王耀南 , 安果维 , 王传成 , 等 . 智能无人系统技术应用与发展趋势 [J ] . 中国舰船研究 , 2022 , 17 ( 5 ): 9 - 26 .

WANG Y N , AN G W , WANG C C , et al. Technology application and development trend of intelligent unmanned system [J ] . Chinese Journal of Ship Research , 2022 , 17 ( 5 ): 9 - 26 . (in Chinese)

初军田 , 张武 , 丁超 , 等 . 跨域无人系统协同作战需求分析 [J ] . 指挥信息系统与技术 , 2022 , 13 ( 6 ): 1 - 8 .

CHU J T , ZHANG W , DING C , et al. Requirement analysis on cross-domain unmanned system cooperative operation [J ] . Command Information System and Technology , 2022 , 13 ( 6 ): 1 - 8 . (in Chinese)

宓铁良 , 段方 , 郭育青 . 基于Do DAF理论的无人作战体系标准化研究 [C ] // 中国航天电子技术研究院科学技术委员会2020年学术年会 . 北京 : 中国空间电子技术研究院委员会 , 2020 .

MI T L , DUAN F , GUO Y Q . Unmanned combat system standardisation study based on DoDAF theory [C ] // Proceedings of the 2020 Academic Annual Meeting of Science and Technology Committee of China Academy of Space Electronics Technology . Beijing, China : Science and Technology Committee of China Academy of Space Electronics Technology , 2020 . (in Chinese)

范博洋 , 赵高鹏 , 薄煜明 , 等 . 多目标空地异构无人系统协同任务分配方法 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 6 ): 1564 - 1575 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0095 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0095 针对由地面无人车与多无人机组成的空地异构无人系统面向大范围、多目标的协同任务分配问题,以无人系统完成任务时间为优化目标,同时考虑无人机收放、续航能力以及任务时序等约束条件,建立空地异构无人系统的任务分配模型,提出一种多目标空地异构无人系统任务分配方法。结合密度值最大聚类和混合粒子群优化算法,对空地异构无人系统的任务分配问题进行求解,从而得到满足约束条件的全局任务分配结果;通过仿真实验对所提方法进行验证。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地求解在不同作战环境中的空地异构无人系统的任务分配问题。

FAN B Y , ZHAO G P , BO Y M , et al. Collaborative task allocation method for multi-target air-ground heterogeneous unmanned system [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2023 , 44 ( 6 ): 1564 - 1575 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0095 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0095 To address the collaborative task allocation problem of air-ground heterogeneous unmanned systems composed of ground unmanned vehicles (UGV) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) facing large ranges and multiple targets, the task allocation model of air-ground heterogeneous unmanned systems is established with the completion time of the unmanned systems as the optimization goal and the constraints of the UAV launch and recovery, endurance and task sequence taken in account. A task allocation method for multi-target air-ground heterogeneous unmanned systems is proposed, which combines density peak clustering and hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm (hybrid-PSO) to solve the task allocation problem of air-ground heterogeneous unmanned systems, so as to obtain the global task allocation results that satisfy the constraints. The proposed method is verified by simulation experiments, and the results show that the method can effectively solve the task allocation problem of air-ground heterogeneous unmanned systems in different operational environments.

魏强 , 张冬梅 , 范勇生 . 多无人系统协同视觉SLAM算法 [J ] . 载人航天 , 2023 , 29 ( 1 ): 29 - 35 .

WEI Q , ZHANG D M , FAN Y S . Collaborative vision SLAM algorithm for multiple unmanned systems [J ] . Manned Space Flight , 2023 , 29 ( 1 ): 29 - 35 . (in Chinese)

张建东 , 王鼎涵 , 杨啟明 , 等 . 基于分层强化学习的无人机空战多维决策 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 6 ): 1547 - 1563 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0711 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0711 针对无人机空战过程中面临的智能决策问题,基于分层强化学习架构建立无人机智能空战的多维决策模型。将空战自主决策由单一维度的机动决策扩展到雷达开关、主动干扰、队形转换、目标探测、目标追踪、干扰规避、武器选择等多个维度,实现空战主要环节的自主决策;为解决维度扩展后决策模型状态空间复杂度、学习效率低的问题,结合Soft Actor-Critic算法和专家经验训练和建立元策略组,并改进传统的Option-Critic算法,设计优化策略终止函数,提高策略的切换的灵活性,实现空战中多个维度决策的无缝切换。实验结果表明,该模型在无人机空战全流程的多维度决策问题中具有较好的对抗效果,能够控制智能体根据不同的战场态势灵活切换干扰、搜索、打击、规避等策略,达到提升传统算法性能和提高解决复杂决策效率的目的。

