肖建光 , 谢志渊 , 王岩鑫 , 等 . Al/PTFE活性材料弹丸冲击/爆燃行为数值模拟研究 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2022 , 42 ( 3 ): 223 - 232 .

XIAO J G , XIE Z Y , WANG Y X , et al . Numerical simulation method of impact/deflagration behavior by reactive materials projectile [J ] . Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology , 2022 , 42 ( 3 ): 223 - 232 . (in Chinese)

聂政元 , 肖建光 , 王岩鑫 , 等 . THV基活性材料力学性能与点火反应特性 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2022 , 43 ( 12 ): 3030 - 3039 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0684 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2021.0684 为研究铪/四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物(Hf/THV)活性材料的力学性能与点火反应特性，采用溶剂蒸发-热压烧结法制备不同配比的Hf/THV试件，并开展准静态压缩试验与基于分离式霍普金森压杆的动态加载试验。研究结果表明：Hf/THV在动态加载下发生瞬间断裂，导致断裂处温度急剧升高形成热点、引发点火反应；THV的应变软化影响Hf/THV的力学性能和失效模式，进而影响材料的点火反应；质量含量62%Hf的Hf/THV试件由于明显的应变软化而表现出较强的塑性变形能力，动态加载持续较长时间后才有极少部分发生断裂，导致反应延迟时间较长且非常微弱；质量含量88%Hf的Hf/THV试件强度较高且脆性较强，动态加载持续较短时间内便能发生大范围断裂，导致反应延迟时间短且比较剧烈，但氧化剂THV的减少导致反应不充分。

NIE Z Y , XIAO J G WANG Y X , et al . Mechanical properties and ignition reaction characteristics of THV-based reactive materials [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2022 , 43 ( 12 ): 3030 - 3039 . (in Chinese)

李鑫 , 王伟力 , 梁争峰 , 等 . 复合结构活性破片对双层靶标毁伤效应 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 4 ): 764 - 772 .

LI X , WANG L W , LIANG Z F , et al . Damage effect of composite structural reactive fragments on double-ayer targets [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2021 , 42 ( 4 ); 764 - 772 . (in Chinese)

徐光泽 , 张良 , 张兴高 , 等 . 活性破片侵彻Q235钢靶穿燃后效实验研究 [J ] . 火工品 , 2021 ( 2 ): 19 - 22 .

XU G Z , ZHANG L , ZHANG X G , et al . Study on aftereffect of penetrating Q235 steel by reactive fragment [J ] . Initiators and Pyrotechnics , 2021 ( 2 ): 19 - 22 . (in Chinese)

余庆波 , 郭志荣 , 钟世威 , 等 . 活性射流侵爆耦合毁伤效应分析 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2021 , 41 ( 5 ): 465 - 473 .

YU Q B , GUO Z R , ZHONG S W , et al . Analysis of pentration and blast combined damage effects of reactive material jet [J ] . Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology , 2021 , 41 ( 5 ): 465 - 473 . (in Chinese)

耿宝群 , 郑元枫 , 肖艳文 , 等 . 梯度压力分布活性材料准静态压缩特性 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2021 , 41 ( 4 ): 364 - 371 .

GENG B Q , ZHENG Y F , XIAO Y W , et al . Quasi-static compression properties of reactive materials with molding pressure gradient distributions [J ] . Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology , 2021 , 41 ( 4 ): 364 - 371 . (in Chinese)

赵宏伟 , 余庆波 , 邓斌 , 等 . 活性破片终点毁伤威力试验研究 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2020 , 40 ( 4 ): 375 - 381 .

ZHAO H W , YU Q B , DENG B , et al . Experimental study on terminal demolition lethality of reactive fragments [J ] . Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology , 2020 , 40 ( 4 ): 375 - 381 . (in Chinese)

谢剑文 , 李沛豫 , 王海福 , 等 . 活性破片撞击油箱毁伤行为与机理 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2022 , 42 ( 7 ): 1565 - 1577 .

