姜海燕 , 林卫凯 , 吴世彪 , 等 . 激光选区熔化技术的应用现状及发展趋势 [J ] . 机械工程与自动化 , 2019 ( 5 ): 223 - 226 .

JIANG H Y , LIN W K , WU S B , et al. Application status and development trend of laser selective melting technology [J ] . Mechanical Engineering & Automation , 2019 ( 5 ) 223 - 226 . (in Chinese)

SEABRA M , AZEVEDO J , ARAÚJO A , et al. Selective laser melting(SLM) and topology optimization for lighter aerospace componentes [J ] . Procedia Structural Integrity , 2016 , 1 : 289 - 296 . DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.02.039 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2016.02.039 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2452321616000408 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2452321616000408

CARLUCCIO D , DEMIR D A , BERMINGHAM M J , et al. Challenges and opportunities in the selective laser melting of biodegradable metals for load-bearing bone scaffold applications [J ] . Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A , 2020 , 51 ( 7 ): 3311 - 3334 . DOI: 10.1007/s11661-020-05796-z http://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05796-z

BRANDT M , SUN S J , LEARY M , et al. High-value SLM aerospace components:from design to manufacture [J ] . Advanced Materials Research , 2013 , 2196 : 135 - 147 .

王迪 , 邓国威 , 杨永强 , 等 . 金属异质材料增材制造研究进展 [J ] . 机械工程学报 , 2021 , 57 ( 1 ): 186 - 198 . DOI: 10.3901/JME.2021.01.186 http://doi.org/10.3901/JME.2021.01.186 极端复杂工况条件对材料的功能性提出了新的发展需求，金属异质材料增材制造技术相比传统制造技术在异质材料零件的制造上具备更大的优势，在航空航天、生物医学、汽车工业等领域中均具有广阔的应用前景，可以满足这些领域对部件的高性能、多功能化需求。根据近年来金属异质材料增材制造技术的研究进展，评述了电弧、电子束和激光增材制造技术在异质材料上的研究现状和技术特点，并基于团队在异质材料金属增材制造装备、材料工艺与界面缺陷上的研究，总结了金属异质材料增材制造技术所面临的关键问题以及应用情况，对其发展趋势和技术难点进行展望。

WANG D , DENG G W , YANG Y Q , et al. Research progress on additive manufacturing of metallic heterogeneous materials [J ] . Journal of Mechanical Engineering , 2021 , 57 ( 1 ): 186 - 198 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3901/JME.2021.01.186 http://doi.org/10.3901/JME.2021.01.186 New requirements for the functionality of materials are raised on the conditions of extremely complex working conditions. Compared with traditional manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing technology of metal heterogeneous materials has greater advantages in the manufacture of heterogeneous material parts. It has broad application prospects in many areas, such as aerospace, biomedical and automotive industries, and can meet these areas’ demand for high performance and multifunctionality of components. Based on the research progress of metal heterogeneous material additive manufacturing technology in recent years, the research status and technical characteristics of arc, electron beam and laser additive manufacturing technology on heterogeneous materials are reviewed. In addition, based on the team’s research on heterogeneous material metal additive manufacturing equipment, material technology and interface defects, the key problems and applications of metal heterogeneous material additive manufacturing technology are summarized, and its development trend are prospected.

郭登刚 , 周强 , 刘睿 , 等 . 铝-镁-铝轻质金属层状复合靶抗弹性能 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 3 ): 598 - 606 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.03.016 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.03.016 为了对比铝-镁-铝三明治结构复合靶与等厚度铝合金靶的抗弹性能，研究铝-镁层状复合靶用于装甲防护的可行性，提出使用镁合金替代部分铝来降低铝合金装甲质量的方法。采用爆炸焊接法制备铝-镁-铝层状复合板，并通过实验测试和数值模拟分析其抗弹性能及机理。基于残余穿深法，对铝-镁-铝层状复合靶与AZ31镁合金靶、2024铝合金靶和铝-镁-铝层叠接触靶进行对比实验，并对枪弹侵彻不同类型靶板的过程进行数值模拟以验证实验结果，进一步研究了界面结合强度对层状复合靶板抗弹性能的影响。结果表明：在等厚度条件下，铝-镁-铝层状复合靶具有与2024铝合金靶相当的防护效果，但比2024铝合金靶减轻23%以上；界面结合强度可以提高层状复合靶的抗弹性能，具体表现为随着界面结合强度的增加，靶板通过整体变形来使抵抗弹头侵彻能力增强。

