路卓 , 江剑 . 火炮身管内膛表面疵病检测系统的设计与研究 [J ] . 兵器装备工程学报 , 2022 , 43 ( 3 ): 112 - 118 .

LU Z , JIANG J . Design and research of the inspection system for the surface defects of the artillery tube [J ] . Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering , 2022 , 43 ( 3 ): 112 - 118 . (in Chinese)

LI X L , ZANG Y , LIAN Y , et al. An interface shear damage model of chromium coating/steel substrate under thermal erosion load [J ] . Defence Technology , 2021 , 17 ( 2 ): 405 - 415 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2020.02.002 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2020.02.002 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214914719311109 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214914719311109

金文奇 , 宁金贵 , 王剑 , 等 . 基于全膛烧蚀磨损特征的火炮内弹道仿真研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2019 , 40 ( 5 ): 968 - 977 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.05.009 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.05.009 为提高烧蚀火炮内弹道仿真精度，在文献\[1\]火炮烧蚀内弹道理论基础上，保持火药几何燃烧定律、火药燃速定律和体现起始部膛线烧蚀的弹丸起动压力方程不变，通过对变炮膛截面积、变药室容积、弹后烧蚀容积增量等全膛烧蚀磨损特征的分析和计算，建立体现全膛烧蚀的弹丸运动方程和内弹道基本方程，从而建立烧蚀磨损内弹道模型。借鉴经典内弹道诸元解算方法，导出烧蚀磨损内弹道模型解算方法。以某火炮试验数据为例进行仿真烧蚀磨损内弹道计算，仿真结果表明：初速仿真值与试验值误差为0.9%，能够满足火炮工程实践3%的仿真误差要求；仿真精度优于文献\[1\]的火炮烧蚀内弹道方法，证明了所建立的烧蚀磨损内弹道模型和诸元解算方法是正确的，可用于烧蚀磨损火炮身管寿命预测。

JIN W Q , NING J G , WANG J , et al. Simulation research of interior ballistics based on erosion wear characteristic of full-bore [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2019 , 40 ( 5 ): 968 - 977 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.05.009 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.05.009 In order to improve the simulation precision of artillery interior ballistics, on the base of the artillery erosion interior ballistics theory in Ref.\[1\], the kinetic equation of projectile and the basic equation of interior ballistics are set up by keeping the equations of the variable projectile starting pressure, and the geometric combustion law and burning rate law of gunpowder unchanged, and analyzing the full-bore erosion wear characteristics of artillery, such as variable bore sectional area, variable chamber volume and volume increment after body, and then an interior ballistics model based on the whole-bore erosion wear is established. The resolving method of interior ballistics is derived. The certain artillery test data are computed through simulation. The simulated results demonstrate that the error simulated and test velocities are less than 0.9%, which satisfies the requirement of 3% simulation error of artillery engineering practice. The proposed method is better than the artillery erosion interior ballistics theory in Ref.\[1\]. The result proves that the proposed interior ballistics model and resolving method have higher simulation precision, and could be used for the prodiction of artillery barrel life. Key

XIE H B , YANG H Y , YU J , et al. Research progress on advanced rail materials for electromagnetic railgun technology [J ] . Defence Technology , 2021 , 17 ( 2 ): 429 - 439 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2020.03.014 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2020.03.014 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221491471931311X https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221491471931311X

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HIOSTA P , OLPINSKI W , ŚWIDERSKI W . Possibilities of assessing weapon barrel condition by means of eddy current thermography [J ] . Proceedings of SPIE , 2021 , 11866 : 118660Z .

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丁超 , 唐力伟 , 曹立军 , 等 . 基于结构光的身管膛线高度差检测 [J ] . 光学精密工程 , 2017 , 25 ( 4 ): 545 - 553 .

DING C , TANG L W , CAO L J , et al. Height difference detection of barrel rifling based on structured light [J ] . Optics and Precision Engineering , 2017 , 25 ( 4 ): 545 - 553 . (in Chinese)

邵新杰 , 朱石坚 , 宋彬 , 等 . 火炮身管膛线磨损量光学检测方法 [J ] . 火力与指挥控制 , 2020 , 45 ( 4 ): 136 - 140 .