ZHANG J D , WANG D H , YANG Q M , et al. Multi-dimensional decision-making for UAV air combat based on hierarchical reinforcement learning [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2023 , 44 ( 6 ): 1547 - 1563 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0711 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0711 To solve the intelligent decision-making problem in the process of UAV air combat, a multi-dimensional decision-making model for UAV intelligent air combat based on the hierarchical reinforcement learning architecture is established, allowing the autonomous decision-making of air combat to be extended from a single-dimensional maneuver decision to a multi-dimensional one including radar switch, active jamming, formation conversion, target detection, target tracking, interference avoidance, weapon selection, etc., so that autonomous decision-making in the main steps of air combat is realized. In order to solve the problems of state-space complexity and low learning efficiency of the decision-making model after the dimension expansion, a meta-strategy group is trained and established with the Soft Actor-Critic algorithm and expert experience, and the traditional Option-Critic algorithm is improved. The strategy termination function is designed and optimized to improve the flexibility of strategy switching and realize seamless multi-dimensional decision-making switching in air combat.. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good countermeasure effectiveness for the multi-dimensional decision-making during the whole process of UAV air combat, which can control the agent to flexibly switch among interference, search, strike, and avoidance strategies according to different battlefield situations with the purpose of improving the performance of traditional algorithms and the efficiency of solving complex decision-making processes.

PPOPE A P , IDE J S , MIĆOVIĆ D , et al. Hierarchical reinforcement learning for air-to-air combat [C ] // Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Athens , Greece : IEEE , 2021 : 275 - 284 .

赵明皓 , 张翠萍 , 李宝安 . 基于深度强化学习的无人艇控制应用研究 [C ] // 第八届中国指挥控制大会论文集 . 北京 : 国防工业出版社 , 2020 .

ZHAO M H , ZHANG C P , LI B A . An applied study of unmanned boat control based on deep reinforcement learning: [C ] // Proceedings of the 8th China Command and Control Conference . Beijing,China : National Defense Industry Press , 2020 . (in Chinese)

苏思 , 周万宁 , 吕亚飞 , 等 . 海战场无人平台作战指挥模型体系管理与检验研究 [J ] . 舰船科学技术 , 2022 , 44 ( 24 ): 87 - 90 .

SU S , ZHOU W N , LÜ Y F , et al. Study on operation command and control system management and evaluation for sea battlefield unmanned platform [J ] . Ship Science and Technology , 2022 , 44 ( 24 ): 87 - 90 . (in Chinese)

靳崇 , 张宾 , 麻志强 , 等 . 面向无人化陆战的指挥控制系统智能化运用 [J ] . 火力与指挥控制 , 2021 , 46 ( 11 ): 12 - 19 .

JIN C , ZHANG B , MA Z Q , et al. Intelligent application of the command and control system for unmanned-oriented land warfare [J ] . Fire Control & Command Control , 2021 , 46 ( 11 ): 12 - 19 . (in Chinese)

周芳 , 铁清木 , 丁冉 , 等 . 面向指挥决策支持的数字孪生系统 [J ] . 指挥信息系统与技术 , 2022 , 13 ( 4 ): 14 - 18 , 39.

ZHOU F , TIE Q M , DING R , et al. Digitaltwin system for command decision support [J ] . Command Information System and Technology , 2022 , 13 ( 4 ): 14 - 18 , 39. (in Chinese)

王旭东 , 陈奡 , 宦国杨 , 等 . 面向作战指挥的数字孪生应用 [J ] . 指挥信息系统与技术 , 2021 , 12 ( 6 ): 26 - 32 .

WANG X D , CHEN A , HUAN G Y , et al. Application of digital twin for command and control [J ] . Command Information System and Technology , 2021 , 12 ( 6 ): 26 - 32 . (in Chinese)

邓烨 , 奉祁林 , 赵健 . 数字孪生战场建设探讨 [J ] . 防护工程 , 2020 , 42 ( 3 ): 58 - 64 .

DENG Y , FENG Q L , ZHAO J . Discussion on construction of digital twin battlefield [J ] . Protective Engineering , 2020 , 42 ( 3 ): 58 - 64 . (in Chinese)

纪广 , 郝建国 , 张振伟 . 面向无人机作战的虚拟孪生系统设计方案 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2022 , 43 ( 8 ): 1902 - 1912 .

JI G , HAO J G , ZHANG Z W . Designscheme of virtual twin system for UAV combat [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2022 , 43 ( 8 ): 1902 - 1912 . (in Chinese)

JI G , HAO J G , GAO J L , et al. Digital twin modeling method for individual combat quadrotor UAV [C ] // Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 1st International Conference on Digital Twins and Parallel Intelligence (DTPI) . Beijing, China : IEEE , 2021 : 1 - 4 .