XIE J W , LI P Y , WANG H F , et al . Damage behaviors and mechanisms of reactive fragments impacting fuel tanks [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2022 , 42 ( 7 ): 1565 - 1577 . (in Chinese)

余庆波 , 周晟 , 张甲浩 , 等 . 金属基活性破片侵彻间隔铝靶作用行为 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 8 ): 2263 - 2272 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0232 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0232 为揭示活性破片穿靶毁伤机理,研究活性破片靶后碎片云与毁伤效应行为,开展了金属基活性破片侵彻间隔铝靶弹道枪实验。通过观察间隔铝靶穿孔模式与弹靶作用行为高速摄像,结合破片侵靶破碎理论、能量守恒定律和活性破片激活响应行为,分析活性破片侵彻间隔铝靶作用行为。研究结果表明:球形活性破片侵彻间隔铝靶时,对前靶造成冲塞毁伤,靶后形成碎片云对后靶造成动能-化学能耦合毁伤,后靶毁伤主要呈现为中心贯穿和碎片撞击复合模式,活性破片激活程度随碰撞速度增加呈增大趋势:建立了活性破片靶后碎片云理论模型,获得了碎片云演化规律,在不同碰撞速度下,临界贯穿孔径位置处的单位碎片动能与单位反应质量呈负相关关系。

YU Q B , ZHOU S , ZHANG J H , et al . Behavior of metal-based reactive fragments penetrating spaced aluminum targets [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2023 , 44 ( 8 ): 2263 - 2272 . (in Chinese)

FRIICHTENICHT S . Ionization associated with hypervelocity impact:NASA-TN-D-2091 [R ] . Washington, DC, US:NASA ,1963.

RATCLIFF P R , REBER M , COLE M J , et al . Velocity thresholds for impact plasma production [J ] . Advances in Space Research , 1997 , 20 ( 8 ): 1471 - 1476 . DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00419-5 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00419-5 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0273117797004195 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0273117797004195

HEW Y M , GOEL A , CLOSE S , et al . Hypervelocity impact flash and plasma on electrically biased spacecraft surfaces [J ] . International Journal of Impact Engineering , 2018 , 121 : 1 - 11 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.05.008 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.05.008 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X17311429 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X17311429

ZHANG K , LONG R R , ZHANG Q M , et al . Flash characteristics of plasma induced by hypervelocity impact [J ] . Physics of Plasmas , 2016 , 23 ( 8 ): 083519 . DOI: 10.1063/1.4960297 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4960297 https://pubs.aip.org/pop/article/23/8/083519/319015/Flash-characteristics-of-plasma-induced-by https://pubs.aip.org/pop/article/23/8/083519/319015/Flash-characteristics-of-plasma-induced-by Using a two-stage light gas gun, a series of hypervelocity impact experiments was conducted in which 6.4-mm-diameter spherical 2024-aluminum projectiles impact 23-mm-thick targets made of the same material at velocities of 5.0, 5.6, and 6.3 km/s. Both an optical pyrometer composed of six photomultiplier tubes and a spectrograph were used to measure the flash of the plasma during hypervelocity impact. Experimental results show that, at a projectile velocity of 6.3 km/s, the strong flash lasted about 10 μs and reached a temperature of 4300 K. Based on the known emission lines of AL I, spectral methods can provide the plasma electron temperature. An electron-temperature comparison between experiment and theoretical calculation indicates that single ionization and secondary ionization are the two main ionizing modes at velocities 5.0–6.3 km/s.

SONG W D , LÜ Y T , LI J Q , et al . Influence of impact conditions on plasma generation during hypervelocity impact by aluminum projectile [J ] . Physics of Plasmas , 2016 , 23 ( 7 ): 1861 - 1869 .

GONG L F , ZHANG Q M , LONG R R , et al . Theoretical analysis of ionization of spherical aluminum alloy projectile impacting aluminum alloy target in hypervelocity impact [J ] . International Journal of Impact Engineering , 2021 , 158 : 104022 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.104022 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.104022 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X21002098 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734743X21002098

CHEN S L , SEKIGUCHI T . Instantaneous direct-display system of plasma parameters by means of triple probe [J ] . Journal of Applied Physics , 1965 , 36 ( 8 ): 2363 - 2375 . DOI: 10.1063/1.1714492 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.1714492 https://pubs.aip.org/jap/article/36/8/2363/508910/Instantaneous-Direct-Display-System-of-Plasma https://pubs.aip.org/jap/article/36/8/2363/508910/Instantaneous-Direct-Display-System-of-Plasma A new electrostatic probe method utilizing the triple probe is proposed in which no voltage or frequency sweep (or switching) is required. This feature enables us to determine the instantaneous values of the electron temperature (Te), as well as the electron density (ne), within a short time which is of the order of the intrinsic response time of the probe itself (⪝1μsec). Moreover, the system allows the direct display of the Te values as well as the semidirect display of the ne values on appropriate display units, thus permitting us to eliminate almost all procedures usually required for data processing. In view of the features mentioned, this system may be a useful diagnostic tool not only for stationary plasmas but also for rapidly varying time-dependent plasmas of various types.

