闫俊伯 , 刘彦 , 李亚飞 , 等 . 不同强度混凝土及钢筋对钢筋混凝土柱抗爆性能的影响 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 3 ): 530 - 544 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.03.009 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.03.009 以钢筋混凝土（RC）柱在爆炸载荷作用下的毁伤和防护为背景，研究新型材料超高性能混凝土（UHPC）、高强混凝土（HSC）和高强钢筋（HSS）对RC柱在近距离爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应。利用有限元显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA建立RC柱三维有限元模型，该模型运用光滑粒子流体动力学方法考虑了压缩碎裂和震塌局部效应。通过实验验证数值仿真算法、材料模型和参数的正确性，详细研究了UHPC、HSC和HSS对RC柱抗爆性能的影响。结果表明：相同比例距离0.8 m/kg^1/3 下，与低强度混凝土柱（抗压强度30 MPa）和HSC柱（抗压强度80 MPa）相比，抗压强度140 MPa UHPC柱承受的最大梯恩梯药量提高10倍；HSS与UHPC组合增加了柱的脆性，RC柱更易发生剪切破坏。

YAN J B , LIU Y , LI Y F , et al . Effects of high performance concrete and high strength steel on the blast response of steel reinforced concrete columns [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2021 , 42 ( 3 ): 530 - 544 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.03.009 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.03.009 A numerical model of the reinforced concrete (RC) columns was developed using software LS-DYNA.In the numerical model，the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used，and the spalling effect and strain rate effect are considered. The finite element model is valiated through the experimental data. A parametric study is further carried out to examine the effects of ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)，high strength concrete(HSC) and high strength steel(HSS) on the blast resistance of RC columns. The results show that， compared with normal strength concrete column (30 MPa compressive resistance) and high strength concrete column(80 MPa compressive resistance)，the blast resistance of UHPC column (140 MPa compressive resistance) is increased by ten times under same scaled distance of 0.8 m/kg^1/3. However，HSS results in more brittle damage in UHPC columns. The damage mode of RC columns changes from flexure to shear.

汪维 , 刘瑞朝 , 吴飚 , 等 . 爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁毁伤判据研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2016 , 37 ( 8 ): 1421 - 1429 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.08.012 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.08.012 为研究钢筋混凝土梁在爆炸波作用下的毁伤判据，对两种尺寸的钢筋混凝土梁在缩比条件下进行了不同爆炸距离作用和装药量下的试验研究。试验中以高层和框架结构中最常见的两种 梁为研究对象，通过11次独立的爆炸试验，观测了钢筋混凝土梁在不同装药量下的破坏模式和破坏特征。研究结果表明：钢筋混凝土梁在近区爆炸荷载作用下，在同一爆高下，随着装药量的增加，梁的破坏程度逐渐增加，破坏模式由迎爆面中心两侧少量混凝土脱落和背爆面少量断裂裂纹逐渐增加为迎爆面倒三角锥形式混凝土压碎弯曲破坏，背爆面出现三角锥裂纹和背爆面少量混凝土脱落破坏，最终迎爆面和背爆面三角锥破坏区域贯通形成中心区域压碎崩塌弯曲破坏；崩塌区域的尺寸随着装药量增加而逐渐增加。近区爆炸（以爆距0.5 m为例）作用下，试验钢筋混凝土梁的毁伤判据为：当比例爆高Z>0.4 m/kg^1/3 时，梁遭受到轻微破坏；当比例爆高0.3 m/kg^1/31/3</sup> 时，梁遭受到中等破坏；当比例爆高0.28 m/kg^1/31/3</sup>时，混凝土梁遭受重度破坏；当比例爆高Z1/3</sup>，梁遭受严重破坏。在近区爆炸作用下，钢筋混凝土梁的破坏不仅依赖于爆炸比例距离，还与爆高有关，同一比例距离下爆高越大，梁试件的破坏越严重。研究结果可为工程应用及毁伤评估提供参考。

WANG W , LIU R C , WU B , et al . Damage criteria of reinforced concrete beams under blast loading [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2016 , 37 ( 8 ): 1421 - 1429 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.08.012 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.08.012 In order to investigate the damage criteria of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under blast loading, the experimental study of two different dimensions of RC beams under different blast distances and charge masses is carried out. Two common RC beams designed for tall buildings and frame structures are taken as the research objects. The damage mode and characteristics of RC beams are got through 11 independent blast experiments. The results show that, when RC beams are subjected to close-in blast loading, the damage level increases with the increase in explosive mass at the same blast distance, the damage mode of RC beams changes from a few fall-off of concrete on the two sides of upper side and a few ruptures on the rear face to the compressed flexural damage of reverse triangle cone-shaped concrete on the upper side and triangle cone-shaped crack and a fall-off of concrete on the rear face, and finally the triangle cone-shaped damage areas on both upper side and rear face are perforated to result in a crushed and punched damage of concrete in the middle area. The damage area increases with the increase in explosive mass. Under close-in blast loading (blast distance= 0.5 m for example), the damage criteria of the RC beams used in the experiment are: the beam suffers from minor damage for scaled burst distance Z>0.4 m/kg^1/3; it suffers from moderate damage for scaled burst distance 0.3 m/kg^1/3<Z<0.4 m/kg^1/3; it suffers from high damage for scaled burst distance 0.28 m/kg^1/3<Z<0.3 m/kg^1/3; it suffers from serious damage for scaled burst distance Z<0.28 m/kg^1/3. It is also found that the damage of RC beam not only depends on the scaled burst distance under close-in blast loading, but also depends on the burst distance. At the same scaled burst distance, the more the burst distance is, the damage of RC beam is more serious. The results can be useful for engineering application and damage assessments.

