Transient Thermal Effects in 3D Small-caliber Gun Barrel Systems and Its Relationship with Thermal Deviation

CHEN Shida; CAO Yanfeng; XU Cheng

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0907

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Transient Thermal Effects in 3D Small-caliber Gun Barrel Systems and Its Relationship with Thermal Deviation

更新时间：2026-07-06

- Transient Thermal Effects in 3D Small-caliber Gun Barrel Systems and Its Relationship with Thermal Deviation
- Acta Armamentarii Vol. 47, Issue 6, Pages: 250907(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12382/bgxb.2025.0907
  CLC： TJ202
- Received：07 September 2025，
  
  Online First：02 March 2026，
  
  Published：2026-06
- 稿件说明：
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CHEN Shida, CAO Yanfeng, XU Cheng. Transient Thermal Effects in 3D Small-caliber Gun Barrel Systems and Its Relationship with Thermal Deviation[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(6): 250907.
DOI：

CHEN Shida, CAO Yanfeng, XU Cheng. Transient Thermal Effects in 3D Small-caliber Gun Barrel Systems and Its Relationship with Thermal Deviation[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(6): 250907. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0907.

摘要

以带外接配件的复杂枪管系统为研究对象，针对高射弹数下瞬态热响应与热偏的定量关联问题，展开了系统研究。使用红外热像仪获取了连续射击中身管外表面的动态温度时空分布特征；为突破现有单身管模型的局限性，建立含外接件和铬镀层的小口径身管的三维热固耦合模型，利用三维有限元法对复杂结构身管在连续射击的高频热载荷下的瞬态温度场和变形场进行分析，计算结果与试验结果误差小于11%，验证了模型的准确性，计算得到了含外接件身管的瞬态温度响应和变形响应，对比不含镀层的计算结果，明确了镀层在热防护中的作用。建立融合瞄具的高低角变化和膛口偏转角变化的弹着点偏移预测模型，提出小口径步枪的热偏计算方法，结合该方法与合含外接件身管三维热固耦合模型的分析结果，进一步对100 m射距的弹着点热偏移进行预测，明确热枪状态下弹着点向上偏移规律；通过多组射击精度试验，验证了该热偏预测计算方法的正确性。研究成果为枪械热设计优化与射击精度提升提供了新的理论支撑与技术途径。

Abstract

The quantitative relationship between transient thermal response and thermal deviation under high-volume firing conditions is investigated by taking a complex barrel system with external attachments as the research object. The dynamic spatiotemporal characteristics of barrel outer surface temperature during continuous firing are captured using an infrared thermal imager. A three-dimensional thermostructure coupling model for a small-caliber barrel with external components and chromium plating layer is established to overcome the limitations of existing single-barrel models. The transient temperature and deformation fields of the complex structure barrel under high-frequency thermal loads are analyzed via the 3D finite element method. The error between the simulated and experimental results is less than 11%

which verifies the accuracy of the model. The transient temperature response and deformation response of the barrel with the external components are calculated. A prediction model for impact point deviation is developed

integrating the variations in the gunsight elevation angle and muzzle deflection angle

and a thermal deviation calculation method for small-caliber rifles is proposed. The thermal deviations of the impact point at a 100 m range are predicted based on the proposed method and the analysis results from the 3D thermo-mechanical coupling model

revealing a consistent upward shift of impact point under hotgun conditions. The validity of the proposed thermal deviation prediction method is confirmed through multiple sets of firing accuracy tests. This research provides new theoretical support and technical approaches for optimizing the firearm thermal design and improving the firing accuracy.

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Related Institution

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State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact, Army Engineering University of PLA

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