张超 , 赵祥君 , 周华钦 . 美军特种作战车辆装备发展与启示 [J ] . 军事交通学院学报 , 2019 , 21 ( 10 ): 52 - 56 .

ZHANG C , ZHAO X J , ZHOU H Q . Development and enlightenment of special operational vehicle equipment in US army [J ] . Journal of Military Transportation University , 2019 , 21 ( 10 ): 52 - 56 . (in Chinese)

张浩宇 , 张树凯 , 程立 , 等 . 杀伤爆破战斗部起爆方式对地面目标杀伤威力的影响 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 11 ): 2300 - 2309 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.11.002 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.11.002 为提高杀伤爆破（简称杀爆）战斗部对地面目标的毁伤威力，利用靶场静爆试验和数值模拟方法开展了序贯起爆网络下的定向战斗部威力研究。基于LS-DYNA有限元程序分析不同起爆方式下杀爆战斗部的破片飞散规律，编写C语言程序获得有效破片落地时的分布密度和能量分布，结合毁伤概率法计算战斗部在落角、落速、落高不同运动参数下的有效毁伤面积。研究结果表明：偏心两线和偏心三线序贯起爆在定向方向的速度增益为20.3%、19.8%，序贯起爆可有效改善破片的飞散角，提高破片的落地动能和密度，进一步提高战斗部毁伤面积；偏心两线序贯起爆时战斗部的毁伤效能最高，有效毁伤面积增益最高可达809.1%；该毁伤面积计算方法可较好地反映出破片密度和动能对毁伤效能的影响，为不同起爆方式下杀爆战斗部的毁伤评估提供参考。

ZHANG H Y , ZHANG S K , CHENG L , et al . The Impact of initiation mode of blast fragmentation warhead on the power to kill the ground target [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2021 , 42 ( 11 ): 2300 - 2309 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.11.002 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.11.002 In order to improve the damage power of blast fragmentation warhead to the ground target，the range static explosion test and the numerical simulation method are used to study the power of the aimed warhead under the sequential initiation network. The fragment dispersion rule of warhead under different initiation modes is analyzed based on LS-DYNA finite element program. The C language program is written to obtain the distribution density and energy distribution of the effective fragments during impacting on the ground.The effective damage area of warhead under different motion parameters (falling angle，falling speed，and falling height) was calculated by using the damage probability estimation method. The research results show that the speed gains of eccentric two lines and eccentric three lines sequential initiations in the locating direction are 20.3% and 19.8%. Sequential initiation can effectively improve the scattering angles of fragments，increase the kinetic energy and density of fragments，and further increase the damage area of warhead; the warhead by eccentric two lines sequential initiation has the highest damage efficiency，the effective damage area gain can reach up to 809.1%; and the damage area calculation method used here can better reflect the impacts of fragment density and kinetic energy on the damage efficiency.

印立魁 , 蒋建伟 , 门建兵 , 等 . 立方体预制破片战斗部破片初速计算模型 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2014 , 35 ( 12 ): 1967 - 1971 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.12.005 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.12.005 为了建立立方体破片的初速计算模型，运用AUTODYN软件分析已有试验的爆炸驱动过程，将其分为爆炸产物不泄露和泄露两阶段，基于系列假设、冲量定理和修正的爆炸产物压强公式建立了全过程的立方体破片速度计算模型。该模型给出的破片初速值与试验结果吻合较好，并反映出立方体预制破片的初速还与周向破片数量及驱动过程中破片的最大周向形变量有关。

YIN L K , JIANG J W , MEN J B , et al . An initial velocity model of explosively-driven cubical fragments [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2014 , 35 ( 12 ): 1967 - 1971 . (in Chinese)

曹贺全 , 张广明 , 孙素杰 , 等 . 装甲车辆防护技术研究现状与发展 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2012 , 33 ( 12 ): 1549 - 1554 . 为了提高装甲车辆在现代战争中的生存能力，减少人员伤亡，防护技术得到了世界各军事强国的重视，并得到了全面的发展。介绍了现代装甲发展现状和防护水平，列举了先进装甲车辆的防护装备。总结了防护关键技术中装甲材料的研究现状和性能水平。在此基础上，以美国、英国的研究情况为对象，对代表现代装甲防护技术发展趋势的“综合防护系统”进行了分析。

CAO H Q , ZHANG G M , SUN S J , et al . Status and development of protection technology of armored vehicles [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2012 , 33 ( 12 ): 1549 - 1554 . (in Chinese)

李茂 , 高圣智 , 侯海量 , 等 . 空爆冲击波与破片群联合作用下聚脲涂覆陶瓷复合装甲结构毁伤特性 [J ] . 爆炸与冲击 , 2020 , 40 ( 11 ): 51 - 63 .