GUO D G , ZHOU Q , LIU R , et al. Ballistic resistance of Al-Mg-Al light metal layered armor plate [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2021 , 42 ( 3 ): 598 - 606 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.03.016 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.03.016 The feasibility of Al-Mg composite plate used for armor protection is studied to compare the shell-proof performances of Al-Mg composite plate and aluminum alloy plate with uniform thickness. The magnesium alloy is used to replace partial Al alloy to lower the weight of Al alloy armor, and the explosive welding method is applied to fabricate the Al-Mg-Al layered composite plate. The ballistic resistance and corresponding mechanism of Al-Mg-Al layered composite plate were analyzed through the experimental measurement and numerical simulation, respectively. The layered armor plate was compared with AZ31 magnesium alloy plate, 2024 aluminum alloy plate and stacked Al-Mg-Al plates by using the residual depth-of-penetration method. The penetration of the bullet on different types of targets was simulated to verify the experimental results, and the effect of interfacial bonding strength on the ballistic resistance of layered composite plate was further studied. The results show that the ballistic performance of Al-Mg-Al welded plate is close to that of 2024 aluminum alloy plate, but it is 23% lighter than the 2024 aluminum alloy plate under the condition of equal plate thickness. The interfacial bonding strength can improve the ballistic resistance of layered composite plate. With the increase in interfacial bonding strength, the anti-ballistic capability of target plate is enhanced through the coordination deformation of all the layers.

CHEN J , YANG Y Q , SONG C H , et al. Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L/CuSn10 multi-material bimetallic structure fabricated by selective laser melting [J ] . Materials Science & Engineering A , 2019 , 752 : 75 - 85 .

MEI X L , WANG X Y , PENG Y B , et al. Interfacial characterization and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel/inconel 718 manufactured by selective laser melting [J ] . Materials Science & Engineering A , 2019 , 758 : 185 - 191 .

SING S L , LAM L P , ZHANG D Q , et al. Interfacial characterization of SLM parts in multi-material processing:Intermetallic phase formation between AlSi10Mg and C18400 copper alloy [J ] . Materials Characterization , 2015 , 107 : 220 - 227 . DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2015.07.007 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2015.07.007 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1044580315002545 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1044580315002545

刘林青 , 宋长辉 , 杨永强 , 等 . 异种材料激光选区熔化界面结构强化机理研究 [J ] . 机械工程学报 , 2020 , 56 ( 3 ): 189 - 196 . DOI: 10.3901/JME.2020.03.189 http://doi.org/10.3901/JME.2020.03.189 为了将成形精度高、效率慢的激光选区熔化技术（Selective laser melting，SLM）应用于大型复杂结构件生产制造过程中，可在传统机加工基体上SLM成形精密复杂结构。然而不同材料、不同制造工艺的结构在界面处的结合性能制约着整体结构的性能。本研究在机加工制造的低成本Cr8Mo2SiV冷作模具钢上SLM成形18Ni300马氏体时效钢。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜等对界面结合区域的组织结构以及成分分析，发现界面处增材结构（18Ni300）紧密镶嵌在基材结构（Cr8Mo2SiV）中，形成类似一种齿形镶嵌的结构。界面区域无宏观裂纹产生，表明SLM结构与基材达到良好的冶金结合。在界面区域观察到柱状晶穿过熔道边界外延生长，且界面元素有稍许扩散。分析表明，界面区域的齿形镶嵌结构以及柱状晶的外延生长形态有利于界面结构的结合强化。通过拉伸试验进行结合性能分析，发现整体复合结构拉伸件的断裂位置处于远离界面的基材处，且在界面区域得到明显强化效果，这为高效低成本制作复杂模具提供了有效方法。