SHAO X J , ZHU S J , SONG B , et al. A optical detection method research on gun barrel rifling abrasion loss [J ] . Fire Control& Command Control , 2020 , 45 ( 4 ): 136 - 140 . (in Chinese)

SHANMUGAMANI R , SADIQUE M , RAMAMOORTHY B . Detection and classification of surface defects of gun barrels using computer vision and machine learning [J ] . Measurement , 2015 , 60 : 222 - 230 . DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2014.10.009 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.10.009 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263224114004734 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263224114004734

ZHENG J , ZHANG W , SHI K R . Circumferential equispaced curves's image detection technique and its application on rifling angle measurement [J ] . Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(English Edition) , 2004 , 17 ( 4 ): 519 - 523 .

汤一平 , 韩国栋 , 鲁少辉 , 等 . 基于ASODVS的火炮身管损伤检测系统 [J ] . 仪器仪表学报 , 2016 , 37 ( 10 ): 2324 - 2332 .

TANG Y P , HAN G D , LU S H , et al. Detection system for gun barrel damage based on active stereo omni-directional vision sensor [J ] . Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument , 2016 , 37 ( 10 ): 2324 - 2332 . (in Chinese)

张振友 , 杨岐子 , 于政庆 , 等 . 数字式高炮身管疵病探测仪的设计 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2015 , 36 ( 4 ): 590 - 594 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2015.04.003 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2015.04.003 高炮射击时身管疵病会对火炮的射击精度和使用安全造成重大影响，应用光机电控制技术和CCD成像技术，结合炮膛结构特点设计了高炮身管疵病探测仪。该装置通过多摄像头组合，实现了360°全景成像，观察内膛表面形貌，对身管内膛表面进行定性及定量检测，具有疵病自动定位、疵病类型自动比对、大小自动测量等功能。系统可在驱动装置的驱动下沿着身管轴线移动，对炮膛表面疵病进行有效地识别和综合评定。

ZHANG Z Y , YANG Q Z , YU Z Q , et al. Research on digital detector for detecting the flaws of anti-aircraft artillery barrel [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2015 , 36 ( 4 ): 590 - 594 . (in Chinese)

郑军 , 徐春广 , 肖定国 , 等 . 火炮身管内表面综合测量系统研究 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2003 , 23 ( 6 ): 694 - 698 .

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SHI Y , ZHANG C , LI R , et al. Theory and application of magnetic flux leakage pipeline detection [J ] . Sensors , 2015 , 15 ( 12 ): 31036 - 31055 . DOI: 10.3390/s151229845 http://doi.org/10.3390/s151229845 Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection is one of the most popular methods of pipeline inspection. It is a nondestructive testing technique which uses magnetic sensitive sensors to detect the magnetic leakage field of defects on both the internal and external surfaces of pipelines. This paper introduces the main principles, measurement and processing of MFL data. As the key point of a quantitative analysis of MFL detection, the identification of the leakage magnetic signal is also discussed. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of different identification methods are analyzed. Then the paper briefly introduces the expert systems used. At the end of this paper, future developments in pipeline MFL detection are predicted.

MA T X , WANG H L , TANG Y , et al. Numerical analysis on magnetic leakage field of pipeline defect [J ] . Journal of Vibroengineering , 2015 , 17 ( 7 ): 3594 - 3607 .

KESHWANI R T . Analysis of magnetic flux leakage signals of instrumented pipeline inspection gauge using finite element method [J ] . IETE Journal of Research , 2009 , 55 ( 2 ): 73 - 82 . DOI: 10.4103/0377-2063.53238 http://doi.org/10.4103/0377-2063.53238 http://www.jr.ietejournals.org/text.asp?2009/55/2/73/53238 http://www.jr.ietejournals.org/text.asp?2009/55/2/73/53238

KIM H M , HEO C G , CHO S H , et al. Determination scheme for accurate defect depth in underground pipeline inspection by using magnetic flux leakage sensors [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Magnetics , 2018 , 54 ( 11 ): 1 - 5 .