龚良飞 , 张庆明 , 龙仁荣 , 等 . 超高速碰撞铝合金产生等离子体的磁场及辐射特性 [J ] . 中国科学(物理学力学天文学) , 2020 , 50 ( 9 ): 198 - 208 .

GONG L F , ZHANG Q M , LONG R R , et al . Magnetic field and radiation characteristics of plasma produced by hypervelocity impact on aluminum alloy [J ] . Scientia Sinica Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica , 2020 , 50 ( 9 ): 198 - 208 . (in Chinese)

宁建国 , 栗建桥 , 宋卫东 . 超高速碰撞产生等离子体的毁伤特性研究 [J ] . 力学学报 , 2014 , 46 ( 6 ): 853 - 861 . DOI: 10.6052/0459-1879-14-058 http://doi.org/10.6052/0459-1879-14-058 以热力学为基础,结合化学反应速率方程,推导得出描述超高速碰撞产生的等离子体电子密度与系统内能关系的物理方程组. 应用自行编写的二维光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics, SPH) 程序求解了此方程组,在模拟超高速碰撞过程中计算产生的等离子体,实现对超高速碰撞产生等离子体的数值模拟.进行铝球超高速碰撞双层铝板的数值模拟研究,给出与实验对比的结果. 统计前后两次碰撞产生等离子体的电量,发现碰撞较薄的前板产生了较少的电荷而一次碎片云对较厚后板的碰撞产生了大量的电荷. 交换前后两板的位置. 进行相同速度碰撞的模拟,分析结果发现一次碎片云碰撞后板产生的等离子体电量远小于第一次的模拟结果,而前板碰撞产生的等离子体电量要高于第一次模拟结果,由此可见,超高速碰撞产生等离子体的总电量不仅与弹丸的质量和碰撞速度有关,与薄板的厚度也有很大的关系,通过一次碎片云与第二层板碰撞可以产生远高于弹丸碰撞单层板产生的电量,可以提高等离子体产生效率,增强对航天器的电磁毁伤.

NING J G , LI J Q , SONG W D . Damage characteristics of plasma produced by hypervelocity collision [J ] . Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics , 2014 , 46 ( 6 ): 853 - 861 . (in Chinese)

CHEN F F . Introduction to plasma physics and controlled fusion [M ] . New York,NY , US : Plenum Press , 1984 .

MILLER A . CRC handbook of chemistry and physics [M ] . 78th ed. Boca Raton, FL , US : CRC Press , 1998 .

CLOSE S , KELLEY M C . FLETCHER A , et al . RF signatures of hypervelodty impacts on spacecraft [C ] //Proceedings of the 3rd AIAA atmospheric space environments conference. Reston, VA, US:AIAA , 2011 : 105 - 111 .

MEYERS M A . Dynamic behavior of materials [M ] . NewYork, NY , US : John Wiley & Sons , 1994 .

刘彧千 . CMOS器件与电路的电磁脉冲效应与实验研究 [D ] . 西安 : 西安电子科技大学 , 2021 .

LIU Y Q . Effects and experimental research of electromagnetic pulse in cmos devices and circuits [D ] . Xi’an : Xidian University , 2021 . (in Chinese)

张凯 . 超高速碰撞LY12铝靶产生电磁辐射实验研究 [D ] . 北京 : 北京理工大学 , 2016 .

ZHANG K . Experimental study on electromagnetic radiation of LY12-Al produced by hypervelocity impact [D ] . Beijing : Beijing Institute of Technology , 2016 . (in Chinese)

任兴荣 . 半导体器件的电磁损伤效应与机理研究 [D ] . 西安 : 西安电子科技大学 , 2014 .

REN X R . Research on the electromagnetic damage effects and mechanisms of semiconductor devices [D ] . Xi’an : Xidian University , 2014 . (in Chinese)