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SUI Y T , ZHANG A M , MING F R , et al . Experimental investigation of oblique water entry of high-speed truncated cone projectiles: cavity dynamics and impact load [J ] . Journal of Fluids and Structures , 2021 , 104 : 103305 .

FAN H W , HUANG Z G , WANG H , et al . Numerical study of high-speed vertical water entry of hollow projectiles with different aperture sizes and velocities [J ] . Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics , 2023 , 16 ( 11 ): 2219 - 2234 .

黄振贵 , 范浩伟 , 陈志华 , 等 . 空心弹高速入水机理及特性数值模拟研究 [J ] . 爆炸与冲击 , 2024 , 44 ( 1 ): 117 - 131 .

HUANG Z G , FAN H W , CHEN Z H , et al . Numerical simulation study on the mechanism and characteristics of high-speed water entry of hollow projectiles [J ] . Explosion and Shock Waves , 2024 , 44 ( 1 ): 117 - 131 . (in Chinese)

ZHAO C G , WANG C , WEI Y J , et al . Experimental study on oblique water entry of projectiles [J ] . Modern Physics Letters B , 2016 , 30 ( 28 ): 1650348 .

CHEN T , HUANG W , ZHANG W , et al . Experimental investigation on trajectory stability of high-speed water entry projectiles [J ] . Ocean Engineering , 2019 , 175 : 16 - 24 .

YANG L , XIANG J B , ZHANG S X , et al . Compressibility effects on cavity dynamics and shock waves in high-speed water entry [J ] . Physics of Fluids , 2024 , 36 : 042104 .

侯宇 , 黄振贵 , 郭则庆 , 等 . 超空泡射弹小入水角高速斜入水试验研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2020 , 41 ( 2 ): 332 - 341 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.02.015 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.02.015 为研究超空泡射弹小入水角高速斜入水性能，利用高速摄像技术开展了超空泡射弹入水试验。沿水下弹道轨迹的左侧等距布置压力传感器测试压力变化，分析弹体不同侧滑角入水冲击过程的弹道轨迹、喷溅演变和水下压力波传播特征。结果表明：对于射弹小入水角高速斜入水，弹体小侧滑角入水能形成较光滑透明的入水空泡和稳定的入水弹道，较大的侧滑角易造成空泡内严重雾化、弹道轨迹偏转和弹体损坏等现象，严重程度随侧滑角增大而增大；小侧滑角下弹头空化器及圆锥段斜面与水面的撞击使得入水喷溅在俯视下呈左右近似对称的“蝶”状，侧滑角对前半部分喷溅的左右对称性影响较小，对后半部分喷溅的对称性和范围影响较大，前半部分喷溅的对称轴随着侧滑角增大会出现相应偏转；入水冲击产生的水下压力波变化过程可分成两阶段：由弹体和水域冲击产生的初始压力波动阶段和各压力波叠加的高频脉动阶段，两阶段压力波动因侧滑角增加后入水状态的不同而呈现不同的变化特征。

HOU Y , HUANG Z G , GUO Z Q , et al . Experimental investigation on shallow-angle oblique water-entry of a high-speed supercavitating projectile [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2020 , 41 ( 2 ): 332 - 341 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.02.015 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.02.015 The shallow-angle oblique water-entry of a high-speed supercavitating projectile is studied by using the high-speed photography technology. The characteristics of the ballistic trajectory, splash formation and underwater pressure wave propagation during the initial water-entry impact at different sideslip angles are observed and analyzed from the underwater pressure signal monitored along the left side of the trajectory. The results show that the small sideslip angle of the projectile has few effect on the smooth cavity formation and the enter trajectory stability during the high-speed oblique water-entry at small entry angle. The larger sideslip angle is able to lead to the severe water atomization in the cavity, the ballistic deflection and the projectile damage. The increase in the sideslip angle can exacerbate this instability. The impacts of the cavitator and the warhead conical section on the free surface at a small entry angle make the splash be an approximate symmetrical “butterfly shape” in birds-eye view. The sideslip angle has inverse influence on the symmetry of the front half of splash comparing with the rear half of splash. Large changes are presented in the splash range with the increase in sideslip angle. The symmetry axis of the front half of splash is deflected with the increase in sideslip angle. The changing process of underwater pressure wave induced by the water-entry impact is divided into two stages: the initial pressure fluctuation stage induced by the initial impact of the projectile on the water and the fluctuation stage of high frequency induced by the superposition of the pressure waves from various directions. The two pressure fluctuation stages show different variation characteristics with the corresponding water entry state due to the increased sideslip angle.Key

刘想炎 , 于楠 , 黄振贵 , 等 . 不同入水攻角下高速射弹的流固耦合特性 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2024 , 45 ( 10 ): 3415 - 3429 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2024.0007 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2024.0007 高速入水时弹体结构响应（变形）大小关系射弹能否安全入水。当前，基于刚体模型的高速入水数值计算方法无法深入揭示初始扰动影响下射弹入水过程中复杂多相流、水动力与弹体结构响应等之间的相互耦合作用规律。为解决上述难题，基于流体力学和结构动力学，建立一种高速入水流固耦合数值计算方法，重点研究攻角对某型射弹高速入水过程的影响，分析攻角影响下空泡演化、冲击载荷、弹体运动与结构变形的相互耦合作用机理。研究结果表明：随攻角增大，弹体下表面与空泡壁面逐渐产生强烈撞击，迫使空泡壁面弯曲；对该型射弹，当攻角＞3°时，射弹会因尾翼拍击液面出现第2次载荷峰值，此时射弹因沾湿产生弯矩，迫使射弹出现塑性应变，随入水深度增加，射弹形成明显的尾翼弯折，因沾湿产生的表面压力最大值超过10 MPa；攻角为2°时，射弹虽因弹头尾翼同时受力产生弯矩，但内部应力未超过弹体材料的屈服强度，未出现塑性变形，因此，对该型射弹，其安全入水攻角≤2°。