SOPHIAN A , TIAN G Y , ZAIRI S . Pulsed magnetic flux leakage techniques for crack detection and characterisation [J ] . Sensors and Actuators A:Physical , 2006 , 125 ( 2 ): 186 - 191 . DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2005.07.013 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2005.07.013 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924424705004115 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924424705004115

WARDINSKI I , SATURNINO D , AMIT H , et al. Geomagnetic core field models and secular variation forecasts for the 13rd International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13) [J ] . Earth, Planets and Space , 2020 , 72 ( 1 ): 1 - 22 . DOI: 10.1186/s40623-019-1127-2 http://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-019-1127-2 Dense gravity/GPS measurements collected around the southwest margin of the Ordos Block in 2014 and 2017 were used to obtain three gravity anomaly profiles across the Liupan Shan Mountains. The Liupan Shan is located in a Bouguer gravity anomaly (BGA) transitional zone; however, low BGAs to the west do not correspond to the topography of the Liupan Shan in that region, with a maximum offset of approximately 34 km. This offset is also found in inverted crustal density structures whereby the interface between the upper and lower crust is notably concave to the west of the Liupan Shan. Flexural analysis indicates that the effective elastic thickness is 5 km and the uplift is caused by oblique subduction of surface materials. According to this uplift mechanism, the offset suggests that Liupan Shan migrated eastward following partial isostatic compensation. Therefore, we suggest that Liupan Shan has experienced an uplift–compensation–uplift tectonic process.

FENG S , LIU D J , CHENG X , et al. A new segmentation strategy for processing magnetic anomaly detection data of shallow depth ferromagnetic pipeline [J ] . Journal of Applied Geophysics , 2017 , 139 : 65 - 72 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2017.02.009 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2017.02.009 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0926985116304049 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0926985116304049

WANG Y J , LIU X C , WU B , et al. Dipole modeling of stress-dependent magnetic flux leakage [J ] . NDT & E International , 2018 , 95 : 1 - 8 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2018.01.004 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2018.01.004 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0963869517304504 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0963869517304504

LIU B , CAO Y , ZHANG H , et al. Weak magnetic flux leakage: a possible method for studying pipeline defects located either inside or outside the structures [J ] . NDT & E International , 2015 , 74 : 81 - 86 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2015.05.008 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2015.05.008 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0963869515000602 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0963869515000602

LE M H , KIM J M , VU H H , et al. Fast simulation of alternating magnetic fields around a crack in a pipeline system using a dipole model method [J ] . International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields , 2014 , 27 ( 3 ): 580 - 589 . DOI: 10.1002/jnm.v27.3 http://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.v27.3 http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jnm.v27.3 http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jnm.v27.3

SHEN C , ZHOU K D , LU Y , et al. Modeling and simulation of bullet-barrel interaction process for the damaged gun barrel [J ] . Defence Technology , 2019 , 15 ( 6 ): 972 - 986 . DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2019.07.009 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2019.07.009 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214914719302326 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214914719302326

DING C , LIU N , ZHANG X Y . A mesh generation method for worn gun barrel and its application in projectile-barrel interaction analysis [J ] . Finite Elements in Analysis and Design , 2017 , 124 : 22 - 32 . DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2016.10.003 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2016.10.003 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168874X16304085 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168874X16304085

CARTER R H . Probabilistic modeling for ceramic lined gun barrels [J ] . Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology , 2006 , 128 ( 2 ): 251 - 256 . DOI: 10.1115/1.2172966 http://doi.org/10.1115/1.2172966 https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/pressurevesseltech/article/128/2/251/478577/Probabilistic-Modeling-for-Ceramic-Lined-Gun https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/pressurevesseltech/article/128/2/251/478577/Probabilistic-Modeling-for-Ceramic-Lined-Gun Designers of advanced gun systems have been tasked with increasing barrel life in the face of the extreme erosion and wear of the interior ballistics environment. The addition of refractory metal coatings, such as chromium or tantalum, have greatly boosted service life, but even with these applications the erosion resistance of the underlying gun steel is the service-life limiting factor. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is currently undertaking an effort to determine the feasibility of ceramic gun barrels. Ceramics are attractive for liner materials because of their high-temperature performance and erosion-resistance characteristics. Unfortunately, their drawbacks are low tensile strength, low fracture toughness, and brittle fracture. Previous research into the replacement of metals with a ceramic liner has met with limited success, at best, but advances in ceramic manufacturing technology, probabilistic design, and sheathing technology have led to renewed interest in this area. The work at ARL has focused on developing a material property database of commercially available ceramics, extensive finite element and analytic modeling, experimental verification, and, ultimately, demonstration of the ceramic gun barrel technology. This body of work will focus on the derivation of analytic models for an N-layered tube to calculate the Weibull failure probabilities for a ceramic liner. Model results are verified through high-pressure burst testing of blank and sheathed ceramic tubes. The application of the models as a design tool is explored by generating failure surface plots to investigate optimal geometries and prestress levels for a variety of different liner and sheath materials across various caliber systems.