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- 摘要：Parachute opening shock (POS) injury is a major component of parachuting-related trauma and remains an important concern in aviation and military medicine. Focusing on the lumbar and cervical regions of the spine, which are particularly vulnerable during POS, this study developed a harness-human finite element model based on a detailed three-dimensional human body model to numerically investigate spinal biomechanical responses under realistic parachute opening loads. The results showed that lumbar injury during parachute opening shock is primarily driven by combined compressive, shear, and bending loads caused by the eccentric application of harness forces. The most vulnerable lumbar structures were located in the lower lumbar spine, including posterior column structures such as the inferior articular processes and pedicles, as well as ligaments in the anterior column. In contrast, cervical injury was mainly associated with combined tensile, shear, and bending loads generated by inertial motion of the head. The most vulnerable cervical structures were concentrated in the mid-cervical spine and included the superior and inferior articular processes, laminae, pedicles, and ligaments in the posterior column.
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2026-09-09
- 摘要：To significantly enhance the energy output and comprehensive damage efficacy of cast explosives, this study focuses on the application potential and action mechanism of Al-Li alloy fuel in high-energy explosive systems. Al-Li alloy fuel with a particle size of 13 µm was successfully customized using a combined vacuum melting and gas atomization preparation technique. The reaction characteristics between the alloy fuel and CL-20, as well as its safety and detonation performance in CL-20‑based cast explosives, were systematically investigated by means of laser diagnostics, electric explosion tests, compatibility tests, and detonation heat measurements. The results show that the as-prepared Al-Li alloy fuel exhibits uniform particle size and a smooth surface, with a median particle diameter (D50) of approximately 13 µm. As the lithium content increases to 4%, the hardness of the fuel gradually rises, the combustion heat value increases to 31.03 kJ/g, and the reaction characteristics with CL-20 become more pronounced. Transient heating characteristics indicate that the pressurization rate and shock wave velocity of the Al-Li alloy fuel during instantaneous temperature rise are significantly improved. Specifically, for the AlLi4 alloy fuel, the pressurization rate reaches 24.39 MPa·s⁻¹, and the shock wave velocity reaches 607.73 m/s. The compatibility between the Al-Li alloy fuel and HTPB, a key component of the cast explosive, is poor; when the lithium content increases to 4%, the compatibility no longer meets the application requirements. Meanwhile, the mechanical sensitivity gradually increases with rising lithium content. Furthermore, compared with an aluminum‑containing cast explosive, the cast explosive containing AlLi2 exhibits an increase in detonation velocity of 123.68 m/s and an increase in detonation heat of 240.56 kJ/kg.
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2026-09-08
- 摘要：To address the path planning and autonomous obstacle avoidance challenges faced by underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles （AUVs） in the underwater confrontation environments with dynamic threats and unknown obstacles， this paper proposes an improved dynamic window algorithm （IDWA） integrating spatial-domain perception sampling and interacting multiple model （IMM） trajectory prediction. Considering the limited planning horizon of the traditional DWA and its difficulty in meeting the early avoidance requirements of high-inertia carriers， a three-dimensional dynamic window is constructed based on the AUV’s perception range. Directional sampling is then performed under maneuverability constraints to enhance the foresight and smoothness of path planning. To overcome the limitations of traditional physical-boundary-based obstacle avoidance in handling the non-contact threats， the enemy targets are modeled as the hierarchical threat fields comprising collision， weapon strike， and detection layers. Furthermore， the IMM algorithm is introduced for multi-model trajectory prediction， enabling the proactive quantitative assessment of dynamic threats. On this basis， a comprehensive evaluation function integrating path safety， trajectory following and target guidance is designed for path re-planning decisions. Simulated results demonstrate that， compared with the traditional DWA， the proposed algorithm increases the path safety by 24% and reduces the cumulative path curvature by 34.5%， thus verifying the effectiveness of the improved algorithm in ensuring safety and stability under dynamic threat conditions.