YANG J F , HUANG C M , WANG J R . The study and development of UAV digital twin system [J ] . Journal of Physics: Conference Series , 2022 , 2366 : 12038 . DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2366/1/012038 http://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2366/1/012038 To develop the digital twin system of unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV), a multi-information fusion and time-varying simulation technology based on the testing data is proposed. And a UAV digital twin system is developed. First, the system composition and the working principle of the UAV digital twin system are introduced, respectively. Second, the Ko displacement theory is applied to realize the integration of the acquired data and the finite element simulation model. Then, the model reduced method is introduced, which can reduce the scale of the finite element model and improve the calculation efficiency. Finally, the experimental verification is carried out. The test results and simulation calculation data show that the relative errors between the proposed calculation method and the test results are within 30%, which meets the requirements of engineering application. The test results show that the proposed UAV digital twin technology is feasible, providing a reference case for the development of UAV digital twin technology, which has practical engineering significance and military value.

邱保金 , 李学坤 , 帅敏 . 基于TRIZ理论与KJ法的办公区域储物柜创新设计 [J ] . 包装工程 , 2022 , 43 ( 24 ): 385 - 391 .

QIU B J , LI X K , SHUAI M . Innovative design of office lockers based on TRIZ theory and KJ method [J ] . Packaging Engineering , 2022 , 43 ( 24 ): 385 - 391 . (in Chinese)

赵柱 , 王毅 , 樊芮锋 , 等 . 基于多主体NetLogo平台的反无人机OODA体系对抗建模 [J ] . 系统仿真学报 , 2021 , 33 ( 8 ): 1791 - 1800 . DOI: 10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.20-0355 http://doi.org/10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.20-0355 针对日益严峻的无人机或无人机蜂群威胁问题,以及反无人机作战系统设计过程中存在的体系对抗建模、总体流程设计和作战效能评估等难题,研究无人机与反无人机系统的组织架构与作战流程,提出基于多主体建模NetLogo平台的反无人机OODA(Observe-Orient-Decide-Act)体系对抗模型,利用仿真模型中主体作用的涌现性,研究OODA模型对反无人机作战的影响和规律,验证了OODA模型是影响反无人机作战效果的关键因素之一,对反无人机作战指挥及系统建设具有重要的指导意义。

ZHAO Z , WANG Y , FAN R F , et al. Modeling onanti-UAV system-of-systems combat OODA loop based on NetLogo [J ] . Journal of System Simulation , 2021 , 33 ( 8 ): 1791 - 1800 . (in Chinese)

陈黎 , 李芳芳 , 冯清江 , 等 . 一种基于OODA-A环的防空体系及其作战时效分析 [J ] . 指挥与控制学报 , 2021 , 7 ( 4 ): 383 - 388 .

CHEN L , LI F F , FENG Q J , et al. Combat timeliness analysis of air defense system-of-systems based on OODA-A loop [J ] . Journal of Command and Control , 2021 , 7 ( 4 ): 383 - 388 . (in Chinese)

陶飞 , 刘蔚然 , 刘检华 , 等 . 数字孪生及其应用探索 [J ] . 计算机集成制造系统 , 2018 , 24 ( 1 ): 1 - 18 .

TAO F , LIU W R , LIU J H , et al. Digital twin and its potential application exploration [J ] . Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems , 2018 , 24 ( 1 ): 1 - 18 . (in Chinese)

陶飞 , 刘蔚然 , 张萌 , 等 . 数字孪生五维模型及十大领域应用 [J ] . 计算机集成制造系统 , 2019 , 25 ( 1 ): 1 - 18 .

TAO F , LIU W R , ZHANG M , et al. Five-dimension digital twin model and its ten applications [J ] . Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems , 2019 , 25 ( 1 ): 1 - 18 . (in Chinese)

阎劲松 , 沙勇忠 , 王峥嵘 . 公共协商视角的网络问政规则要素提取及构建 [J ] . 图书与情报 , 2022 ( 2 ): 48 - 56 .

YAN J S , SHA Y Z , WANG Z R . The elements extraction and construction of rules of network politics from the perspective of public deliberation [J ] . Library & Information , 2022 ( 2 ): 48 - 56 . (in Chinese)

徐彤 . 抗美援朝战争的出兵战机运筹研究 [J ] . 军事历史 , 2023 ( 1 ): 36 - 44 .

XU T . Anoperational research on the timing to send the forces in the war to resist US aggression and aid North Korea [J ] . Military History , 2023 ( 1 ): 36 - 44 . (in Chinese)

邵青 . 中印边境战争史实辩析 [J ] . 军事历史研究 , 1999 ( 4 ): 148 - 154 .

SHAO Q . A Debate on the historical facts of the Sino-Indian border War [J ] . Military History Research , 1999 ( 4 ): 148 - 154 . (in Chinese)

龙沛 . 两伊战争制空权争夺与战局联动关系研究 [D ] . 重庆 : 西南大学 , 2018 .

LONG P . A Research on the relationships between the airpower struggle and the war situation in the Iran-Irag War [D ] . Chongqing : Southwest University , 2018 . (in Chinese)

大卫·威科勒 , 张艳明 , 周丽娅 . 侥幸的胜利改变了海军的潮流——马岛战争:美英现代海军发展的分水岭 [J ] . 国际展望 , 2004 ( 10 ): 38 - 41 .

