Prediction of Third-order Intermodulation Effects from Out-of-band Electromagnetic Interference in UAV Data Links

ZHANG Xiaolu; ZHAO Min; CHEN Yazhou

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0138

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Prediction of Third-order Intermodulation Effects from Out-of-band Electromagnetic Interference in UAV Data Links

更新时间：2026-04-24

- Prediction of Third-order Intermodulation Effects from Out-of-band Electromagnetic Interference in UAV Data Links
- Acta Armamentarii Vol. 47, Issue 1, Pages: 250138(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  陆军工程大学石家庄校区电磁环境效应重点实验室，河北石家庄 050003
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12382/bgxb.2025.0138
  CLC： TN972
- Received：03 March 2025，
  
  Online First：11 February 2026，
  
  Published：31 January 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
ZHANG Xiaolu, ZHAO Min, CHEN Yazhou. Prediction of Third-order Intermodulation Effects from Out-of-band Electromagnetic Interference in UAV Data Links[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(1): 250138.
DOI：

ZHANG Xiaolu, ZHAO Min, CHEN Yazhou. Prediction of Third-order Intermodulation Effects from Out-of-band Electromagnetic Interference in UAV Data Links[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2026, 47(1): 250138. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0138.

摘要

针对无人机复杂电磁环境效应预测的军事需求，以直接序列扩频型无人机数据链为研究对象，基于3阶互调效应机理分析，引入无人机数据链带外电磁干扰3阶互调效应因子与效应指数，提出一种无人机数据链带外电磁干扰3阶互调效应预测模型。将理论推导与效应试验相结合，给出效应因子的测定方法，并开展双源带外干扰注入的3阶互调效应试验，获得数据链带外频点的效应因子。为验证模型的有效性，开展双源与三源带外干扰注入的效应指数试验。分析结果表明：正频偏效应因子最大值为142. 89，负频偏效应因子最大值为54. 52，负频偏端拥有更强的抗3阶互调干扰能力；效应指数的试验结果与理论预测的误差小于1. 41 dB，验证了新模型的准确性，为抗干扰策略的优化设计提供了理论依据。

Abstract

To address the military demand for the prediction of complex electromagnetic environment effects of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data links

a prediction model of third-order intermodulation (IM3) effects from out-of-band electromagnetic interference (EMI) in UAV data links is proposed. The model focuses on the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)-based UAV data links and introduces the IM3 effect factor and effect index of the out-of-band EMI based on the analysis of IM3 effect mechanism. A measurement method for the effect factor is established by integrating theoretical derivation and effect experiment

and IM3 effect experiments of dual-source out-of-band interference injection are used to obtain the effect factor at out-of-band frequency point. The effect indexes of dual-source and three-source out-of-band interference injections are tested to validate the model. The results show that the peak effect factor at positive frequency offsets reaches 142. 89

while that at negative frequency offsets is 54. 52

demonstrating a stronger resistance to IM3 interference on the negative frequency offset side. Furthermore

the deviation between the experimental and theoretical values of effect index is less than 1. 41 dB

validating the accuracy of the proposed model and providing theoretical support for optimizing the anti-interference strategies.

关键词

Keywords

references

胡明哲，李旭光，任智颖，等.基于改进启发函数的A * 算法的无人机三维路径规划[J ] .兵工学报，2024,45（增刊1）:302-307.

HU M Z, LI X G, REN Z Y, et al.UAV 3D path planning based on A * algorithm with improved heuristic function [J ] .Acta Armamentarii,2024,45（S1）:302-307.（in Chinese）

XU T, CHEN Y Z, ZHAO M, et al. Adaptive EMS test design method on UAV data link based on Bayesian optimization [J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2023, 65（3）:716-724.

XIA Y, LIU W, ZHANG K, et al. Bounding the path loss in UAV-assisted wireless sensor networks[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2024,23（8）:2341-2345.

YIN Z Y, LI J, WANG Z, et al. UAV communication against intelligent jamming: a Stackelberg game approach with federated reinforcement learning [J].IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking,2024,8（4）:1796-1808.

LIU S, YANG H L, XIAO L, et al. Learning-based resource management optimization for UAV-assisted MEC against jamming [J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications,2024,72（8）:4873-4886.

KIM D, YOON D. Novel algorithm for blind estimation of scramblers in DSSS systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security,2023,18:2292-2302.

LU Q R, HE F M, WANG Z, et al. Performance analysis for DSSS with short period sequences encountering broadband interference [J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2024,73（11）:16697-16710.

LI X H, HAN Y B, ZHANG Y. Delayed signals subspace projection for LFM interference suppression in DSSS communication systems [J]. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters,2024,13（7）:1863-1867.

李振东，谭维凤，康成斌，等.直接序列扩频系统抗干扰能力研究[J].电子与信息学报，2021,43（1）:116-123.

LI Z D, TAN W F, KANG C B, et al.Research on anti-interference ability of direct sequence spread spectrum system[J].Journal of Electronics & Information Technology,2021,43（1）:116-123.（in Chinese）

辜方林，彭进霖，黄育侦，等.新型直接序列扩频通信方法[J].通信学报，2023,44（12）:78-85.

GU F L, PENG J L, HUANG Y Z, et al.Novel direct sequence spread spectrum communication method [J].Journal on Communications,2023,44（12）:78-85.（in Chinese）

许彤，陈亚洲，王玉明，等.无人机数据链带内连续波电磁干扰效应研究[J].北京理工大学学报，2021,41（10）:1084-1094.