LIU L Q , SONG C H , YANG Y Q , et al. Study on mechanism of strengthening interface structure of dissimilar materials by selective laser melting [J ] . Journal of Mechanical Engineering , 2020 , 56 ( 3 ): 189 - 196 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3901/JME.2020.03.189 http://doi.org/10.3901/JME.2020.03.189 In order to apply the selective laser melting(SLM) technology with high precision and low efficiency to the manufacturing process of large-scale complex structural parts, sophisticated complex structure can be fabricated by selective laser melting on the traditional machined substrate. However, the bonding performance of the structure with different materials and different manufacturing processes at the interface restricts the performance of the overall structure. In this study, 18Ni300 maraging steel is fabricated by SLM on traditional low-cost Cr8Mo2SiV cold work die steel manufactured by machining method. The microstructure and composition analysis of the interface bonding region are observed by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, etc., and it is found that the additive structure (18Ni300) at the interface is tightly embedded in the substrate structure (Cr8Mo2SiV) to form a structure similar to a toothed mosaic. There is no macro crack in the interface area, and the SLM structure and the substrate achieve a good metallurgical bonding. It is observed in the interface region that the columnar crystals were epitaxially grown through the boundary of the melt channel, and the interface elements are slightly diffused. The analysis shows that the toothed mosaic structure of the interface region and the epitaxial growth morphology of the columnar crystal facilitate the bonding enhancement of the interface structure. Through the analysis of the bonding performance by the tensile testing, it is found that the fracture position of the composite structure tensile specimen is located at the substrate away from the interface, and the obvious strengthening effect is obtained in the interface area, which provides an effective method for efficient and low-cost production of complex molds.

TAN C L , ZHOU K , MA W Y , et al. Interfacial characteristic and mechanical performance of maraging steel-copper functional bimetal produced by selective laser melting based hybrid manufacture [J ] . Materials & Design , 2018 , 155 : 77 - 85 .

HADADZADEH A , AMIRKHIZ B S , SHAKERIN S et al. Microstructural investigation and mechanical behavior of a two-material component fabricated through selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg on an Al-Cu-Ni-Fe-Mg cast alloy substrate [J ] . Additive Manufacturing , 2020 , 31 : 100937 . DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2019.100937 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100937 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214860419308334 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214860419308334

MOU N Y , ZHUANG Q , ZHANG X Y , et al. Fabrication and performance examination on explosively welded ODS-Cu 316L clad plate for CFETR divertor heat sink [J ] . Fusion Engineering and Design , 2022 , 180 : 1 - 8 .

PENG B , JIE J , WANG M , et al. Microstructure characteristics and deformation behavior of tin bronze/1010 steel bimetal layered composite by continuous solid/liquid bonding [J ] . Materials Science and Engineering:A , 2022 , 844 : 1 - 10 .

JOSEPH G B , VALARMATHI T N , MELJO M , et al. Study the mechanical properties of stainless steel & copper joint by tungsten inert gas welding [J ] . Materials Today:Proceedings , 2021 , 44 : 3738 - 3743 . DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.581 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.581 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214785320392506 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214785320392506

侯林涛 , 陈文革 , 刘盈斌 , 等 . 铜钢异质复合材料连接特性的分析 [J ] . 材料研究学报 , 2015 , 29 ( 9 ): 693 - 700 . DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2014.541 http://doi.org/10.11901/1005.3093.2014.541 用真空熔铸法制备45/T2、304/T2复合材料, 用金相观察、扫描电镜及能谱分析、X射线衍射、力学性能测试等手段研究了钢铜复合界面的结合强度、显微组织、显微硬度、界相区的成分变化等。结果表明:钢铜基体中的Fe、Cr、Cu等合金元素在界面发生了相互扩散, 形成了新的铁碳化合物(CFe_15.1)和固溶体Cu_0.81Ni_0.19、Cr-Ni-Fe-C 相。在界面上有齿状的过渡带, 未出现明显的金属间化合物, 其显微硬度最大值为183/119 HV, 宽度约为60-70 μm。钢铜复合材料的抗拉、抗剪强度分别278/263 MPa、217/201 MPa, 拉伸断口均出现在T2铜侧, 远离界面扩散区域；界面结合机制均为扩散冶金结合, 强度高于纯铜的抗拉/抗剪强度；在(1150±50℃、4.0×10^-2 Pa)条件下, 与Cr、Ni等合金元素相比, Fe在Cu液中的扩散能力最强, 而Cu对改善304/45钢的基体稳定性和强度也有重要的作用。

