toughness of the weld.

明珠 , 王克鸿 , 王伟 , 等 . 焊丝成分对高氮不锈钢GMAW稳定性及熔滴过渡行为的影响 [J ] . 焊接学报 , 2018 , 39 ( 7 ): 24 - 28 , 130. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.2018390168 http://doi.org/10.12073/j.hjxb.2018390168 文中主要对高氮奥氏体不锈钢专用焊丝焊接过程的稳定性进行研究，分析了不同氮含量焊丝的电流电压信号，并用高速摄像和汉诺威质量检测分析仪分析焊接过程的熔滴过渡.结果表明，随焊丝含氮量增加，焊接过程中虽然存在飞溅现象，但焊接过程更加稳定，这是由于为了使焊后熔敷金属为全奥氏体组织，将焊丝的含氮量增高的同时，减少Ni元素的加入，提高Mn元素含量，从而使熔滴的表面张力增加，焊接过程稳定性相对提高，并且在N元素和合金元素共同作用下，焊丝的喷射过渡临界电流降低，射滴过渡和射流过渡更加容易发生.

MING Z , WANG K H , WANG W , et al. Effect of welding wire compositions on welding process stability and droplet transfer behavior of high nitrogen stainless steel GMAW [J ] . Transactions of the China Welding Institution , 2018 , 39 ( 7 ): 24 - 28 , 130. (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.2018390168 http://doi.org/10.12073/j.hjxb.2018390168 In order to analyze the stability of the special welding wires for high nitrogen stainless steel, high-speed camera was used to track the droplet transfer morphology and analyzer of Hannover was used to evaluate the droplet transfer. The results show that although weld spatter produced along with the increase of nitrogen content, the stability of the droplet transfer and the signals of currents and voltages are improved. This is because to make deposited metal astenitized, the Ni content was reduced while the Mn content was increased with increasing nitrogen content, so that surface tension of the material was improved. And the adjustment of elements reduces the critical current of spray transfer so that the spray transfer is more likely to happen.

熊鹰 . 高氮钢激光-MAG复合焊工艺及焊缝增氮研究 [D ] . 哈尔滨 : 哈尔滨工业大学 , 2018 .

XIONG Y . Investigation of laser-MAG hybrid welding of high nitrogen steel and nitrogen enrichment in the weld [D ] . Harbin : Harbin Institute of Technology , 2018 . (in Chinese)

崔博 , 张宏 , 刘双宇 , 等 . 高氮钢复合焊接接头氮含量和气孔控制方法研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2019 , 40 ( 11 ): 2311 - 2318 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.11.016 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.11.016 为解决高氮钢熔焊过程中出现的气孔和氮损失问题，采用激光-电弧复合焊接技术对高氮钢进行焊接试验。研究了保护气体成分、焊丝成分和超声振动对焊接接头气孔率和氮含量的影响。结果表明：当保护气体为Ar+N₂时，随着保护气体中N₂比例的增大，焊缝氮含量升高，气孔率呈先降低、后升高的趋势；当向Ar+N₂中添加2%的O₂后，氮含量和气孔率明显升高，且随着N₂比例的增大，焊缝氮含量增多，但气孔率呈无规律变化；随着焊丝氮含量的增加，焊缝氮含量呈先升高、后降低趋势，气孔率呈先降低、后升高趋势；随着超声功率的增加，焊缝氮含量略有降低，气孔率呈先降低、后升高趋势；适当的保护气体和焊丝成分可提高焊缝氮含量的同时并能够抑制焊缝气孔形成，超声功率为180 W时抑制气孔效果最好。

CUI B , ZHANG H , LIU S Y , et al. Research on control method of nitrogen content and porosity in hybrid welding joint of high nitrogen steel [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2019 , 40 ( 11 ): 2311 - 2318 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.11.016 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.11.016 The laser-arc hybrid welding test of high nitrogen steel was carried out to solve the porosity and nitrogen loss of high nitrogen steel during welding. The effects of shielding gas composition, welding wire composition and ultrasonic vibration on the porosity and nitrogen content of welded joint were investigated. The results show that, when the shielding gas is Ar+N₂, the nitrogen content of welded point increases with the proportion of nitrogen in the shielding gas, and the porosity decreases first and then increases. When 2% O₂ is added to Ar+N₂, the nitrogen content and porosity increase obviously. With the increase in the proportion of nitrogen, the nitrogen content in welded joint increases, but the porosity changes irregularly. With the increase in nitrogen content in the welding wire, the nitrogen content of welded joint increases first and then decreases, and the porosity decreases first and then increases. With the increase in ultrasonic power, the nitrogen content of welded joint decreases slightly, and the porosity decreases first and then increases. Appropriate shielding gas and welding wire composition can be used to improve the nitrogen content of welded joint, and inhibit the formation of weld porosity. The porosity is suppressed in the best effect when the ultrasonic power is 180 W. Key

黄瀚川 , 徐连勇 , 荆洪阳 , 等 . SAF2507超级双相不锈钢CMT+P熔滴过渡特性 [J ] . 焊接学报 , 2019 , 40 ( 10 ): 127 - 136 . DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.2019400274 http://doi.org/10.12073/j.hjxb.2019400274 采用焊接电信号采集系统与高速摄像系统对SAF2507超级双相不锈钢CMT + P（冷金属过渡 + 脉冲）熔滴过渡过程进行观测研究. 分析了CMT与CMT + P过程在不同送丝速度WFS下的熔滴过渡行为、波形变化机理与能量输入特征，揭示了CMT + P熔滴过渡特性. 结果表明：CMT + P实际波形图与理论上有多处不同；熔滴形状与尺寸、过渡形式、熔池的波动状态、焊丝端部到工件的距离及飞溅等都能影响电压的波动，电压波形图可以用来指导分析熔滴过渡行为；脉冲阶段对热输入起主要影响作用，调节脉冲峰值电流、脉冲基值电流、脉冲个数，可实现热输入的控制.

