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A Fast Simulation Approach Based on the Projectile-Target Separation method for Modeling the Penetration of Armor-Piercing Projectiles into Hollow Structured Armor
- Acta Armamentarii (2026)
- 作者机构：
1. 北京航空航天大学 航空科学与工程学院,北京,100191
2. 南京理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,江苏,南京,210094
3. 内蒙古第一机械集团有限公司科研所,内蒙古,包头,014030
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
DOI：10.12382/bgxb.2025.1036
CLC： O347Received：24 November 2025，
Online First：10 February 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
马德沛，李明净，王克鸿，等. 穿甲弹侵彻孔结构装甲过程的弹靶分离快速仿真方法[J/OL]. 兵工学报, 2026(2026-02-10). https://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2025.1036.
LI M N, WANG K H, DONG L T. A fast simulation approach based on the projectile-target separation method for modeling the penetration of armor-piercing projectiles into hollow structured armor[J/OL]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026(2026-02-10). https://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2025.1036. (in Chinese)
马德沛，李明净，王克鸿，等. 穿甲弹侵彻孔结构装甲过程的弹靶分离快速仿真方法[J/OL]. 兵工学报, 2026(2026-02-10). https://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2025.1036. DOI：
LI M N, WANG K H, DONG L T. A fast simulation approach based on the projectile-target separation method for modeling the penetration of armor-piercing projectiles into hollow structured armor[J/OL]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026(2026-02-10). https://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2025.1036. (in Chinese) DOI：
摘要
孔结构装甲是新型防护结构，主要通过使穿甲弹受不对称侵彻阻力偏转折断以削弱侵彻力。孔结构装甲侵彻过程复杂，现有理论分析难以精准捕捉弹体受力，数值仿真又存在模型复杂、效率低下的问题。面向孔结构装甲的抗弹机理研究和精细化设计需求，提出一种基于弹靶分离法的穿甲弹侵彻过程快速仿真方法，该方法不需要构建靶板的有限元模型，而是引入了靶板状态追踪函数来模拟其复杂内部结构；弹体采用有限元模型，并采用阻力函数计算弹体表面单元所受的侵彻阻力，从而模拟其复杂变形和破坏过程；提出基于轴力和弯矩的失效判据来判断弹体受到非对称侵彻阻力时的弯曲和折断现象。采用该方法模拟穿甲弹对实心钢靶的正/斜侵彻过程，以及对孔结构钢靶的侵彻过程，验证该方法在模拟弹体速度变化、弹道轨迹和变形破坏方面与有限元弹靶模型的精度相当，但单元数量显著降低、计算效率显著提升，且不需要处理弹靶接触、靶板变形破坏等复杂非线性问题。所提方法可以高效准确地模拟穿甲弹对实心/空心金属装甲的侵彻过程，为新型金属装甲的研制提供工具支撑。
Abstract
Hollow structured armor is a novel protective structure that primarily weakens the penetration capability by subjecting armor-piercing projectiles to asymmetric penetration resistance
causing their deflection and fracture. Its penetration process is highly complex: existing theoretical analysis methods fail to accurately capture the force acting on the projectile body
while numerical simulation methods suffer from complex models and low efficiency.To address the demands of ballistic mechanism research and refined design for hollow structured armor
this paper proposes a fast simulation method for the armor-piercing projectile penetration process based on the projectile-target separation method. This approach eliminates the need to construct a finite element model (FEM) of the target; instead
it introduces a target state tracking function to simulate the target’s complex internal structure. The projectile is modeled using FEM
and a resistance function is employed to calculate the penetration resistance acting on the surface elements of the projectile
thereby enabling the simulation of its complex deformation and failure processes. Additionally
a failure criterion based on axial force and bending moment is proposed to determine the bending and fracture behaviors of the projectile when subjected to asymmetric penetration resistance. This method is applied to simulate the normal/oblique penetration of armor-piercing projectiles into solid steel targets as well as the penetration into hollow structured steel targets. Verification results indicate that the proposed method achieves comparable accuracy to full FEM projectile-target models in simulating projectile velocity variation
ballistic trajectory
and deformation failure. Meanwhile
it significantly reduces the number of elements
improves computational efficiency
and avoids the need to handle complex nonlinear problems such as projectile-target contact and target deformation failure. In summary
the method proposed in this paper enables efficient and accurate simulation of armor-piercing projectile penetration into both solid and hollow metal armors
providing technical support for the development of new metal armor systems.
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references
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