Research Status of Surface Damage in Rails for Electromagnetic Launchers

Jiawei ZHANG; Junyong LU; Sai TAN; Bai LI; Yongsheng ZHANG

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0128

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Research Status of Surface Damage in Rails for Electromagnetic Launchers

更新时间：2025-08-18

- Research Status of Surface Damage in Rails for Electromagnetic Launchers
- Acta Armamentarii Vol. 44, Issue 7, Pages: 1908-1919(2023)
- 作者机构：
  
  海军工程大学电磁能技术全国重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430033
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12382/bgxb.2022.0128
  CLC：
- Received：04 March 2022，
  
  Published Online：07 August 2023，
  
  Published：30 July 2023
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Jiawei ZHANG, Junyong LU, Sai TAN, et al. Research Status of Surface Damage in Rails for Electromagnetic Launchers[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(7): 1908-1919.
DOI：

Jiawei ZHANG, Junyong LU, Sai TAN, et al. Research Status of Surface Damage in Rails for Electromagnetic Launchers[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(7): 1908-1919. DOI： 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0128.

摘要

电磁轨道发射装置中

轨道与电枢是将电能转化为动能的核心部件

轨道与电枢之间具有大电流、强磁场、高相对速度、高温度、高压力等特征

从而不可避免地造成材料损失。总结近数十年来国内外电磁轨道发射装置中有关轨道表面损伤的研究情况。轨道表面损伤主要分为4种模式:沟槽、刨削、转捩烧蚀、熔蚀摩擦磨损

它们出现在不同的特征位置

具有不同的特征形状

在轨道表面造成不同程度的损伤。国内外科学家提出相应的理论与仿真模型解释其现象

并进行试验验证结果。基于仿真或试验结果改进结构、材料及驱动电流波形等

以避免或减轻轨道表面的损伤。电磁轨道发射装置内各物理量深度耦合、工况极端、测量手段有限、难以稳定重复发射

导致针对熔蚀摩擦的微量磨损没有较完善的研究报告。需要优化测量手段、建模方法

进而更深入研究损伤机理

建立完善的降损决策方法

并掌握轨道损伤演变的规律。

Abstract

Rails and armatures are critical components in electromagnetic rail launchers that convert electrical energy into kinetic energy. Due to high current

powerful magnetic fields

high relative speeds

intense heat

and immense pressure

these components inevitably experience material loss. This article provides a comprehensive review of domestic and international research conducted over the past few decades on surface damage to rails in electromagnetic rail launchers. The surface damage is mainly categorized into four types: grooving

gouging

transition ablation

and erosion wear. Each type exhibits distinct characteristics and occurs at different locations

resulting in varying degrees of material loss. Based on this

scientists put forward theories and models to explain and confirm the observed damage through experiments. To mitigate rail damage

structure

material and drive current waveform are modified. However

due to the deeply coupled system

extreme working conditions

limited measurements and the lack of valid experiments

few research about wear erosion has been reported. To understand the damage mechanism better

develop effective optimization strategies and unravel the process of damage evolution

the measurement and modeling methods should be improved.

关键词

Keywords

references

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范薇 , 苏子舟 , 范天峰 , 等 . C形一体电枢的结构设计及接触压力分析 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2019 , 40 ( 10 ): 1969 - 1976 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.10.001 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.10.001 轨道起始段良好的电接触性能是确保轨道炮正常发射的必要条件。为增强起始段枢轨电接触性能，从枢轨接触面和接触压力两方面对C形一体电枢结构进行优化设计。利用高频涡流仿真方法计算分析接触面对电枢电磁特性的影响，获得电枢电流密度以及电磁受力曲线，通过对比分析获得最优枢轨接触面大小与位置。为避免电枢在起始运动中出现接触失效问题，对传统接触压力设计方法“安克法则（1 g/1 A）”进行修正优化，形成“安克法则”瞬态应用方法，有效地模拟接触压力瞬态变化特性。应用该方法计算不同接触面的枢轨接触压力，获得的接触压力曲线均在某临界直线如“1 g/1 A”曲线之上，结果表明枢轨接触良好。基于“安克法则”瞬态应用方法设计的电枢在最优接触面下进行5发试验，实现了较好的起始段电接触性能。以上结论可供未来电枢设计时参考。

FAN W , SU Z Z , FAN T F , et al . Geometry design and contact force analysis of c-shaped monolithic armature [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2019 , 40 ( 10 ): 1969 - 1976 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.10.001 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.10.001 <p>The proper electrical contact performance in the initial section of rail is the necessary condition to ensure the normal firing of railgun. In order to enhance the electrical contact performance, an optimal design of C-shaped monolithic armature structure is proposed from two aspects of contact surface and contact pressure. The influence of contact surface on the electromagnetic characteristics of armature is analyzed to obtain the current density and electromagnetic force curves by using high frequency eddy current simulation method. The optimum size and position of contact surface are obtained through comparison and analysis. In order to avoid the contact failure during initial motion, the traditional contact pressure design method (“1 g/1 A”) was modified and optimized to form a transient application method of “1 g/1 A”. The proposed method can be used to simulate the transient characteristics of contact pressure effectively. The proposed method is applied to calculate the contact forces on the different contact surfaces during the initial stage of launching. The calculated results show that the contact force curves of armature and rail are all above the equivalent“1 g/1 A” force curve, which proves that the method can ensure a proper contact between armature and rail. The armature designed by using the transient application method of “1 g/1 A” was tested under the optimal contact surface, in which the better electrical contact in the initial section of rail was achived. Key</p>

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