WINKLER D , ZHANG Y M , ZHOU L Y . A fluke fictory changes the naval tide-The Battle of the Isle of Man: a watershed in the development of the modern US and British navies [J ] . Global Review , 2004 ( 10 ): 38 - 41 . (in Chinese)

朱涛 , 李淋杰 , 凌海风 . 无人机在叙利亚战争中的作战运用与启示 [J ] . 飞航导弹 , 2018 ( 11 ): 31 - 34 .

ZHU T , LI L J , LING H F . The operational use of drones in the Syrian War and implications [J ] . Aerodynamic Missile Journal , 2018 ( 11 ): 31 - 34 . (in Chinese)

吴静 , 蔡海锋 , 刘俊良 . 纳卡地区冲突无人机攻防运用分析及地空反无人对策建议 [J ] . 现代防御技术 , 2021 , 49 ( 3 ): 13 - 20 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2021.03.002 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2021.03.002 2020年爆发的纳卡地区冲突,无人机装备大量使用、全程使用,打击了大量战术目标,影响了战场局势,起到了重要作用。在梳理阿塞拜疆主要装备的无人机装备基础上,分析无人机主要作战运用方式,开展典型无人机攻防战例分析,分析亚美尼亚防空作战失利原因,提出地空反无人机能力需求及对策建议,为地空反无人装备建设运用提供支撑。

WU J , CAI H F , LIU J L . Analysis on the operation of attack and defense of UAVs in Naka conflict and suggestions for ground-to-air anti-UAVs [J ] . Modern Defence Technology , 2021 , 49 ( 3 ): 13 - 20 . (in Chinese)

宋洁璇 , 杨航 , 吴戈男 , 等 . 从俄乌冲突看典型陆战场天基信息战术应用 [J ] . 中国军转民 , 2023 ( 19 ): 146 - 147 .

SONG J X , YANG H , WU G N , et al. Tactical applications of space-based information for the typical land battlefield in the light of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict [J ] . Defence Industry Conversion in China , 2023 ( 19 ): 146 - 147 . (in Chinese)

杨斌 . 空中分布式作战概念及关键技术分析 [J ] . 电讯技术 , 2022 , 62 ( 6 ): 826 - 835 .

YANG B . Concepts andkey technology analysis for air distributed operations [J ] . Telecommunication Engineering , 2022 , 62 ( 6 ): 826 - 835 . (in Chinese)

张为华 . 战场环境概论 [M ] . 北京 : 科学出版社 , 2013 .

ZHANG W H . Introduction to the battlefield environment [M ] . Beijing : Science Press , 2013 . (in Chinese)

李昌玺 , 于军 , 徐颖 , 等 . 联合作战条件下战场态势感知体系构建问题研究 [J ] . 中国电子科学研究院学报 , 2018 , 13 ( 6 ): 680 - 684 .

LI C X , YU J , XU Y , et al. Constructionproblem study on battlefield situation awareness system under joint operation [J ] . Journal of China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology , 2018 , 13 ( 6 ): 680 - 684 . (in Chinese)

孙盛智 , 侯妍 . 太空信息对联合作战能力影响研究 [J ] . 飞航导弹 , 2019 ( 1 ): 64 - 68 .

SUN S Z , HOU Y . Study of the impact of space information on joint warfighting capabilities [J ] . Aerodynamic Missile Journal , 2019 ( 1 ): 64 - 68 . (in Chinese)

张靓 . 战场电磁态势生成内涵与体系架构综述 [J ] . 舰船电子对抗 , 2022 , 45 ( 1 ): 6 - 10 , 27.

ZHANG L . Overview of the connotation and architecture of battlefield electromagnetic situation generation [J ] . Shipboard Electronic Countermeasure , 2022 , 45 ( 1 ): 6 - 10 , 27. (in Chinese)

全杰 , 贺庆 . 跨域融合机理与运用研究 [J ] . 中国电子科学研究院学报 , 2021 , 16 ( 12 ): 1205 - 1214 .

QUAN J , HE Q . Research on mechanism and application of cross-domain synergy [J ] . Journal of China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology , 2021 , 16 ( 12 ): 1205 - 1214 . (in Chinese)

刘网定 , 张国宁 , 郑世明 . 基于深度强化学习的作战实体智能感知与决策研究 [J ] . 火力与指挥控制 , 2023 , 48 ( 5 ): 164 - 169 .

LIU W D , ZHANG G N , ZHENG S M . Research on intelligent perception and decision-making of combat entities based on deep reinforcement learning [J ] . Fire Control & Command Control , 2023 , 48 ( 5 ): 164 - 169 . (in Chinese)

王亚儒 , 张勇 , 邸江芬 . 基于知识图谱的战法知识库构建技术 [J ] . 火力与指挥控制 , 2022 , 47 ( 6 ): 158 - 161 , 170.

