娄伟鹏 , 郑长松 , 李和言 , 等 . 高速湿式换挡离合器排油阀临界开启和关闭压力研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2017 , 39 ( 9 ): 4 - 11 .

LOU W P , ZHENG C S , LI H Y , et al. Research on critical open and close pressures of an oill discharge valve for high speed wet shifting clutch [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2017 , 39 ( 9 ): 4 - 11 . (in Chinese)

马彪 , 陈飞 , 李和言 , 等 . 湿式离合器摩擦副平均温升特性研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2016 , 37 ( 6 ): 961 - 968 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.06.001 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.06.001 针对湿式换挡离合器结合过程温升特性，基于集总参数法将离合器液压系统各元件简化为节点，建立了系统热阻网络模型与试验系统，研究获得了冷却润滑流量和转速差对离合器温升的影响规律。研究结果表明：在中低摩擦热负荷下，离合器温升对冷却流量的改变不敏感；在中高摩擦热负荷下，冷却流量变化对离合器温升影响显著，但当冷却流量增大到超过某一临界值时，流量增加对离合器温升影响微弱；转速差与离合器结合油压影响摩擦热负荷强度；离合器温升表现为转速差的线性增长关系，在相同冷却润滑状态下，转速差每增加100 r/min，离合器温升增加8.05%. 通过仿真结果与试验数据的对比，验证了所建模型的有效性，该模型能较好反映离合器正常工况的温升特性。

MA B , CHEN F , LI H Y , et al. Research on average temperature rise characteristic of wet clutch [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2016 , 37 ( 6 ): 961 - 968 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.06.001 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.06.001 On the basis of the lumped parameter method which simplifies the components in hydraulic system to nodes, a thermal resistance network model of clutch hydraulic system is proposed to investigate the effects of oil flow and rotation speed difference on the temperature rise of wet clutch during engaging. An experimental device is designed to validate the simulation results. The results show that the oil flow rate has a greater influence on the temperature rise of wet clutch under the condition of high heat flux than that under the condition of low heat flux. The oil flow brings a slight effect on the temperature rise when the cooling flow increases to the critical value. Both the relative speed and the pressure have an influence on heat flux. The temperature of wet clutch is a linear function of the relative speed of friction plates. The clutch temperature rises by 8.05 percent with every 100 r/min increment in the relative speed under same cooling condition. The proposed model is verified effectively by comparison of simulated results and experimental data, which can better reflect the thermal equilibrium of wet clutch hydraulic system in normal condition.

LI W B , HUANG J F , FEI J , et al. Simulation and application of temperature field of carbon fabric wet clutch during engagement based on finite element analysis [J ] . International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer , 2016 , 71 : 180 - 187 . DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.12.026 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.12.026 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735193315002742 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735193315002742

FEI J , LI W B , HUANG J F , et al. Variation of the tribological properties of carbon fabric composites in their whole service life [J ] . Tribology International , 2016 , 99 : 29 - 37 . DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2016.03.006 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2016.03.006 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301679X16001407 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301679X16001407

ZHANG Z G , ZOU L , LIU H , et al. Effects of operating and material parameters on the thermal characteristics of a wet clutch [J ] . Advances in Mechanical Engineering , 2021 , 13 ( 7 ): 16878140211034100.

YANG L K , MA B , AHMADIAN M , et al. Pressure distribution of a multidisc clutch suffering frictionally induced thermal load [J ] . Tribology Transactions , 2016 , 59 ( 6 ): 983 - 992 . DOI: 10.1080/10402004.2015.1126877 http://doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2015.1126877 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10402004.2015.1126877 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10402004.2015.1126877

赵二辉 , 马彪 , 李和言 , 等 . 非均匀接触对湿式离合器摩擦特性的影响 [J ] . 吉林大学学报(工学版) , 2018 , 48 ( 3 ): 661 - 669 .

ZHAO E H , MA B , LI H Y , et al. Effect of non-uniform contact on friction characteristics of wet clutches [J ] . Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) , 2018 , 48 ( 3 ): 661 - 669 . (in Chinese)

李明阳 , 马彪 , 李和言 , 等 . 多片离合器摩擦对偶片屈曲变形的分析与验证 [J ] . 汽车工程 , 2017 , 39 ( 7 ): 775 - 781 .

LI M Y , MA B , LI H Y , et al. Analysis and verification on friction discs buckling in multi-disc clutch [J ] . Automotive Engineering , 2017 , 39 ( 7 ): 775 - 781 . (in Chinese)

MAHMUD S F , PAHLOVY S A , OGAWA M . Simulation to estimate the output torque characteristics and temperature rise of a transmission wet clutch during the engagement process:2018-01-0402 [R ] . Warrendale,PA , US : SAE International , 2018 .

KONG J M , JANG S . Temperature analysis of wet clutch surfaces during clutch engagement processes based on friction pad patterns [J ] . International Journal of Automotive Technology , 2020 , 21 ( 4 ): 813 - 822 . DOI: 10.1007/s12239-020-0079-7 http://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-020-0079-7

WU J P , MA B , LI H Y , et al. The temperature field of friction disc in wet clutch involving the unconventional heat dissipation on the contact surface [J ] . Tribology Transactions , 2021 , 64 ( 1 ): 1 - 9 . DOI: 10.1080/10402004.2020.1751366 http://doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2020.1751366 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10402004.2020.1751366 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10402004.2020.1751366

LIN T J , TAN Z , HE Z Y , et al. Analysis of influencing factors on transient temperature field of wet clutch friction plate used in marine gearbox [J ] . Industrial Lubrication and Tribology , 2018 , 70 ( 2 ): 241 - 49 . DOI: 10.1108/ILT-08-2016-0181 http://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-08-2016-0181 https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-08-2016-0181/full/html https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-08-2016-0181/full/html This paper aims to introduce the moment of inertia of the driving and driven end of the clutch into the analysis of the transient temperature field of a friction plate and studied the influencing factors on that, especially to a marine gearbox.

