帅志斌 , 贺帅 , 李国辉 , 等 . 特种履带车辆机电复合传动装置低温启动过程建模与优化控制 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 1 ): 117 - 128 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0803 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2022.0803 针对极低温环境下，特种履带车辆机电复合传动装置冷启动时间长的问题，提出一种新型的机电复合传动装置低温快速启动方案，通过对主要加热部件能量转换过程的分析，构建低温启动过程中液压油温升的数学模型。通过控制不同加热部件的功率和加热时机，建立多约束条件下的两种低温启动控制策略：基于规则的策略和基于动态规划的策略，设计多目标优化的指标函数，实现在动力电池能量、加热部件功率等多约束下的最优启动控制。仿真结果表明：多部件加热的低温快速启动方案具备可行性，所提出的启动策略能够实现预期的控制目标；基于动态规划的策略可缩短12.6%的启动时间，同时启动过程耗能降低11.9%，有助于提升机电复合传动装置低温启动的综合效能。

SHUAI Z B , HE S , LI G H , et al. Modeling and optimal pcontrol of low-temperature starting process of electro-mechanical transmission for special tracked vehicles [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2023 , 44 ( 1 ): 117 - 128 . (in Chinese)

SHI Z Y , LIU S K , YUE H J , et al. Noise analysis and optimization of the gear transmission system for two-speed automatic transmission of pure electric vehicles [J ] . Mechanical Sciences , 2023 , 14 ( 2 ): 333 - 345 .

马彪 , 陈飞 , 李和言 , 等 . 湿式离合器摩擦副平均温升特性研究 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2016 , 37 ( 6 ): 961 - 968 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.06.001 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.06.001 针对湿式换挡离合器结合过程温升特性，基于集总参数法将离合器液压系统各元件简化为节点，建立了系统热阻网络模型与试验系统，研究获得了冷却润滑流量和转速差对离合器温升的影响规律。研究结果表明：在中低摩擦热负荷下，离合器温升对冷却流量的改变不敏感；在中高摩擦热负荷下，冷却流量变化对离合器温升影响显著，但当冷却流量增大到超过某一临界值时，流量增加对离合器温升影响微弱；转速差与离合器结合油压影响摩擦热负荷强度；离合器温升表现为转速差的线性增长关系，在相同冷却润滑状态下，转速差每增加100 r/min，离合器温升增加8.05%. 通过仿真结果与试验数据的对比，验证了所建模型的有效性，该模型能较好反映离合器正常工况的温升特性。

MA B , CHEN F , LI H Y , et al. Research on average temperature rise characteristic of wet clutch [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2016 , 37 ( 6 ): 961 - 968 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.06.001 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.06.001 On the basis of the lumped parameter method which simplifies the components in hydraulic system to nodes, a thermal resistance network model of clutch hydraulic system is proposed to investigate the effects of oil flow and rotation speed difference on the temperature rise of wet clutch during engaging. An experimental device is designed to validate the simulation results. The results show that the oil flow rate has a greater influence on the temperature rise of wet clutch under the condition of high heat flux than that under the condition of low heat flux. The oil flow brings a slight effect on the temperature rise when the cooling flow increases to the critical value. Both the relative speed and the pressure have an influence on heat flux. The temperature of wet clutch is a linear function of the relative speed of friction plates. The clutch temperature rises by 8.05 percent with every 100 r/min increment in the relative speed under same cooling condition. The proposed model is verified effectively by comparison of simulated results and experimental data, which can better reflect the thermal equilibrium of wet clutch hydraulic system in normal condition.

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WU J P , MA B , LI H Y , et al. The temperature field of friction disc in wet clutch involving the unconventional heat dissipation on the contact surface [J ] . Tribology Transactions , 2021 , 64 ( 1 ): 1 - 9 .

ZHAO E H , MA B , LI H Y . The tribological characteristics of Cu-based friction pairs in a wet multi-disc clutch under non-uniform contact [J ] . Journal of Tribology , 2018 ,140:011401.

ZHENG L J , MA B , CHEN M , et al. Numerical studies on the dynamic characteristics of a wet multi-disc clutch during the disengaging process [J ] . Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology , 2022 , 36 ( 7 ): 1 - 13 .

WU J P , CUI J H , SHU W Y , et al. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication model and failure test for micro-contact thermodynamic characteristics of friction interface [J ] . Tribology International , 2023 ,185:108499.

YU L , MA B , LI H Y , et al. Numerical and experimental studies of a wet multidisc Clutch on temperature and stress fields excited by the concentrated load [J ] . Tribology Transactions , 2019 , 62 ( 1 ): 8 - 21 .