WANG Y R , ZHANG Y , DI J F . Construction technology of knowledge base about operational methods based on knowledge graph [J ] . Fire Control & Command Control , 2022 , 47 ( 6 ): 158 - 161 , 170. (in Chinese)

周芳 , 毛少杰 , 吴云超 , 等 . 实时态势数据驱动的平行仿真推演方法 [J ] . 中国电子科学研究院学报 , 2020 , 15 ( 4 ): 323 - 328 .

ZHOU F , MAO S J , WU Y C , et al. Aparallel simulation deduce method based on real-time situation data driven [J ] . Journal of China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology , 2020 , 15 ( 4 ): 323 - 328 . (in Chinese)

李智 , 吕铁鑫 , 潘艳辉 . 联合全域作战智能博弈优化一体化决策问题 [J ] . 火力与指挥控制 , 2023 , 48 ( 3 ): 1 - 8 .

LI Z , LÜ T X , PAN Y H . Research on integrated decision-making problems of intelligent game ptimization in JADO [J ] . Fire Control & Command Control , 2023 , 48 ( 3 ): 1 - 8 . (in Chinese)

丁蕊 . 复杂高维多目标优化方法 [M ] . 北京 : 电子工业出版社 , 2020 .

DING R . Complex high-dimensional multi-objective optimisation methods [M ] . Beijing : Publishing House of Electronics Industry , 2020 . (in Chinese)

李航 , 刘代金 , 刘禹 . 军事智能博弈对抗系统设计框架研究 [J ] . 火力与指挥控制 , 2020 , 45 ( 9 ): 116 - 121 .

LI H , LIU D J , LIU Y . Architecture design research of military intelligent wargame system [J ] . Fire Control & Command Control , 2020 , 45 ( 9 ): 116 - 121 . (in Chinese)

HUANG X F . Ageneral framework for constructing cooperative global optimization algorithms [C ] // FLOUDAS C A, PARDALOS P. Boston, MA , US : Springer , 2004 : 197 - 221 .

饶小康 , 马瑞 , 张力 , 等 . 基于GIS+BIM+IoT数字孪生的堤防工程安全管理平台研究 [J ] . 中国农村水利水电 , 2022 ( 1 ): 1 - 7 . 针对我国堤防工程隐患众多、险情频发等特点，结合堤防工程建设特点和防洪减灾战略需求，研究基于GIS+BIM+IoT数字孪生的堤防工程安全管理平台设计与实现，将基于GIS、BIM、IoT融合的数字孪生与堤防工程安全管理进行结合，研究数字孪生数据及模型集成与可视化表达方法，建立堤防险情识别深度学习模型，设计基于GIS+BIM+IoT数字孪生的堤防工程安全管理平台。选取长江干堤典型堤段进行应用示范，实践证明，相对于以往堤防工程数据库管理或二维平面管理模式中存在的信息缺失、精度不够、反馈滞后、表达单一等问题，基于数字孪生的堤防工程安全管理平台可在空间地理数据、BIM模型数据、物联网数据融合与交互的基础上，实现外部环境下的仿真、决策、优化、调整和可视，其险情识别效果优于较传统模型。平台的研究与设计可对堤防工程安全管理进行实时监测、诊断、分析、决策和预测，实现智能运行、精准管控和安全运维。

RAO X K , MA R , ZHANG L . Study anddesign of dike engineering safety management system based on GIS+BIM+IoT digital twin [J ] . China Rural Water and Hydropower , 2022 ( 1 ): 1 - 7 . (in Chinese)

丁柏圆 , 穆富岭 , 李云鹏 , 等 . 面向复杂电磁环境的体系作战仿真平台设计 [J ] . 系统仿真学报 , 2023 , 35 ( 2 ): 330 - 338 . DOI: 10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-1098 http://doi.org/10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-1098 战争模拟可划分为战略、战役、战术和技术4个层级。国内外现有战役战术级体系作战仿真平台无法驱动技术层电磁设备专用模型，导致其战场复杂电磁环境仿真逼真度受限。借鉴柔性分析建模与训练平台(flexible analysis modeling and exercise system，FLAMES)系统模型体系架构，基于离散事件仿真系统(a discrete event system simulator，ADEVS)引擎模拟库，设计开发了一套融合战役、战术和技术3个层级，支持系统、实体和组件三级独立仿真步长设置且动态可调的柔性作战仿真平台柔性作战仿真平台(flexible operation simulation，FOSim)。通过驱动技术层专用模型，该平台可将更细粒度电磁设备模型纳入体系作战仿真回路，从而在大规模的战役战术级体系作战仿真中实现高逼真度的复杂电磁环境生成和电磁环境影响效应模拟。

