In response to the demand for high-precision target positioning of airborne electro-optical payloads in complex environment，the comprehensive target positioning capability of airborne payloads is studied.This paper proposes a test scheme for evaluating the comprehensive target positioning capability of airborne electro-optical payloads in complex field environments.Based on the positioning principles of electro-optical payloads，the scheme is used to quantitatively assesses the positioning capabilities of different types of electro-optical payloads under complex environmental conditions.A specific type of airborne electro-optical payload is tested and verified.The verified results indicate that the angular positioning error is amplified with the increase in the target distance when the platform exhibits slight motion，thereby affecting the positioning accuracy.Additionally，the assembly deviations between the boresight and optical axis result in the ability to detect and lock onto distant targets，but lead to the increased positioning errors or even failure to position accurately.This scheme enables the quantitative evaluation of the positioning capability of airborne electro-optical payloads.The work in this paper provides a clear direction for performance optimization of such payloads.Future efforts will further incorporate other weather conditions and conduct the positioning capability tests on dynamic targets.