岳松林 , 王明洋 , 张宁 , 等 . 混凝土靶板在接触爆炸作用下的震塌和贯穿临界厚度计算方法 [J ] . 爆炸与冲击 , 2016 , 36 ( 4 ): 472 - 481 .

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马衍轩 , 李梦瑶 , 朱鹏飞 , 等 . 超高性能水泥基复合材料的多尺度设计与抗爆炸性能研究进展 [J ] . 材料导报 , 2021 , 35 ( 17 ): 17190 - 17198 .

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杨呈风 , 闫俊伯 , 刘彦 , 等 . 接触爆炸载荷下波纹钢加固钢筋混凝土靶板毁伤特征分析 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2022 , 42 ( 5 ): 453 - 462 .

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WANG W , HUO Q , YANG J C , et al . Damage analysis of POZD coated square reinforced concrete slab under contact blast [J ] . Defence Technology , 2022 , 18 ( 9 ): 1715 - 1726 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2021.07.005 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2021.07.005 High efficiency, environmental protection and sustainability have become the main theme of the development of the protection engineering, requiring that the components not only meet the basic functions, but also have chemical properties such as acid and alkali corrosion resistance and aging resistance. Polyisocyanate-oxazodone (POZD) polymer has the above characteristics, it also has the advantages of strong toughness, high strength and high elongation. The concrete slab sprayed with POZD material has excellent anti-blast performance. In order to explore the damage characteristics of POZD sprayed concrete slabs under the action of contact explosion thoroughly, the contact explosion test of POZD concrete slabs with different charges were carried out. On the basis of experimental verification, numerical simulation were used to study the influence of the thickness of the POZD on the blast resistance of the concrete slab. According to the test and numerical simulation results that as the thickness of the coating increases, the anti-blast performance of the concrete slab gradually increases, and the TNT equivalent required for critical failure is larger. Based on the above analysis, empirical expressions on normalized crater diameter, the normalized spall diameter and normalized spall diameter are obtained. © 2022 China Ordnance Society

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CHEN Q Q , ZHANG Y H , ZHAO T T , et al . Mesoscale modelling of concretes subjected to triaxial loadings: mechanical properties and fracture behaviour [J ] . Materials , 2021 , 14 ( 5 ): 1099 . DOI: 10.3390/ma14051099 http://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051099 https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/5/1099 https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/5/1099 The mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of concretes under different triaxial stress states were investigated based on a 3D mesoscale model. The quasistatic triaxial loadings, namely, compression–compression–compression (C–C–C), compression–tension–tension (C–T–T) and compression–compression–tension (C–C–T), were simulated using an implicit solver. The mesoscopic modelling with good robustness gave reliable and detailed damage evolution processes under different triaxial stress states. The lateral tensile stress significantly influenced the multiaxial mechanical behaviour of the concretes, accelerating the concrete failure. With low lateral pressures or tensile stress, axial cleavage was the main failure mode of the specimens. Furthermore, the concretes presented shear failures under medium lateral pressures. The concretes experienced a transition from brittle fracture to plastic failure under high lateral pressures. The Ottosen parameters were modified by the gradient descent method and then the failure criterion of the concretes in the principal stress space was given. The failure criterion could describe the strength characteristics of concrete materials well by being fitted with experimental data under different triaxial stress states.

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HAO Y F , HAO H . Influence of the concrete DIF model on the numerical predictions of RC wall responses to blast loadings [J ] . Engineering Structures , 2014 ; 73 : 24 - 38 . DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.042 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.042 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0141029614002648 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0141029614002648

HARTMANN T , PIETZSCH A , GEBBEKEN N . A hydrocode material model for concrete [J ] . International Journal of Protective Structures , 2010 , 1 ( 4 ): 443 - 468 . DOI: 10.1260/2041-4196.1.4.443 http://doi.org/10.1260/2041-4196.1.4.443 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1260/2041-4196.1.4.443 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1260/2041-4196.1.4.443 In order to predict the behavior of concrete structures under impulsive loading it is not only essential to be able to model the dynamic strength and other strain rate dependent properties of the material, but also to describe realistically the damage and the softening process of the material. Various material models representing different phenomena of the response of concrete to high dynamic loads have already been developed. However, concrete modeling, especially damage modeling, is still far from completion. This paper presents an enhanced material model (HPG) for the simulation of concrete subjected to high dynamic loads. It combines existing approaches from different material models and new formulations for the dynamic strength increase, damage and degradation. The model is based on static material behavior and extends it to the high dynamic range. The formulations for yield surface, plastic hardening and strain rate dependency are presented and the damage and degradation models are explained in detail. The model was implemented in the commercial hydrocode Autodyn and validated both by contact detonation and large caliber impact tests.

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