HOU L T , CHEN W G , LIU Y B , et al. Analyses on connection characteristics of composites of steel-copper [J ] . Chinese Journal of Materials Research , 2015 , 29 ( 9 ): 693 - 700 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2014.541 http://doi.org/10.11901/1005.3093.2014.541 Composites 45 steel/T2 copper and 304 Stainless steel/T2 copper were prepared by high-temperature vacuum casting. The interface bonding strength, microstructure, microhardness and composition change of the phase boundary zone of the composites were investigated by SEM observation, EDS analysis, XRD and mechanical property test. The results show that interdiffusion occurred of alloy elements Fe, Cr and Cu of the two substrates resulting in formation of phases such as a new iron carbon compounds (CFe 15.1 ) and solid solution Cu 0.81 Ni 0.19 , and Cr-Ni-Fe-C, there existed a dentate interdiffusion layer of about 60 to 70 microns without obvious intermetallics in the transition zone and its microhardness is about 183 and 119HV for 45-T2 and 304-T2 respectively; tensile/shear strength of the composite are 278/263MPa and 217/201 MPa respectively for 45/T2 and 304/T2; break occurs in the copper side with typical ductile fracture characteristics. Cu element plays an i mportant role in improvement of the stability and strength of the substrates 304 stainless steel and 45steel.

RINNE J , SEFFER O , NOTHDURF S , et al. Investigations on the weld metal composition and associated weld metal cracking in laser beam welded steel copper dissimilar joints [J ] . Journal of Materials Processing Technology , 2021 , 296 : 117178 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117178 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117178 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924013621001382 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924013621001382

DENG C Y , KANG J W , FENG T , et al. Study on the selective laser melting of CuSn10 powder [J ] . Materials , 2018 , 11 ( 4 ): 614 - 621 . DOI: 10.3390/ma11040614 http://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040614 http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/4/614 http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/4/614

金丹 , 张江玉 , 李江华 . 316L不锈钢圆路径下的动态应变时效分析 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2018 , 39 ( 3 ): 584 - 589 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.03.021 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.03.021 对316L不锈钢进行873 K圆路径不同应变范围的低周疲劳实验，分析其动态应变时效(DSA)的循环周次、应变范围和受载状态相关性。实验发现，循环初期DSA现象明显，随后逐渐减弱，大应变幅值下失效前产生了大量Snoek溶质原子气团，使得该阶段DSA现象再次显著。从应变范围相关性分析中可以看出，应力跌幅和锯齿密集程度随着应变范围的增加而增大，位错增殖造成了大应变范围下锯齿数量的增多。热力学分析表明，当压缩向卸载阶段转变时，静水压力方向使空位的扩散性得到抑制，压缩阶段锯齿屈服现象更为明显。扫描电镜结果显示，0.7%和1.0%两等效应变范围下材料的失效是疲劳、动态应变时效和氧化共同作用的结果。

JIN D , ZHANG J Y , LI J H . Dynamic strain aging of 316L stainless steel under circular loading [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2018 , 39 ( 3 ): 584 - 589 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.03.021 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.03.021 Low cycle fatigue tests in different strain ranges were conducted for 316L stainless steel at 873 K under circular loading. The effects of number of cycles, strain range, and loaded state on the dynamic strain aging (DSA) are discussed. DSA is more obvious in the initial several cycles, followed by weak serrated yielding. The DSA is evident before failure in larger strain range, which can be attributed to the formation of the Snoek solute atom atmospheres. The results of the effect of strain range on DSA show that the stress drop value and the serrated yielding degree increase with the increase in strain range. The increase in serrated number in larger strain range is due to the dislocation multiplication. The thermomechanical analysis shows that the serrated yielding phenomenon is more significant due to the hold-up of vacancy diffusivity when the compression changes to unloading. Scanning electron microscope（SEM）results show that the material failures are attributed to fatigue, DSA, and oxidation in two strain ranges. Key

CHEN J , YANG Y Q , SONG C H , et al. Influence mechanism of process parameters on the interfacial characterization of selective laser melting 316L/CuSn10 [J ] . Materials Science & Engineering A , 2020 ,792(C): 139316.

SOYSAL T , KOU S , TAT D , et al. Macrosegregation in dissimilar-metal fusion welding [J ] . Acta Materialia , 2016 , 110 : 149 - 160 . DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.004 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.004 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359645416301458 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359645416301458

CHEN S H , HUANG J H , XIA J , et al. Microstructural characteristics of a stainless steel/copper dissimilar joint made by laser welding [J ] . Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A , 2013 , 44 ( 8 ): 3690 - 3696 . DOI: 10.1007/s11661-013-1693-z http://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1693-z http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11661-013-1693-z http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11661-013-1693-z

MAGNABOSCO I , FERRO P , BONOLLO F , et al. An investigation of fusion zone microstructures in electron beam welding of copper-stainless steel [J ] . Materials Science & Engineering A , 2006 , 424 ( 1 ): 163 - 173 .