LI M , GAO S Z , HOU H L , et al . Damage characteristics of polyurea coated ceramic/steel composite armor structures subjected to combined loadings of blast and high-velocity fragments [J ] . Explosion and Shock Waves , 2020 , 40 ( 11 ): 51 - 63 . (in Chinese)

WU J Y , JI C , LONG Y , et al . Dynamicresponses and damage of cylindrical shells under the combined effects of fragments and shock waves [J ] . Thin-Walled Structures , 2017 , 113 : 94 - 103 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2017.01.009 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2017.01.009 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263823116306255 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263823116306255

NYSTROEM U , GYLLTOFT K . Numerical studies of the combined effects of blast and fragment loading [J ] . International Journal of Impact Engineering , 2009 , 36 ( 8 ): 995 - 1005 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.02.008 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.02.008 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X09000529 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X09000529

ZHANG C Z , CHENG Y S , ZHANG P , et al . Numerical investigation of the response of I-core sandwich panels subjected to combined blast and fragment loading [J ] . Engineering Structures , 2017 , 115 : 459 - 471 .

吴港 , 王昕 , 纪冲 , 等 . 高速破片与爆炸冲击波对钢板联合作用的数值模拟分析 [J ] . 火工品 , 2021 ( 3 ): 24 - 28 .

WU G , WANG X , JI C , et al . Numerical simulation analysis of combined action of high-speed fragments and explosion shock wave on steel plate [J ] . Initiators & Pyrotechnics , 2021 ( 3 ): 24 - 28 . (in Chinese)

程远胜 , 谢杰克 , 李哲 , 等 . 冲击波和破片群联合作用下高强聚乙烯/泡沫铝夹芯复合结构毁伤响应特性 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 8 ): 1753 - 1762 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.08.020 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.08.020 为提高舰船在冲击波和破片群联合作用下抗毁伤能力，提出一种新型高强聚乙烯/泡沫铝夹芯复合结构，旨在采用TNT炸药和预制破片的方式开展其在联合作用下毁伤响应的数值研究。基于有限元软件LS-DYNA，模拟结构在冲击波和破片群联合作用下的动态响应过程，与典型工况的实验结果对比验证数值模型的可靠性。在此基础上，分析特征点的速度与加速度响应以及能量吸收特性，获得结构的毁伤响应特征，进一步探讨面板厚度配置对结构失效模式和塑性变形的影响。结果表明：夹芯复合结构加速度时程曲线中破片和上面板中心点加速度均存在两个明显的峰值，分别是由于破片撞击强度较大的上面板和高强聚乙烯芯层所引起；上面板和泡沫铝在复合结构整体塑性耗散功中占主导；等质量条件下，上下面板等厚的配置在上面板对于破片的速度衰减能力减弱不大情况下，下面板具有足够强的抗弯能力，使得下面板塑性变形最小，具有最优的抗联合毁伤性能。

CHENG Y S , XIE J K , LI Z , et al . Damage response characteristics of UHMWPE/aluminum foam composite sandwich panel subjected to combined blast and fragment loadings [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2021 , 42 ( 8 ): 1753 - 1762 . (in Chinese)

KONG X S , WU W G , LI J , et al . Experimental and numerical investigation on a multilayer protective structure under the synergistic effect of blast and fragment loadings [J ] . International Journal of Impact Engineering , 2014 , 65 : 146 - 162 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.11.009 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.11.009 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X13002200 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X13002200

田力 , 胡建伟 . 近爆冲击波和破片群联合作用下I-V型夹芯板的防护性能研究 [J ] . 中南大学学报(自然科学版) , 2018 , 49 ( 11 ): 2831 - 2842 .

TIAN L , HU J W . Research on protective properties of I-V sandwich panel under the combined loading of close-range blast wave and fragments [J ] . Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology) , 2018 , 49 ( 11 ): 2831 - 2842 . (in Chinese)

张志理 , 乐贵高 , 仲健林 , 等 . 爆炸载荷下波纹板防护性能分析与优化设计 [J ] . 兵器装备工程学报 , 2018 , 39 ( 3 ): 83 - 88 .

ZHANG Z L , LE G G , ZHONG J L , et al . Analysis and optimization of corrugated plate under explosion load [J ] . Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering , 2018 , 39 ( 3 ): 83 - 88 . (in Chinese)

雷灏 , 姚志敏 , 尉广军 . 基于Gurney公式的半预制破片飞散特性研究 [J ] . 爆破 , 2014 , 31 ( 1 ): 38 - 41 , 74.

LEI H , YAO Z M , WEI G J . Research on dispersion characteristics of pre-formed fragments based on gurney formula [J ] . Blasting , 2014 , 31 ( 1 ): 38 - 41 , 74. (in Chinese)

郑红伟 , 陈长海 , 侯海量 , 等 . 破片尺寸对空爆冲击波及破片传播过程的影响仿真分析 [J ] . 中国舰船研究 , 2017 , 12 ( 6 ): 73 - 80 .