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2026-09-08
- 摘要：Cooperative truck-drone delivery under the low-altitude economy is often constrained by fixed drone payloads and battery configurations, which severely limits its application scenarios. To address this issue, this paper investigates the Vehicle Routing Problem with Drones and Battery Allocation (VRPD-BA) considering flexible payload-battery configurations. First, a physics-driven drone energy consumption model is constructed, and a task-demand-oriented dynamic allocation mechanism for airborne battery modules and payloads is established. Through the flexible coupling of "payload-battery", adaptive matching for diverse flight ranges and payload demands is achieved. Second, an intelligent optimization method characterized by a deep integration of data structures and heuristic rules is proposed. Within the framework of a memetic algorithm, an energy-payload mapping data structure tailored for flexible configuration decisions is designed to reduce the dimensionality of the decision space, and heuristic search operators embedded with energy consumption constraints are developed, thereby achieving the collaborative optimization of configuration strategies and routing plans. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can obtain the same optimal solutions as mathematical programming solvers in small-scale instances while improving computational efficiency by over 90%. For medium- and large-scale instances, it significantly outperforms mainstream heuristic approaches in solution quality, with superior statistical significance verified by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. This study confirms that the flexible payload-battery configuration strategy effectively breaks through the limitations of fixed parameters and offers superior adaptability under extreme payload and range conditions, providing a theoretical insights and decision support for the efficient scheduling of low-altitude intelligent logistics.
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2026-09-08
Introduction
Editor in Chief: MAO Ming
Edited and Published by:
Editorial Board of Acta Armamentarii
ISSN：1000-1093
CN：11-2176/TJ
phone：010-68963060/68962718
Email：bgxb@cos.org.cn
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- 0 1 Overview of Key Technology and Its Development of Drone Swarm 2838
- 0 2 Review and Prospect of Missile Plasma Synthetic Jet Control Technology 2450
- 0 3 Maritime Manned/unmanned Collaborative Systems and Key Technologies: A Survey 2340
- 0 4 Research and Comparison of Protection Rating in Domestic and Foreign Bulletproof Standards 2321
- 0 5 An Overview of Research on Military Unmanned Ground Vehicles 1994
- 0 6 Research on Improved YOLOv5-based Military Target Recognition Algorithm Used in Complex Battlefield Environment 1682
- 0 7 Multi-target Assignment and Intelligent Decision Based on Reinforcement Learning 1651
- 0 8 A Review on the Research of Lateral Control for Intelligent Vehicles 1548
- 0 9 Experimental Investigation of Ground Reflected Overpressure of Shock Wave in Air Blast 1403
- 10 Research on Interior Ballistics Stability of Small-caliber Recoilless Gun with High Muzzle Velocity of Projectile 1367
- 11 Multi-Dimensional Decision-Making for UAV Air Combat Based on Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning 1351
- 12 Improved YOLOv3 Algorithm and Its Application in Military Target Detection 1347
- 13 Knowledge Reasoning-based Intelligent Design Method of Kill-web 1345
- 14 Review and Prospect of Life Extension Technology for Gun Barrels 1313
- 15 Constitutive Relation and Fracture Criterion of 2A12 Aluminum Alloy 1287
- 16 Importance Evaluation of Kill Network Nodes Based on OODA Loop 1253
- 17 Numerical Simulation of the Penetration of M855A1 EPR into Steel Targets 1238
- 18 Modeling and Optimization Method of Kill Chains Based on AGE-MOEA 1218
- 19 A Review on Cooperative Motion Planning of Unmanned Vehicles 1210
- 20 Research Progress in Synthesis of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane2*3/4〗PANG Si-pingSHEN Fan-fanLYU PENG-haoDONG KaiZHANG Yi-yingSUN Cheng-huiSONG Jian-weiZHAO Xin-qi (725)Research NotesScale Model and Model Experiment of Electromagnetic Coil Launcher 1157
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2026年第47卷第8期
- 摘要：The accurate prediction of the depth of scouring crater formed by water jet impingement on the seabed is of great significance for parameter optimization and equipment selection in submarine cable laying engineering. Although the conventional numerical simulation methods offer high computational accuracy， they suffer from high computational costs and long time-consuming. The graph neural networks （GNNs） excel at simulating the large-deformation physical processes but exhibit limited accuracy in handling the localized small-deformations. To address this， this paper proposes a GNN model integrated with a physics-aware large-deformation weighting mechanism （PAW-GNN model）. By discretizing the seabed structure into a particle system， constructing a graph representation， and employing an autoregressive prediction strategy， the PAW-GNN model efficiently predicts the dynamic evolution of seabed scour depth under water jet impact. The PAW-GNN model is trained and validated on a dataset comprising 40 simulation cases covering various jet widths and velocities. The test results demonstrate that the prediction accuracy of PAW-GNN model is consistent with those of the conventional numerical simulation methods， and the mean absolute percentage error and the coefficient of determination reach satisfactory levels. Furthermore， it improves the computational efficiency by an order of magnitude compared to the conventional numerical simulation methods. The PAW-GNN model also exhibits robust generalization capability in both interpolation and extrapolation tests. The PAW-GNN model provides a reliable alternative for the rapid prediction of water jet-induced seabed scouring processes.关键词：graph neural network;Physics-aware weighting;Seabed scouring;Water jet impingement;Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics117|25|0更新时间：