张志刚 , 梁美林 , 陈瑶 , 等 . 湿式离合器钢片平行度对其热特性影响分析 [J ] . 机械科学与技术 , 2020 , 39 ( 3 ): 336 - 343 .

ZHANG Z G , LIANG M L , CHEN Y , et al. Analysis on termal caracteristic of prallelism of wt cutch seel dscs [J ] . Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering , 2020 , 39 ( 3 ): 336 - 343 . (in Chinese)

马彪 , 陈飞 , 李和言 , 等 . 换挡频次对离合器平均温升影响的研究 [J ] . 汽车工程 , 2017 , 39 ( 5 ): 535 - 542 .

MA B , CHEN F , LI H Y , et al. A sudy on the efects of Shifting fequency upon aerage tmperature rse of cutches atomotive egineering [J ] . Automotive Engineering , 2017 , 39 ( 5 ): 535 - 542 . (in Chinese)

FAIDH-ALLAH M H . The temperature distribution in friction clutch disc under successive engagements [J ] . Tribology in Industry , 2018 , 40 ( 1 ): 92 - 99 . DOI: 10.24874/ti http://doi.org/10.24874/ti http://www.tribology.fink.rs/ http://www.tribology.fink.rs/

朱茂桃 , 司俊领 , 姚鹏 , 等 . 离合器压盘温度场与应力场分析及改进 [J ] . 科学技术与工程 , 2020 , 20 ( 2 ): 821 - 826 .

ZHU M T , SI J L , YAO P , et al. Temperature field and stress field analysis and improvement of clutch pressure plate [J ] . Science Technology and Engineering , 2020 , 20 ( 2 ): 821 - 826 . (in Chinese)

王立勇 , 吴瑾 , 李乐 , 等 . 径向非均布压力分布对湿式摩擦副热-机耦合影响 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2021 , 41 ( 6 ): 588 - 596 .

WANG L Y , WU J , LI L , et al. Influence of radial non-uniform pressure distribution on thermo mechanical coupling of wet friction pairs [J ] . Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology , 2021 , 41 ( 6 ): 588 - 596 . (in Chinese)

张金乐 , 马彪 , 张英锋 , 等 . 湿式换挡离合器温度场和应力场影响因素分析 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2010 , 30 ( 6 ): 660 - 664 .

ZHANG J L , MA B , ZHANG Y F , et al. Study on the factors affecting temperature field and stress field of the wet shift clutch [J ] . Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology , 2010 , 30 ( 6 ): 660 - 664 . (in Chinese)

于亮 , 马彪 , 李和言 , 等 . 卡簧约束对多片离合器温度场的影响分析 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2018 , 39 ( 4 ): 635 - 644 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.04.002 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.04.002 为分析卡簧约束对多片离合器接触应力分布的影响，运用Abaqus仿真软件建立了多片离合器三维有限元模型。通过数值模拟，得到了多片离合器摩擦表面的接触应力分布规律和多片离合器的温度场分布。仿真和试验结果表明：卡簧约束导致了摩擦副接触应力沿径向分布不均匀，越靠近卡簧，摩擦元件的外径接触应力越大，径向应力差异越大；越远离卡簧，径向应力分布差异趋于平缓，并逐渐接近活塞压力；卡簧轴向约束导致了摩擦元件的径向温差加大，外径温升快，内径温升慢，并且轴向不同位置摩擦元件的温度场分布不一致，近卡簧侧的摩擦元件更易发生热翘曲；离合器低速长时滑摩试验验证了该温度场模型的正确性，所建模型能够切实有效地反映离合器的实际温升特性。

YU L , MA B , LI H Y , et al. Effect of circlip constraint on temperature field of multi-disc clutch [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2018 , 39 ( 4 ): 635 - 644 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.04.002 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.04.002 In order to investigate the influence of circlip constraint on the contact stress distributions of multi-disc clutch, a 3D finite element model is developed by Abaqus software. The contact stress distribution is obtained by the 3D finite element model, and the temperature distribution is obtained through numerical simulation. The simulated and experimental results show that the concentrated load of circlip results in the uneven distribution of radial contact stress of friction pairs during the clutch engagement process. The closer the friction surface is to the circlip, the larger the contact stress of outer radius of friction surface is, and the more obvious the difference of the radial contact stress is; when the friction pair is away from the circlip, the contact stress gets closer and closer to the piston pressure, and the difference of radial contact stress tends to be ease. The concentrated load of circlip leads to the increase in the radial temperature difference. The temperature in outer radius rises significantly, while the temperature in inner radius increases slowly. Moreover, the temperature fields of friction components in different axial directions are inconsistent, and the friction component near the circlip is more prone to be buckled. The proposed temperature field model is verified effectively by long time, low speed sliding experiments, which can better reflect the actual temperature rise characteristics of the multi-disc clutch.Key

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