Cross-layer Dynamic Detection Network for Small Target Detection in Aerial Photography

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0399

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the challenges of extreme scale variations，dense occlusion of small targets，and complex background interference in unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV）-based target detection，this paper proposes a cross-layer dynamic detection network based on an improved YOLOv10 for the detection of small target via UAV aerial photography.A dual-branch cross-layer feature fusion pyramid network for replacing the original pyramid network is designed to resolve the problem of insufficient detail preservation for small targets in traditional methods.A channel-shuffling depth-wise upsampling module is developed，which combines channel shuffle operations with depth-wise separable convolutions and enhances the edge features of small targets through high-frequency residual connections.An end-to-end dynamic detection head is adopted to replace the original detection head，and a dynamic weighting mechanism is introduced，which enables the adaptive adjustment of feature representations at each position based on contextual information.Experimental results show that the proposed detection network achieves mAP0.5 of 53.3% and mAP0.5：0.95 of 33.2% on the VisDrone 2019 validation set，which are improveed by 12.7% and 9% ，respectively，compared to YOLOv10s，while reduces the model parameters by 23.7% and achieves an FPS of 79.The proposed algorithm significantly enhances the detection accuracy while maintaining excellent inference speed.

Key words: small target detection, aerial image, feature fusion, YOLOv10, unmanned aerial vehicle, channel shuffle

LI Keting, ZHAO Zijie, YING Zhanfeng, SHEN Shiqi. Cross-layer Dynamic Detection Network for Small Target Detection in Aerial Photography[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(S1): 250399-.

Figures/Tables 18

References 25

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参数	设置
epochs	300
batch	8
workers	8
imgsz	640
optimizer	SGD
lrf lr0 momentum	0.01 0.1 0.973

参数	设置
epochs	300
batch	8
workers	8
imgsz	640
optimizer	SGD
lrf lr0 momentum	0.01 0.1 0.973

模块	参数量	通道数	输出尺寸
Conv	928	64	320×320
Conv	18560	128	160×160
C2f	29056	128	160×160
Conv	73984	256	80×80
C2f	197632	256	80×80
SCDown	36096	512	40×40
C2f	788480	512	40×40
SCDown	137728	1024	20×20
C2fCIB	958464	1024	20×20
SPPF	656896	1024	20×20
PSA	990976	1024	20×20

模块	参数量	通道数	输出尺寸
Conv	928	64	320×320
Conv	18560	128	160×160
C2f	29056	128	160×160
Conv	73984	256	80×80
C2f	197632	256	80×80
SCDown	36096	512	40×40
C2f	788480	512	40×40
SCDown	137728	1024	20×20
C2fCIB	958464	1024	20×20
SPPF	656896	1024	20×20
PSA	990976	1024	20×20

模块	参数量	通道数	输出尺寸
Conv	928	64	320×320
C2f	7360	64	320×320
Conv	18560	128	160×160
C2f	49664	128	160×160
Conv	73984	256	80×80
C2f	197632	256	80×80
SCDown	36096	512	40×40
C2fCIB	249856	512	40×40
SPPF	164608	512	40×40
PSA	249728	512	40×40