XU T, CHEN Y Z, WANG Y M, et al.Research on in-band continuous wave electromagnetic interference effect of unmanned aerial vehicle data link[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2021,41（10）:1084-1094.（in Chinese）

许彤，陈亚洲，王玉明，等.无人机数据链宽带白噪声电磁干扰效应研究[J].系统工程与电子技术，2023,45（7）:1965-1973.

XU T, CHEN Y Z, WANG Y M, et al.Research on wideband white noise electromagnetic interference effect of UAV data link [J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2023,45（7）:1965-1973.（in Chinese）

张庆龙，王玉明，程二威，等.导航接收机带外电磁干扰的效应规律及预测方法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术，2021, 43（9）:2588-2593.

ZHANG Q L, WANG Y M, CHENG E W, et al.Investigation on the effect law and prediction method of out-of-band electromagnetic interference in navigation receiver [J].System Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43（9）: 2588-2593.（in Chinese）

高畅，任远桢，张厚强，等.HPM对无人机数据链干扰效应研究[J].无线电工程，2022,52（9）:1649-1654.

GAO C, REN Y Z, ZHANG H Q, et al. Research on interference effect of HPM on UAV data link[J]. Radio Engineering,2022, 52（9）:1649-1654.（in Chinese）

ZHANG D X, ZHOU X, CHENG E W, et al. Investigation on effects of HPM pulse on UAV's datalink[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2020,62（3）:829-839.

WANG Y M, MA L Y, CHEN Y Z. Electromagnetic energy coupling path and protection method of UAV datalink against broad-spectrum high-power microwave radiation [J]. Radioengineering,2022,31（2）:201-209.

ZHANG D X, ZHAO M, CHENG E W, et al. GPR-based EMI prediction for UAV's dynamic datalink[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2021,63（1）:19-29.

XU T, WANG Y M, ZHANG D X, et al. Prediction on EMS of UAV's data link based on SSA-optimized dual-channel CNN[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2022, 64（5）:1346-1356.

XU T, CHEN Y Z, WANG Y M, et al. EMI threat assessment of UAV data link based on multi-task CNN[J]. Electronics,2023, 12（7）:1631-1642.

ZHANG X L, CHEN Y Z, ZHAO M, et al. Assessment of EMI effects on UAV data links [J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2025,67（3）:786-799.

WANG Y, HAO J M, LIU W P, et al. Dynamic evaluation of GNSS spoofing and jamming efficacy based on game theory[J]. IEEE Access,2020,8:13845-13857.

孙志国，肖硕，吴毅杰，等.面向认知通信防护的穿透式干扰效能评估方法[J].通信学报，2023,44（11）:161-172.

SUN Z G, XIAO S, WU Y J, et al.Evaluation method of penetrating jamming effectiveness for cognitive communication protection[J].Journal on Communication,2023,44（11）:161-172.（in Chinese）

XIN M R, CAI Z R. A feature fusion-based communication jamming recognition method [J]. Wireless Networks, 2023, 29（7）:2993-3004.

LI L T, WANG P, ZHAN D X, et al. Jamming detection and suppression technique for OTFS systems in an AWGN channel [J]. Electronics,2025,14（7）:1286-1302.

MEN Y, WEN A J, WANG Y C, et al. Photonic-assisted wideband radar jamming signal generator with flexible tunability[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology,2024,42（19）:6808-6815.

HAN H, LI W, FENG Z B, et al. Proceed from known to unknown:jamming pattern recognition under open-set setting[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters,2022,11（4）:693-697.

WANG P Y, MA K, BAI Y S, et al. Wireless interference recognition with multimodal learning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2024,23（12）:18576-18591.

DU X, WEI G H, PAN X D, et al. Study on the law and mechanism of the third-order intermodulation false alarm effect of the stepped frequency ranging radar [J]. Electronics, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022, 11（22）:3722.

中央军委装备发展部.系统电磁环境效应试验方法：GJB 8848-2016 [S].北京：国家军用标准出版发行部，2016.

Equipment Development Department of Central Military Commission.Electromagnetic environmental effects test methods for systems:GJB 8848-2016 [S].Beijing: National Military Standard Publishing and Distribution Department, 2016.（in Chinese）

ZHANG D X, CHENG E W, WAN H J, et al. Prediction of electromagnetic compatibility for dynamic datalink of UAV[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2019, 61（5）:1474-1482.

Views

下载量

CNKI被引量

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Image-based Visual Servoing Control of UAV Dynamic Landing under Field of View Constraints

Three-dimensional UAV Path Planning Based on Modified Marine Predators Algorithm

A Maneuver Strategy of UAV to Evade a Medium-long Range Air-to-air Missile in Terminal Guidance

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Formation Control Based on Prescribed-time Consensus Theory

Related Author

ZHANG Xiaolu

ZHAO Min

CHEN Yazhou

GUO Hanyu

SONG Tao

YE Jianchuan

ZHU Hai

ZHOU Jiexin

Related Institution

National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effects, Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering University

Intelligent Game and Decision Laboratory

Defense Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Military Sciences

School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology

State Key Laboratory of Air Traffic Management System, The 28th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation

Postal code：100089
Tel：010-68963060/68962718 Fax：010-68963025 Email：bgxb@cos.org.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备05059581号-4 京公网安备11010802024360号
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.
Total Visits：119049 Visits Today：36

⁰