Study on the Adsorption of TNT Wastewater by Activated Coke

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0635

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to find a low-cost absorbent material to treat the wastewater containing 2，4，6-trinitrotoluene （TNT），the activated coke （AC） prepared from lignite is used to adsorb the wastewater containing TNT，and the kinetics and thermodynamics of AC，and the differences of AC surface and DSC-TGA before and after adsorption are studied.The results show that the adsorption kinetics of AC adsorbing TNT conforms to the pseudo-second order kinetic model，and the intraparticle diffusion of TNT onto AC is identified to be the rate limiting step.The adsorption process of TNT by AC is an endothermic process，and mainly chemical adsorption process.The Redlich-Peterson isotherm model is more suitable to fit the adsorption process of TNT by AC.When the concentration of TNT is 98.8mg/L，the dose of AC is 2.5g/L，pH is neutral，the temperature is 40℃，and the oscillation period is 360min，99.4% of TNT can be removed.The surface pores of AC are blocked after adsorbing TNT.The peak temperature of DSC-TGA decreases from 546.5℃ to 521.5℃，and its heat flow increases from 178.5mW to 209.6mW.

Key words: 2，4，6-trinitrotoluene, activated coke, adsorption

ZHANG Mohe, PANG Siping. Study on the Adsorption of TNT Wastewater by Activated Coke[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(S1): 250635-.

Figures/Tables 18

References 25

[1]	RAJAGOPAL C, KAPOOR J C. Development of adsorptive removal process for treatment of explosives contaminated wastewater using activated carbon[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2001, 87(1-3):73-98. pmid: 11566402
[2]	CUI L L, XIE Y P, XUE T M, et al. Adsorption performance of TAB/PDDA composite-modified bentonite on Cr(VI) and TNT wastewater[J]. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2025, 70:107028..
[3]	PERVUKHIN V V, SHEVEN D. Photolysis by UVA-visible light and thermal degradation of TNT in aqueous solutions according to aerodynamic thermal breakup droplet ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry, 2022, 432:114079.
[4]	SZOPINSKA M, PRASULA P, BARAN P, et al. Efficient removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from industrial/military wastewater using anodic oxidation on boron-doped diamond electrodes[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14:4802.. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55573-w pmid: 38413693
[5]	SIMS J G, STEEVENS J A. The role of metabolism in the toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its degradation products to the aquatic amphipod hyalella azteca[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2008, 70(1):38-46. pmid: 17980428
[6]	MARINOVIC V, RISTIĆ M, DOSTANIĆ M. Dynamic adsorption of trinitrotoluene on granular activated carbon[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005, 117(2-3):121-128. pmid: 15629570
[7]	LIU N S, QIN J Z, GE X R, et al. Preparation and study of straw porous biochar with aromatic ring structure for adsorption performance and mechanism toward TNT red water[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023, 30(56):118483-118494.
[8]	POURETEDAL H R, DAMIRI S, ALIKHASTI M, et al. Treatment of TNT red water by chemical-modified carbon adsorbent prepared from cheap raw materials of pine tree wood[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2016, 57(45):21294-21303.
[9]	WU Y G, MENG C Z, GUO Q, et al. Insights into role of microstructure in TNT adsorption performances onto zeolite,diatomite and kaolinite particles[J]. Discover Applied Sciences, 2024, 6:420.
[10]	LIU Y Z, ZENG S, HE X K, et al. Adsorption and removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by a glycoluril-derived molecular-clip-based supramolecular organic Framework[J]. Molecules, 2024, 29:5822..
[11]	XU Y W, ZHU H R, MO S J, et al. Adsorption of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by indole-based porous organic polymer with suitable three-dimensional space size via physisorption and chemisorption[J]. Polymer, 2024, 300:126993.
[12]	LIU N S, QIN J Z, GE X R, et al. Preparation and study of straw porous biochar with aromatic ring structure for adsorption performance and mechanism toward TNT red water[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023, 30(56):118483-118494.
[13]	SZOPINSKA M, PRASULA P, BARAN P, et al. Efficient removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from industrial/military wastewater using anodic oxidation on boron-doped diamond electrodes[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14:4802. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55573-w pmid: 38413693
[14]	AYOUB K, HULLEBUSCH E D V, CASSIR M, et al. Application of advanced oxidation processes for TNT removal:a review[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 178(1-3):10-28.
[15]	YIN M L, ZHAO S P, LAI J L, et al. Oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase bacteria-mediated degradation of TNT and proteomic analysis[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023, 30(54):116227-116238.
[16]	LAMBA J, BHARDWAJ D, ANAND S, et al. Biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by the microbes and their synergistic interactions[M]. Chandigarh India: Harnessing Microbial Potential for Multifarious Applications, 2024,177-202.
[17]	ZHANG M H, ZHAO Q L, BAI X, et al. Adsorption of organic pollutants from coking wastewater by activated coke[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2010, 362(1-3):140-146.
[18]	ZHANG M H, ZHAO Q L, BAI X, et al. Adsorption of organic pollutants from coking wastewater by activated coke[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2010, 362(1-3):140-146.
[19]	PREISS A, BAUER A, BERSTERMANN H M, et al. Advanced high-performance liquid chromatography method for highly polar nitroaromatic compounds in ground water samples from ammunition waste sites[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2009, 1216(25):4968-4975. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.055 pmid: 19446826
[20]	HO Y S, MCKAY G. Sorption of dye from aqueous solution by peat[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 1998, 70(2):115-124.
[21]	HO Y S, MCKAY G. Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes[J]. Process Biochemistry, 1999.
[22]	YANG C Y, MO S J, CHEN X R, et al. A high-temperature resistant benzimidazole-based porous polymer for efficient adsorption of trinitrotoluene in aqueous solution[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2024, 141(47):1-11.
[23]	REDLICH O, PETERSON D L. A useful adsorption isotherm[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2007, 63(6):1024-1024.
[24]	LEE J W, HWANG K J, SHIM W G, et al. Thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of trinitrotoluene adsorption on powdered activated carbons[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 2007, 41(16):3655-3672.
[25]	ZHANG J P, LIN X Y, LUO X G, et al. A modified lignin adsorbent for the removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 168(3):1055-1063.