LIU X Y , YU N , HUANG Z G , et al . Characteristics of fluid-structure interaction of high-speed projectile at different angles of attack of water entry [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2024 , 45 ( 10 ): 3415 - 3429 . (in Chinese)

YANG C X , WANG X , LI H , et al . Numerical study on the fluid dynamics for tandem water entries of two cylinders [J ] . Ocean Engineering , 2023 , 286 : 115633 .

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张军 , 蔡晓伟 , 宣建明 , 等 . 弹体穿越冰水混合物流动过程的数值模拟 [J ] . 弹道学报 , 2020 , 32 ( 3 ): 35 - 40 . DOI: 10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2020)03-008 http://doi.org/10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2020)03-008 针对潜射导弹穿越冰水混合物的过程进行数值模拟。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA商用软件,采用ALE算法,建立了冰的破碎模型,流体区域包含水与空气2种流体介质,水与空气采用NULL材料模型,水介质的状态方程采用Gruneisen状态方程。对细长弹体、冰体以及流体域进行建模,利用欧拉-拉格朗日耦合方法对弹体、冰体以及流体域进行流固耦合计算。对不同冰体分布方式(规则分布、菱形分布、随机分布)和不同弹体相对位置(冰体正下方、冰体间隙)的弹体出水过程进行对比计算研究,获得了弹体在穿越冰水混合物过程中流场的密度、压力、应力、速度随时间的变化规律,以及不同工况下的弹体质心位移情况。数值模拟结果表明:弹体在水下运动过程中空泡逐渐扩大,空化现象显著; 流场应力的存在对弹丸运动产生一定的影响; 不同冰体分布方式及初始弹体相对位置,会造成弹体质心位移不同。

ZHANG J , CAI X W , XUAN J M , et al . Numerical simulation of flow field of projectile passing through ice water mixture [J ] . Journal of Ballistics , 2020 , 32 ( 3 ): 35 - 40 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2020)03-008 http://doi.org/10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2020)03-008 The process of submarine launched missile passing through ice water mixture was studied by numerical simulation. Based on commercial software ANSYS/LS-DYNA and ALE algorithm,the ice breaking model was established. The fluid region included two kinds of fluid media,water and air. The NULL material model was used for water and air,and Gruneisen equation of state was used for water medium. The slender projectile,ice body and fluid domain were modeled,and the fluid structure coupling calculation of the missile body,ice body and flow field domain was carried out by using Euler Lagrangian coupling method. The process passing through water in different ice distribution patterns(regular distribution,rhombic distribution and random distribution)and different relative positions(under the ice body and between the ice bodies)were calculated and compared. The variation laws of the density,pressure,stress and velocity of the flow field with time and the displacement of the mass center under different working conditions were obtained. The simulation result shows that during the movement of projectile,the cavity gradually expands,and the cavitation is obvious. The flow field stress has some effects on the movement of projectile. Different ice-distributions and initial relative positions can lead to different displacements of projectile centroid.

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鹿麟 , 陈凯敏 , 侯宇 , 等 . 冰孔约束下弹丸倾斜入水空泡演化特性实验研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2024 , 45 ( 9 ): 3082 - 3090 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0596 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2023.0596 为探究冰孔约束对弹丸入水空泡演化的影响规律,基于高速摄像技术开展不同冰孔直径下弹丸倾斜入水实验。通过对比分析无冰工况与冰孔约束下弹丸倾斜入水过程,将弹丸入水空泡演化过程分为空泡扩张、空泡表面闭合与空泡深闭合三个阶段进行研究,总结出冰孔约束对弹丸倾斜入水空泡演化特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:在空泡扩张阶段,空泡扩张受到冰孔约束,自由液面附近空泡左侧呈弯曲状,其原因一方面是因为入水点附近的液体向四周运动撞击冰板,消耗了部分用于空泡扩张的能量,另一方面是因为排开的液体撞击冰孔内壁边缘形成反射流,反射流方向与空泡扩张方向相反,进一步限制空泡的扩张;在冰孔直径较小工况下,受反射流冲击,空泡壁右侧出现褶皱,随着冰孔直径增加,空泡左侧轮廓线的弯曲程度逐渐减弱;在空泡表面闭合阶段,褶皱的空泡壁发生局部冲击溃灭,随着冰孔直径增加,反射流逐渐变细、强度逐渐减弱;在空泡深闭合阶段,在冰孔约束下反射流冲击空泡,使得空泡内外压力差变大,加速了空泡发生深闭合;在冰孔直径较小的工况下,局部冲击溃灭程度较大,与尾部脱落溃灭相融合,随着冰孔直径的增加,局部冲击溃灭、气泡簇及反射流相互独立,逐渐接近无冰工况。

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