Validation Study on Standardized Non-Lethal Test Projectiles Using Integrated Rigid Wall Impact Experiments and Simulations

WU Jiakai; WANG Song; SONG Jiaming; CHEN Bin

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2026.0125

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Validation Study on Standardized Non-Lethal Test Projectiles Using Integrated Rigid Wall Impact Experiments and Simulations

更新时间：2026-08-22

- Validation Study on Standardized Non-Lethal Test Projectiles Using Integrated Rigid Wall Impact Experiments and Simulations
- Acta Armamentarii (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.武警工程大学装备管理与保障学院, 陕西西安 710086
  2.武警工程大学研究生大队, 陕西西安 710086
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12382/bgxb.2026.0125
  CLC： TJ401
- Received：04 February 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-03-29，
  
  Accepted：13 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
WU Jiakai, WANG Song, SONG Jiaming, et al. Validation Study on Standardized Non-Lethal Test Projectiles Using Integrated Rigid Wall Impact Experiments and Simulations[J/OL]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026.
DOI：

WU Jiakai, WANG Song, SONG Jiaming, et al. Validation Study on Standardized Non-Lethal Test Projectiles Using Integrated Rigid Wall Impact Experiments and Simulations[J/OL]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2026.0125.

摘要

针对钝性弹道冲击测试靶标验证缺乏标准化测试弹丸的问题，以北约标准化弹丸SIR-X为参照，提出一种联合物理实验与数值模拟的弹丸构建与验证方法。构建标准化测试弹丸几何模型，通过组合聚氨酯泡沫弹头与聚偏二氟乙烯‌(Polyvinylidene Fluoride‌，PVDF)材质弹体制备弹头硬度各异（邵氏硬度30~70 HOO）的5种物理测试弹丸，并观测其微观结构特性，依据北大西洋公约组织标准AEP-99响应走廊进行刚性壁冲击实验筛选，确定弹头硬度为60 HOO的弹丸为符合标准的基准物理弹丸。基于相同几何模型构建弹丸有限元模型（数字测试弹丸），并进行刚性壁冲击仿真，对标AEP-99标准响应走廊，完成数字测试弹丸验证；进而开展物理测试弹丸和数字测试弹丸冲击响应一致性验证，调整材料参数，在两种碰击速度下，冲击实验和仿真所产生的峰值位移、峰值力及其到达时刻误差值均不超过5%，平均绝对差值对比分析进一步表明，数字测试弹丸能够较好复现物理测试弹丸的冲击载荷及变形响应，二者具有较高的冲击响应一致性。研究结果表明，所构建的标准化非致命测试弹丸能够同时满足AEP-99标准响应要求及物理与数字冲击响应一致性要求，其中物理测试弹丸具有制备工艺简便、成本低和研制周期短等特点，数字测试弹丸则可有效表征其实验冲击行为。该方法可为非致命动能弹测试靶标的标准化验证提供支撑，推动相关靶标制备与验证规范、损伤评估标准的建立，并可为新型非致命动能弹的设计与性能评价提供参考。

Abstract

Addressing the lack of standardized test projectiles for validating targets in blunt ballistic impact testing

this paper proposes a methodology for projectile construction and validation that integrates physical experiments and numerical simulations

using the NATO standardized projectile SIR-X as a reference. In the physical experiments

following the construction of a geometric model for the standardized test projectile

five physical test projectiles with varying projectile head hardness (Shore hardness 30-70 HOO) were fabricated. Through rigid wall impact tests conducted in accordance with the AEP-99 standard response corridor

the projectile with a head hardness of 60 HOO was selected as the benchmark physical projectile conforming to the standard. In the numerical simulations

a finite element model (digital test projectile) was developed based on the identical geometric model and subjected to rigid wall impact simulations. The digital test projectile was validated against the AEP-99 standard response corridor. Subsequently

consistency verification of the impact responses between the physical and digital test projectiles was performed. After adjusting material parameters

the errors in peak displacement

peak force

and their respective timing between impact experiments and simulations under two impact velocities were all less than 5%. Further analysis of the mean absolute differences demonstrates that the digital test projectile can accurately reproduce the impact load and deformation responses of the physical test projectile

showing good consistency in impact response. The results indicate that the developed standardized non-lethal test projectile satisfies both the AEP-99 response requirements and the consistency requirements between physical and digital impact responses. The physical test projectile features a simple fabrication process

low cost

and short development cycle

while the digital test projectile effectively represents its experimental impact behavior. This method provides technical support for the standardized validation of test targets for non-lethal kinetic-energy projectiles

facilitates the development of relevant target fabrication and validation procedures and injury assessment standards

and offers a reference for the design and performance evaluation of new non-lethal kinetic-energy projectiles.

关键词

Keywords

references

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