物理特性	数值
比表面积/（m²·g^-1）	414.3247
总孔隙体积/（m³·g^-1）	0.266118
平均孔径/nm	2.6059
堆积密度/（g·cm^-3）	0.55
显性密度/（g·cm^-3）	0.39
在氮气实际压力和饱和蒸汽压力的比值条件下直径小于363.8383nm的孔的单点总孔径	0.99467422
化学特性	质量百分比/%
C	76.77
H	1.02
N	0.66
Ash	21.55

物理特性	数值
比表面积/（m²·g^-1）	414.3247
总孔隙体积/（m³·g^-1）	0.266118
平均孔径/nm	2.6059
堆积密度/（g·cm^-3）	0.55
显性密度/（g·cm^-3）	0.39
在氮气实际压力和饱和蒸汽压力的比值条件下直径小于363.8383nm的孔的单点总孔径	0.99467422
化学特性	质量百分比/%
C	76.77
H	1.02
N	0.66
Ash	21.55

T / ℃	q_e/ （mg· g^-1）	拟一级动力学			拟二级动力学
T / ℃	q_e/ （mg· g^-1）	q₁/ （mg· g^-1）	k₁/ （min^-1）	${R}_{1}^{2}$	q₂/ （mg· g^-1）	k₂/（g· mg^-1· min^-1）	h/ （mg· g^-1· min^-1）	${R}_{2}^{2}$
20	40.9	30.8	9.86×10^-3	0.991	44.2	5.76×10^-4	1.13	0.996
30	41.3	26.6	9.72×10^-3	0.967	44.1	6.16×10^-4	1.42	0.998
40	44.8	31.3	1.04×10^-2	0.990	47.9	6.72×10^-4	1.47	0.997

T / ℃	q_e/ （mg· g^-1）	拟一级动力学			拟二级动力学
T / ℃	q_e/ （mg· g^-1）	q₁/ （mg· g^-1）	k₁/ （min^-1）	${R}_{1}^{2}$	q₂/ （mg· g^-1）	k₂/（g· mg^-1· min^-1）	h/ （mg· g^-1· min^-1）	${R}_{2}^{2}$
20	40.9	30.8	9.86×10^-3	0.991	44.2	5.76×10^-4	1.13	0.996
30	41.3	26.6	9.72×10^-3	0.967	44.1	6.16×10^-4	1.42	0.998
40	44.8	31.3	1.04×10^-2	0.990	47.9	6.72×10^-4	1.47	0.997

T/ ℃	Langmuir 吸附模型			Freundlich 吸附模型			Redlich-Peterson 吸附模型
T/ ℃	q_m/ （mg· g^-1）	K_a/ （L· mg^-1）	${R}_{4}^{2}$	K_F	n	${R}_{5}^{2}$	A/ （L· mg^-1）^g	B/ （L· g^-1）	g	${R}_{6}^{2}$
20	59.5	6.03 ×10^-2	0.997	13.5	3.28	0.994	12.5	-0.421	0.764	0.999
30	53.3	1.27 ×10^-1	0.989	23.3	5.79	0.849	21.7	-0.324	0.880	0.994
40	69.5	5.97 ×10^-2	0.965	15.5	3.25	0.903	40.6	-0.835	0.718	0.984