HUANG H C , XU L Y , JING H Y , et al. Droplet transfer behaviors of SAF2507 super duplex stainless steel using CMT+P welding [J ] . Transactions of the China Welding Institution , 2019 , 40 ( 10 ): 127 - 136 . (in Chinese)

张洪涛 , 冯吉才 , 胡乐亮 . CMT能量输入特点与熔滴过渡行为 [J ] . 材料科学与工艺 , 2012 , 20 ( 2 ): 128 - 132 , 139.

ZHANG H T , FENG J C , HU L L . Energy input and metal transfer behavior of CMT welding process [J ] . Materials Science and Technology , 2012 , 20 ( 2 ): 128 - 132 , 139. (inChinese)

WANG Y , ZHU Z Y , GOU G Q , et al. Arc characteristics and metal transfer behavior of CMT+P process for Q235 steel of titanium-steel composite plate [J ] . International Journal of Modern Physics B , 2019 , 33 : 1940040 . DOI: 10.1142/S021797921940040X http://doi.org/10.1142/S021797921940040X https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S021797921940040X https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S021797921940040X The cold metal transfer (CMT) with addition of pulses (CMT[Formula: see text]P) process is a new CMT welding method. This paper uses a high-speed camera and electrical signal synchronization acquisition system to perform a CMT[Formula: see text]P welding test on a 10 mm thick Q235 steel plate, and performs arc characteristic and droplet transfer behavior in the welding process. It has been founded that under relatively small currents and voltages, the CMT[Formula: see text]P transfer mode is a combination of a projected transfer mode with one droplet in the pulse period and a short circuit transfer mode during the CMT period. The process is stable with little spatter; at relatively large currents and voltages, the transition mode is the combination of pulse transfer, spray transfer and short circuit transfer. It results in one or more droplets that enter the pool both in pulse transfer in the spray transfer mode during the pulse period and in the short circuit transfer mode during the CMT period in a weld cycle.

YANG D Q , FANG H , PENG Y , et al. Investigation of spatters in cold metal transfer + pulse-based wire and arc additive manufacturing of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel [J ] . Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance , 2021 , 30 ( 9 ): 6881 - 6894 . DOI: 10.1007/s11665-021-06048-w http://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06048-w

ZHAO G C , WANG Z J , HU S S , et al. Effect of ultrasonic vibration of molten pool on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V joints prepared via CMT + P welding [J ] . Journal of Manufacturing Processes , 2020 , 52 : 193 - 202 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.01.045 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.01.045 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1526612520300542 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1526612520300542

张恒铭 , 石玗 , 李春凯 , 等 . 极性对细直径自保护药芯焊丝CMT下熔滴过渡及焊缝成形的影响 [J ] . 焊接学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 8 ): 75 - 81 . DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20210419001 http://doi.org/10.12073/j.hjxb.20210419001 自保护药芯焊丝广泛应用在野外焊接及修复领域中，其中在野外薄壁管道的焊接中，减少母材热输入，保证焊接质量具有重要意义. 因此探索了适用于野外薄壁管道焊接的细直径自保护药芯焊丝CMT技术，利用电信号采集系统和高速摄影系统，对比分析了不同极性下的熔滴过渡过程. 结果表明，在不同极性下，熔滴过渡表现为混合过渡模式. 在直流反接条件下，峰值阶段下的熔滴过渡模式主要表现为大滴排斥过渡. 在直流正接条件下时，峰值阶段下的熔滴过渡模式主要表现为射滴过渡，相比于直流反接条件，焊缝的熔深较浅，余高较高，熔宽较宽. 焊接参数的增大，并未改变熔滴过渡的模式. 爆炸型焊接飞溅主要出现在直流正接条件下的短路阶段中. 排斥型飞溅主要出现在直流反接条件下的峰值阶段中.

ZHANG H M , SHI Y , LI C K , et al. Effect of polarity on droplet transfer and weld formation under small diameter self-shielded flux-cored wire using CMT welding [J ] . Transactions of the China Welding Institution , 2021 , 42 ( 8 ): 75 - 81 . (in Chinese)

CUI B , LUO T W , FENG M J . Effect of nitrogen content on the microstructure and properties of the laser-arc hybrid welding joint of high nitrogen steel [J ] . Optik , 2021 , 243 : 167478 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167478 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167478 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0030402621011037 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0030402621011037

宋磊 , 王敏 , 李新 , 等 . 含锰钢RH真空过程锰的迁移行为 [J ] . 工程科学学报 , 2020 , 42 ( 3 ): 331 - 339 .

SONG L , WANG M , LI X , et al. Manganese migration behavior in the RH vacuum process of manganese-containing steel [J ] . Chinese Journal of Engineering , 2020 , 42 ( 3 ): 331 - 339 . (in Chinese)