DING B Y , MU F L , LI Y P , et al. Design of system combat simulation platform for complex electromagnetic environment [J ] . Journal of System Simulation , 2023 , 35 ( 2 ): 330 - 338 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-1098 http://doi.org/10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.21-1098 War gaming and simulation can be divided into four levels of strategy、campaign、tactics and technique. Existing system combat simulation platforms of campaign and tactics at home and abroad cannot drive the special model of electromagnetic equipment in technique level, resulting in the low fidelity of battlefield complex electromagnetic environment simulation. To solve the problem, flexible analysis modeling and exercise system(FLAMES) model architecture as the reference, based on the simulation engine library of a discrete event system simulator(ADEVS), a flexible operation simulation platform(FOSim) is designed and developed, which integrates three levels of campaign, tactics and technology, supports three levels independence simulation step of system, entity and component and can be adjusted in simulation process . By driving special model in technology level, more granular electromagnetic equipment model is adopted to support the simulation circuit of campaign and tactics operation on FOSim, and the high fidelity complex electromagnetic environment generation and electromagnetic environment effect simulation are realized in large-scale campaign and tactics combat simulation.

肖彬 , 李琳琳 , 张文瑾 . 美军战术级指挥信息系统界面设计的发展及启示 [J ] . 火力与指挥控制 , 2021 , 46 ( 2 ): 11 - 16 .

XIAO B , LI L L , ZHANG W J . Development andinspiration of interface design in tactical-C4ISR system of the U.S.Army [J ] . Fire Control & Command Control , 2021 , 46 ( 2 ): 11 - 16 . (in Chinese)

刘岗 , 陈超 , 赵轶男 , 等 . 作战指挥控制系统人机交互设计流程研究 [J ] . 包装工程 , 2020 , 41 ( 14 ): 85 - 91 .

LIU G , CHEN C , ZHAO Y N , et al. Human-computerinteraction design process of command and control system [J ] . Packaging Engineering , 2020 , 41 ( 14 ): 85 - 91 . (in Chinese)

张祖磊 . 基于强化学习的进攻防御作战辅助决策系统设计 [D ] . 西安 : 西安电子科技大学 , 2022 .

ZHANG Z L . Design of reinforcement learning based aided decision making system for offensive and defensive operations [D ] . Xi’an : Xidian University , 2022 . (in Chinese)

于佳慧 , 孙宇祥 , 项祺 , 等 . 元宇宙赋能指挥控制:未来虚实融生的作战推演 [J ] . 指挥与控制学报 , 2022 , 8 ( 3 ): 260 - 269 .

YU J H , SUN Y X , XIANG Q , et al. Metaverse enabling command and control: Combat deduction of virtual reality in the future [J ] . Journal of Command and Control , 2022 , 8 ( 3 ): 260 - 269 . (in Chinese)

ZHANG M , TAO F , HUANG B Q , et al. Digital twin data: methods and key technologies [J ] . Digital Twin , 2021 , 1 : 2 . DOI: 10.12688/digitaltwin http://doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin http://www.digitaltwin1.org http://www.digitaltwin1.org

张晓芳 , 程瑞龙 , 张子瑜 . 多机器人虚实一体化协作工作站设计与实现 [J ] . 现代制造工程 , 2022 ( 10 ): 27 - 33 .

ZHANG X F , CHENG R L , ZHANG Z Y . Design and realization of multi robot cooperative system with virtual-actual integration [J ] . Modern Manufacturing Engineering , 2022 ( 10 ): 27 - 33 . (in Chinese)

曹小华 , 李泊桓 , 徐上尉 . 基于MQTT协议的物联网岸电监控系统 [J ] . 计算机应用与软件 , 2023 , 40 ( 3 ): 11 - 16 , 27.

CAO X H , LI B H , XU S W . Shore power monitering system of internet of things based on MQTT protocol [J ] . Computer Applications and Software , 2023 , 40 ( 3 ): 11 - 16 , 27. (in Chinese)

陶飞 , 张辰源 , 刘蔚然 , 等 . 数字工程及十个领域应用展望 [J ] . 机械工程学报 , 2023 , 59 ( 13 ): 193 - 215 . DOI: 10.3901/JME.2023.13.193 http://doi.org/10.3901/JME.2023.13.193 依赖物理手段规划、研究、设计、制造、试验和使用产品或系统，通常存在研制周期长、运营成本高、响应不及时、智能程度低、体系优化难等问题，数字工程为解决上述问题提供了新的思路和途径。通过总结近20多年数智化实践和分析未来发展趋势，从物理空间出发，提出基于“信息空间”提速增效、基于“数字空间”仿真分析、基于“数实空间”虚实交互、基于“数智空间”智能决策、基于“数智生态”体系优化的数字工程演进历程和五等级成熟度模型。在数字工程范畴下，定义了“数力”和“智力”，以及由“控全局、破孤岛、聚能力、跨时空、强智能、深协同”组成的数字工程“能力”，进而提出通过开发“数力”，运用“智力”，进而提升体系化解决问题和满足需求“能力”的数字工程新理解与系统思考。分析了NewIT时代下数字工程的六大需求与挑战。设计提出以“智能中枢”为核心，以“物理线程、模型线程、数据线程、服务线程”四线程为主线的数字工程体系架构，并阐述支撑数字工程的八类关键技术。最后结合团队科研实践，基于所提架构和技术，面向海陆空天复杂产品与装备研制，以及城市、医疗、能源等复杂系统工程重大需求，对核电厂数字工程、航空发动机数字工程、卫星互联网数字工程、海洋系统及海洋装备数字工程、风洞数字工程、未来战场数字工程、城市数字工程、高档数控机床数字工程、能源数字工程、车辆数字工程等重大领域进行应用探索。期望相关工作为复杂产品或系统全生命周期科学组织、智能管控和体系优化，以及为数字中国建设与数字经济发展提供参考。