王立勇 , 吴瑾 , 李乐 , 等 . 径向非均布压力分布对湿式摩擦副热-机耦合影响 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报 , 2021 , 41 ( 6 ): 588 - 596 .

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于亮 , 马彪 , 李和言 , 等 . 卡簧约束对多片离合器温度场的影响分析 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2018 , 39 ( 4 ): 635 - 644 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.04.002 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.04.002 为分析卡簧约束对多片离合器接触应力分布的影响，运用Abaqus仿真软件建立了多片离合器三维有限元模型。通过数值模拟，得到了多片离合器摩擦表面的接触应力分布规律和多片离合器的温度场分布。仿真和试验结果表明：卡簧约束导致了摩擦副接触应力沿径向分布不均匀，越靠近卡簧，摩擦元件的外径接触应力越大，径向应力差异越大；越远离卡簧，径向应力分布差异趋于平缓，并逐渐接近活塞压力；卡簧轴向约束导致了摩擦元件的径向温差加大，外径温升快，内径温升慢，并且轴向不同位置摩擦元件的温度场分布不一致，近卡簧侧的摩擦元件更易发生热翘曲；离合器低速长时滑摩试验验证了该温度场模型的正确性，所建模型能够切实有效地反映离合器的实际温升特性。

YU L , MA B , LI H Y , et al. Effect of circlip constraint on temperature field of multi-disc clutch [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2018 , 39 ( 4 ): 635 - 644 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.04.002 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.04.002 In order to investigate the influence of circlip constraint on the contact stress distributions of multi-disc clutch, a 3D finite element model is developed by Abaqus software. The contact stress distribution is obtained by the 3D finite element model, and the temperature distribution is obtained through numerical simulation. The simulated and experimental results show that the concentrated load of circlip results in the uneven distribution of radial contact stress of friction pairs during the clutch engagement process. The closer the friction surface is to the circlip, the larger the contact stress of outer radius of friction surface is, and the more obvious the difference of the radial contact stress is; when the friction pair is away from the circlip, the contact stress gets closer and closer to the piston pressure, and the difference of radial contact stress tends to be ease. The concentrated load of circlip leads to the increase in the radial temperature difference. The temperature in outer radius rises significantly, while the temperature in inner radius increases slowly. Moreover, the temperature fields of friction components in different axial directions are inconsistent, and the friction component near the circlip is more prone to be buckled. The proposed temperature field model is verified effectively by long time, low speed sliding experiments, which can better reflect the actual temperature rise characteristics of the multi-disc clutch.Key

陈漫 , 刘宇键 , 于亮 , 等 . 湿式多片离合器结构特征对接触压力特性的影响 [J ] . 兵工学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 2 ): 406 - 416 . DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0618 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2021.0618 针对湿式多片离合器的实际结构特征,建立多摩擦副系统有限元模型和热力学数值模型,研究压板厚度、卡簧宽度、摩擦副数等结构参数对摩擦副间接触压力差异性的影响,并通过离合器静压实验验证数值模型的正确性。制定摩擦副间接触压力差异性评价指标,提出离合器最优结构特征。研究结果表明:离合器的压板厚度和卡簧宽度对离合器接触压力差异性的影响最大,摩擦副数对其影响较小;增大压板厚度和卡簧宽度可以显著降低接触压力分布的差异性和摩擦副的径向温差;相比于初始工况,最优工况下摩擦副的最大压差和温差分别降低82%、61%。

CHEN M , LIU Y J , YU L , et al. Effects of structure characteristics of a wet multi-disk clutch on contact pressure [J ] . Acta Armamentarii , 2023 , 44 ( 2 ): 406 - 416 . (in Chinese) DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0618 http://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2021.0618 Based on the structural characteristics of a wet multi-disk clutch, a finite element model and a thermodynamic model of a multi friction-pair system are developed. The influence of structural parameters on the contact pressure between friction pairs are studied, including backplate thickness, circlip width, and number of friction pairs. Moreover, the correctness of the numerical model is verified by clutch static pressure experiments. An index is employed to evaluate the pressure differences between friction pairs, and the optimal structural parameters of the clutch are proposed. The results show that the backplate thickness and circlip width have strong effects on the pressure difference, while the number of friction pairs only has a slight influence. The differences between the contact pressure and radial temperature of friction pairs can be significantly smoothed out by increasing the plate thickness and circlip width. As compared with the initial structural conditions, the maximum differences of the control pressure and radial temperature at the optimum condition are reduced by 82% and 61%, respectively.

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