ZHENG H W , CHEN C H , HOU H L , et al . Simulation analysis of effects of single fragment size on air-blast wave and fragment propagation [J ] . Chinese Journal of Ship Research , 2017 , 12 ( 6 ): 73 - 80 . (in Chinese)

王孟鑫 , 陈睿颖 , 王金相 . 破片与冲击波联合作用下多孔泡沫铝夹芯复合材料板的防护性能 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 5 ): 1041 - 1052 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.05.017 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.05.017 多孔泡沫铝钛合金板不仅克服了传统防护结构质量大、运输不便等缺点，还具有耐疲劳、比强度高等优点，对抗爆防护材料轻质化、高效化具有十分重要的意义。采用有限元仿真分析软件LS-DYNA，对夹芯复合材料板在冲击波与破片联合作用下的失效模式和防护性能展开了数值模拟，对比分析了不同排列方式下泡沫铝夹芯结构对背板变形程度的影响。结果表明：在40 cm爆距下，破片会先于冲击波对靶板进行作用，且破片载荷强度远大于冲击波载荷强度；当厚度方向的结构按照“1 mm厚钛合金面板+10 mm厚泡沫铝+10 mm厚泡沫铝+10 mm厚纤维+1 mm厚钛合金背板”排列时，背板变形位移最小，结构总内能最高，分别为13.9 mm和52.7 kJ，此工况可以更有效地降低结构整体变形程度，吸收面板变形所产生的能量。

WANG M X , CHEN R Y , WANG J X . Protective properties of porous foam aluminum sandwich composite plate under the combined action of fragment and shock wave [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2021 , 42 ( 5 ): 1041 - 1052 . (in Chinese)

胡玉涛 , 蒋邦海 , 卢芳云 , 等 . 基于LS-DYNA计算结果的破片战斗部虚拟打击仿真 [J ] . 弹道学报 , 2012 , 24 ( 1 ): 27 - 31 . 为了完整描述破片战斗部打击轻装甲目标的全过程,建立了破片战斗部打击仿真系统.该系统实现了基于LS-DYNA计算结果的动态破片场生成,使用射击迹线仿真模型确定了破片的飞行弹道,采用THOR模型分析了目标的侵彻毁伤.该系统使用标准C++和glut库进行程序编译,实现了虚拟打击仿真的三维漫游显示.以某战斗部为例进行了算例分析,并与试验进行了对比,结果表明,仿真与试验的破片着靶总数基本一致,但在分布上有一定的差别;利用该系统进行战斗部设计和评估能够减少靶场试验次数和降低试验费用.

HU Y T , JIANG B H , LU F Y , et al . Simulation of fragment warhead attack based on LS-DYNA simulation results [J ] . Journal of Ballistics , 2012 , 24 ( 1 ): 27 - 31 . (in Chinese)

孙晓旺 , 张进成 , 彭兵 , 等 . 军用车辆底部爆炸冲击下载员下肢保护装置设计与优化 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 12 ): 2555 - 2564 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.12.003 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.12.003 针对车辆底部爆炸冲击下载员下肢因地板冲击发生严重损伤的问题，结合柔性地板结构和防雷脚垫结构，设计了车辆载员下肢保护装置。采用整车爆炸仿真对下肢保护装置防护性能进行分析，研究设计参数对防护性能的影响，确定较优的设计；对较优的下肢保护装置进行静刚度分析，确定其能够提供足够的日常支撑力。对下肢保护装置的设计进行多目标优化，获取该优化问题的一个最优设计方案；通过整车爆炸仿真和试验验证设计方案。结果表明，该方案能够有效降低载员下肢所受冲击，显著提高乘员下肢的防护能力。

SUN X W , ZHANG J C , PENG B , et al . Design and optimization of occupant lower limb protection device against explosion shock below military vehicle [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2021 , 42 ( 12 ): 2555 - 2564 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.12.003 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.12.003 For severe damage to the lower limbs of vehicle occupant caused by the explosion shock below vehicle，a vehicle occupant lower limb protection device was designed by combining the flexible floor and the explosion-proof foot pad. The protective performance of the lower limb protection device and the influence of design parameters on the protective performance are studied based on vehicle explosive simulation，and a preferable design is determined. Static stiffness analysis of the preferable design is made to determine if it can provide sufficient support in daily use. Multi-objective optimization is performed for the structure of lower limb protection device to obtain the optimal design. The vehicle explosion simulation and test were carried out to verify this design. The results show that the occupant lower limb protection device can effectively reduce the impact to the lower limbs and significantly improve the protection ability of the lower limbs.