- 摘要：The influence of flight altitude on the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of flight vehicle during reentry process is studied. This paper establishes a three-dimensional unsteady chemical non-equilibrium flow numerical simulation method and a plasma-coated target numerical simulation method based on finite volume time domain （FVTD） method. The influence of flight altitude rise/descent on the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of typical flight vehicle is studied. The results show that， when the flight altitude changes rapidly， the plasma distribution in the flow field and the electromagnetic scattering of the plasma-coated target are obviously unsteady， and the influences of unsteady effect on the electron number density and the backward radar cross section （RCS） area can reach up to 46% and 30%， respectively. When the flight altitude descends， the flow field temperature is lower and the ionization reaction is weaker compared with the steady state result of same altitude， which leads to the decrease in the electron number density in flow field and the reduction in the RCS of plasma coated target， while the situation is just the opposite when the flight altitude rises. The influence of changes in flight altitude is more significant when there is altitude fluctuation in flight trajectory， and the backward RCS area of the target can differ by 50% when flight vehicle reaches the same flight altitude through the process of altitude rising/descending. In present condition， the influences of plasma sheath and flight altitude variation on RCS are quite significant when UHF band radar is used， and the influences are obviously weakened when L-band and S-band radars are used.关键词：reentry vehicle;chemical nonequilibrium;plasma sheath;electromagnetic scattering;numerical simulation94|129|0更新时间：
- 摘要：To address the lack of systematic quantitative prediction of local damage characteristics of reinforced concrete （RC） beams under close-in explosion， the Karagozian & Case concrete model is calibrated and validated. The tensile softening behavior and the influence of local characteristic length are modified， enabling the model to more accurately capture the damage evolution of concrete under blast loading. A finite element model of RC beams subjected to close-in explosion is established and validated against existing experimental results， demonstrating its effectiveness in reproducing the typical local failure modes as well as structural responses such as displacement and support reaction. Furthermore， the effects of charge aspect ratio， reinforcement ratio， and cross-sectional dimensions on the local damage patterns and characteristic dimensions of the reinforced concrete beams are systematically analyzed， revealing the governing mechanisms of these parameters on peeling-off length， spalling length， as well as crushing length and depth. On this basis， a predictive model for local damage characteristic dimensions is developed through the regression analysis of numerical results， and a correction factor is introduced to improve the prediction accuracy of spalling length. The findings indicate that the proposed model can accurately predict the local damage dimensions of RC beams subjected to close-in explosions， providing useful references for blast-resistant design and structural safety assessment.关键词：close-in explosion;reinforced concrete beam;Karagozian & Case model;local damage dimension;prediction model136|22|0更新时间：
- 摘要：The consistency issue of anti-ship platform aircraft clusters in attacking the radar radio frequency （RF） stealth targetsis studied. This paper proposes a cooperative guidance method that achieves temporal and spatial consistency while taking into account the dynamic constraints on line-of-sight （LOS） angle errors and reducing the communication frequency. The method is used to decouple the three-dimensional cooperative guidance problem and designs an adaptive time-coordination guidance law for the LOS direction based on a dynamic event-triggered algorithm. A fixed-time convergent disturbance observer is used to estimate the target disturbances， enhancing the robustness of the system while lowering the frequency of communication. For the LOS normal direction， the method integrates a prescribed performance sliding mode guidance law with a dynamic gain adjustment strategy. The rapid convergence of attack angle error within predefined bounds is achieved by constructing a novel sliding surface with fixed-time convergence properties and applying a performance function constraint strategy， thus strictly maintaining the dynamic performance of LOS angle errors throughout the attack. The stability of the control method is proved based on Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method ensures the accuracy of cooperative guidance while reducing the frequency of communication， and keeps the convergence dynamics of LOS angle error within the prescribed limits.关键词：cooperative guidance law;prescribed performance;fixed-time convergence;dynamic event-triggering;sliding mode control17|14|0更新时间：
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