TAO F , ZHANG C Y , LIU W R , et al. Digital engineering and its ten application outlooks [J ] . Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023 , 59 ( 13 ): 193 - 215 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3901/JME.2023.13.193 http://doi.org/10.3901/JME.2023.13.193 Relying on physical methods for planning, research, design, manufacturing, test and use of products or systems is usually constrained by time, space, cost and safety, leading to problems such as long development cycle, high operating costs, delayed response, low intelligence, and difficult system optimization. In order to address the above problems, the theory of digital engineering is introduced, which strives to fully utilize both the 'digital power' and 'intelligence power' to enhance the 'capability'. In this paper, firstly a five-phase maturity model of digital engineering is proposed to better understand, further develop and fully utilize of digital engineering based on the analysis of the current digitalization and intelligentization practices and its future development trends. Then, the 'digital power', 'intelligence power' and 'capability' of digital engineering are defined, and the demands and challenges of digital engineering in the era of New IT are expounded in detail. Furthermore, the architecture of digital engineering is designed, which consists of one 'intelligence center' and four threads (physical thread, model thread, data thread and service thread), and eight key supporting technologies are also put forward. Finally, the application outlooks of digital engineering in ten fields are discussed, including digital nuclear power plant, digital aero-engine, digital satellite internet, digital ocean and marine equipment, digital wind tunnel, digital battlefield, digital city, digital computer numerical control machine, digital energy and digital vehicles, expecting to provide references for the scientific organization, intelligent control and system optimization of complex products and systems throughout lifecycle, as well as the construction of digital earth and the development of digital economy.

李博骁 , 包钊源 , 陆泽健 , 等 . 面向空天预警的多源异构装备一体化协同探测技术研究 [J ] . 现代雷达 , 2023 , 45 ( 6 ): 51 - 56 .

LI B X , BAO D Y , LU Z J , et al. A Study onintegrated cooperative detection technology of multisource heterogeneous equipment for air-space early warning [J ] . Modern Radar , 2023 , 45 ( 6 ): 51 - 56 . (in Chinese)

李归 , 伍光新 , 薛慧 , 等 . 海战场态势生成技术发展综述 [J ] . 电讯技术 , 2022 , 62 ( 5 ): 678 - 685 .

LI G , WU G X , XUE H , et al. Anoverview of situation generation technology for sea battlefield [J ] . Telecommunication Engineering , 2022 , 62 ( 5 ): 678 - 685 . (in Chinese)

QI Q L , TAO F , HU T L , et al. Enabling technologies and tools for digital twin [J ] . Journal of Manufacturing Systems , 2021 , 58 : 3 - 21 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsy.2019.10.001 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2019.10.001 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S027861251930086X https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S027861251930086X

陶飞 , 张贺 , 戚庆林 , 等 . 数字孪生模型构建理论及应用 [J ] . 计算机集成制造系统 , 2021 , 27 ( 1 ): 1 - 15 . DOI: 10.13196/j.cims.2021.01.001 http://doi.org/10.13196/j.cims.2021.01.001 数字孪生作为实现数字化转型和促进智能化升级的重要使能途径,一直备受各行各业关注,已从理论研究走向了实际应用阶段。数字孪生是以多维虚拟模型和融合数据双驱动,通过虚实闭环交互,来实现监控、仿真、预测、优化等实际功能服务和应用需求,其中数字孪生模型构建是实现数字孪生落地应用的前提。针对如何构建数字孪生模型问题,首先提出了数字孪生模型“四化四可八用”构建准则。基于所提出的构建准则,从“建—组—融—验—校—管”6个方面探索建立了一套数字孪生模型构建理论体系。并基于所提出的数字孪生模型构建准则和理论体系,结合笔者团队承担的国家重点研发计划项目“基于数字孪生的智能生产过程精确建模理论与方法”,以数字孪生车间为例,从车间要素实体建模、生产过程动态建模、生产系统仿真建模3个方面对数字孪生车间模型构建理论与技术开展了研究和实践。相关工作期望能为数字孪生构建和进一步落地应用提供理论参考。

TAO F , ZHANG H , QI Q L , et al. Theory of digital twin modeling and its application [J ] . Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems , 2021 , 27 ( 1 ): 1 - 15 . (in Chinese)

张子龙 , 陈娟 , 沈晓平 . 5G/6G推动下的数据链系统发展设想 [J ] . 指挥信息系统与技术 , 2021 , 12 ( 5 ): 98 - 104 .

ZHANG Z L , CHEN J , SHEN X P . Idea of data Link system development driven by 5G and 6G [J ] . Journal of Command and Control , 2021 , 12 ( 5 ): 98 - 104 . (in Chinese)

翟岩龙 , 孙文心 , 包天虹 , 等 . 基于微服务的边缘侧仿真方法及框架研究 [J ] . 系统仿真学报 , 2018 , 30 ( 12 ): 4536 - 4545 . DOI: 10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.201812006 http://doi.org/10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.201812006 针对物联网中多设备、大数据、低延迟的仿真需求,参照边缘计算和雾计算的计算特点和架构,定义了基于微服务的边缘侧仿真的概念及仿真模式。针对“云仿真”的链路束缚和高延迟处理缺陷,设计了融合边缘计算和雾计算的轻量级边缘侧仿真平台框架,并结合LVC仿真体系进一步地加快仿真速度实现实时仿真。与现有的仿真框架相比,该边缘侧仿真框架具有轻量化、高实时性、服务化、与物联网有机融合等显著特点,可以从多方面提高仿真应用的协作、共享、资源管理等能力。

ZHAI Y L , SUN W X , BAO T H , et al. Edge-side simulation method and framework based on micro-services [J ] . Journal of System Simulation , 2018 , 30 ( 12 ): 4536 - 4545 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.201812006 http://doi.org/10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.201812006 Aiming at the multi-devices, big data and low-latency simulation requirements in the Internet of Things, we define a concept of edge-side simulation and a simulation mode based on micro-services referring to the computational characteristics and architecture of edge computing and fog computing. For the link constraint and high-latency processing defects of "cloud simulation", a lightweight edge-side simulation platform framework combining edge computing and fog computing is designed, and the simulation speed is further accelerated by real-time simulation with LVC simulation system. Compared with the existing simulation frameworks, the edge-side simulation framework has the remarkable features of lightweight, high real-time, service, and organic integration with the Internet of Things, and can improve the collaboration, sharing, resource management and other capabilities of the simulation application from various aspects.

武琼 . 美国人工智能反恐:路径、动因与挑战 [J ] . 新疆社会科学 , 2022 ( 3 ): 103 - 112 .

WU Q. U.S. Artificia lintelligence counterterrorism: Paths, motivations, and challenges [J ] . Social Sciences in Xinjiang , 2022 ( 3 ): 103 - 112 . (in Chinese)

张梦钰 , 豆亚杰 , 陈子夷 , 等 . 深度强化学习及其在军事领域中的应用综述 [J/OL ] . 系统工程与电子技术 . https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2422.TN.20221025.1142.014.html https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2422.TN.20221025.1142.014.html https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2422.TN.20221025.1142.014.html.

ZHANG M Y , DOU Y J , CHEN Z Y , et al. Deep reinforcement learning and its applications in military field [J/OL ] . Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics . https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2422.TN.20221025.1142.014.html https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2422.TN.20221025.1142.014.html https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2422.TN.20221025.1142.014.html. (in Chinese)

陆平静 , 熊泽宇 , 赖明澈 . 高性能计算技术及标准现状分析 [J ] . 计算机科学 , 2023 , 50 ( 11 ): 1 - 7 . DOI: 10.11896/jsjkx.221100021 http://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.221100021 高性能计算是科技创新体系的重要组成,是知识创新和技术创新的重要能力支撑,是新时期下与理论、实验并重的三大科技创新手段之一。在过去的三十年间,高性能计算取得了以突飞猛进的进展,高性能计算已经进入E级计算时代,我国在高性能计算领域也取得了跨越式的发展,取得了天河、神威、曙光为代表的一系列成果,高性能系统研制水平跻身国际一流行列。随着摩尔定律接近极限,高性能计算技术的性能提升之路面临巨大挑战,在后摩尔时代,将依赖算法、软件和硬件架构去提升高性能计算机系统的终极性能。另一方面,与高性能计算机技术飞速发展相比,高性能计算标准的发展还存在很多不足。文中首先分析了当前国内外高性能计算机技术的发展现状及趋势,然后剖析了当前国内外高性能计算标准的现状及趋势,最后给出了当前发展中国高性能计算机标准的必要性和重要性。

LU P J , XIONG Z Y , LAN M C . Survey onhigh-performance computing technology and Standards [J ] . Computer Science , 2023 , 50 ( 11 ): 1 - 7 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.1063/1.31659 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.31659 https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article/50/1/1-9/581632 https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article/50/1/1-9/581632