Mitigation Effects of Nanoporous Material Liquid System on losed-field Blast Loading

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0468

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the application value of nanoporous material liquid systems (NMLS) in enhancing the blast resistance of fiber shells, experimental and numerical studies were conducted on the blast mitigation effects of nano-porous silica water suspensions. Internal explosion experiments were carried out to compare the blast resistance performance of three different hollow cylindrical composite structures: empty chamber-shell, water-filled chamber-shell, and NMLS-filled chamber-shell. The results showed minimal differences in fiber breakage among these three structures, indicating that neither water nor NMLS exhibited a significant blast mitigation effect. Numerical models matching the experimental conditions were established, and the mechanical behavior of NMLS was described using a compaction equation of state validated by dynamic impact experiments. The simulation results revealed that both water and NMLS significantly increased the internal blast loading on the shell, with peak pressures reaching 1.7 and 1.9 times that of the baseline (no liquid layer), respectively. The more severe loading enhancement caused by NMLS was attributed to the higher initial pressure rise experienced by the shock wave propagating through the NMLS layer under the catch-up effect. Further numerical analyses over a broader range of parameters showed that water consistently exhibits a blast-enhancing effect, while the effect of NMLS transitions from enhancement to mitigation as the standoff distance increases, the charge mass decreases, or the liquid layer thickness increases. This transition was due to a better match between the energy absorption capacity of NMLS and the blast loading, leading to greater attenuation of the shock wave pressure after passing through the NMLS layer.

Key words: blast mitigation, nano-porous material liquid systems, energy absorption, finite element simulation

ZHU Wei, YAO Wenjin, HUANG Guangyan, LI Wenbin, WANG Xiaoming. Mitigation Effects of Nanoporous Material Liquid System on losed-field Blast Loading[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(10): 250468-.

Figures/Tables 37

Fig.1 The prepared NMLS sample

Fig.2 The steel chamber used for compressive testing

Fig.3 Plots of pressure versus volumetric strain for water and NMLS

Fig.4 Method of SHPB impact experiments

Fig.5 Pressure histories for the different samples

Table 1 Peak pressure and impulse of incident and transmitted waves

试样	入射波峰值/MPa	入射波冲量/ (kPa·s)	透射波峰值/MPa	透射波冲量/ (kPa·s)
去离子水	395	27.0	118	11.9
NMLS	391	27.2	49.7	7.7

Table 2 Energy of the stress waves for different samples

试样	入射波能量/J	反射波能量/J	透射波能量/J	试样及装置耗能/J
无试样	35.81	0.65	33.63	1.53
去离子水	34.08	28.76	3.33	1.99
NMLS	34.58	29.04	1.10	4.44

Fig.6 Dimensions and tensile fracture of the fiber sheet specimens

Fig.7 Plot of tensile stress versus strain of the UHMWPE fiber sheet

Fig.8 Polymer chamber for holding liquid

Fig.9 Explosion experiment set-up

Table 3 Specimen arrangement in the explosion experiments

结构名称	腔体内填充的物质	液体填充腔体总质量/g	纤维层数	纤维围栏质量/g
AF50	空气	88	50	254
WF50	去离子水	314	50	250
NF50	NMLS	290	50	257
AF65	空气	87	65	340
WF65	去离子水	305	65	350
NF65	NMLS	285	65	350
AF75	空气	88	75	401
WF75	去离子水	312	75	400
NF75	NMLS	292	75	395
AF100	空气	88	100	571
WF100	去离子水	315	100	565
NF100	NMLS	294	100	566

Fig.10 Deformation and damage of fiber shells after explosion

Fig.11 Dynamic response of fiber shellsin AF75, WF75, and NF75

Table 4 Intact layer number of fiber shells after explosion

总纤维层数	爆炸后完整纤维层数
总纤维层数	AF	WF	NF
50	0	0	0
65	0	0	0
75	0	0	0
100	11	11	27

Fig.12 Fiber fractures of fiber shells in AF65, WF65, and NF65

Fig.13 Fiber fractures of fiber shells in AF100, WF100, and NF100

Fig.14 Crack number of fiber shells in AF100, WF100, and NF100

Fig.15 2D axisymmetric numerical model

Fig.16 Influence of Eulerian element size on peak pressure at the center of the liquid

Table 5 Material properties for NMLS

参数	P-α状态方程
参数	初始密度ρ₀/ (g·cm^-3)	初始声速c₀/ (m·s^-1)	初始渗入压力 P₀/MPa	完全渗入压力 P_s/MPa	压实指数n
取值	1	1480	20	150	2
参数	Mie-Grüneisen状态方程^[23]
参数	参考密度ρ_s0/ (g·cm^-3)	参考声速c_s/ (m·s^-1)	Grüneisen 系数Γ₀	拟合系数 S₁	比热C_m/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)
取值	1.159	1483	0.28	1.75	4180

Fig.17 Influence of equation of state parameters for NMLS on the pressure history of the transmitted wave

Table 6 Material properties for air[24]

参数	密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	比热比 γ	参考温度 T₀/K	比热C_m/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)	比内能E₀/ (J·kg^-1)
取值	0.001225	1.4	288.2	717.6	206800

Table 7 Material properties for 8701 explosive[25]

参数	密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	爆速D/ (m·s^-1)	A/ GPa	B/ GPa	ω	R₁	R₂	爆轰能量密度e/ (kJ·m^-3)
取值	1.695	8425	852.4	18.02	0.38	4.6	1.35	8939430

Table 8 Material properties for fiber composite[26]

参数	密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	Grüneisen 系数Γ₀	声速c/ (m·s^-1)	拟合系数 S₁	比热C_m/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)	剪切模量 G/GPa
取值	0.98	1.64	3570	1.3	1850	2

Table 9 Numerical simulation scheme

工况代号	装药高度 h_e/mm	装药质量 m_e/g	纤维层内半径R_f/mm	液体层厚度 T_l/mm
E1R1T1	20	16.64	45	10
E1R2T1	20	16.64	80	10
E1R3T1	20	16.64	115	10
E1R4T1	20	16.64	130	10
E1R5T1	20	16.64	150	10
E2R2T1	30	24.96	80	10
E3R2T1	15	12.48	80	10
E4R2T1	10	8.32	80	10
E5R2T1	5	4.16	80	10
E1R2T2	20	16.64	80	5
E1R2T3	20	16.64	80	20
E1R2T4	20	16.64	80	30

Fig.18 Dynamic responses of AF, WF, and NF under internal blast loading in experimental case

Fig.19 Blast loading on inner wall of fiber shells in experimental case

Fig.20 Pressure characteristics in the liquids in experimental case

Fig.21 Dynamic responses of AF, WF, and NF under internal blast loading in case E1R4T1

Fig.22 Peak pressure and impulse distribution on the inner wall of the fiber shells of different inner radii

Fig.23 Influence of fiber inner radius on the blast loading exerted on the inner wall of the fiber shell

Fig.24 Peakpressure attenuation in the liquids under different inner-radius conditions

Fig.25 Influence of charge mass on the blast loading exerted on the inner wall of the fiber shell

Fig.26 Peak pressure attenuation in the liquids under different charge-mass conditions

Fig.27 Influence of liquid thickness on the blast loading exerted on the inner wall of the fiber shell

Fig.28 Peak pressure attenuation in the liquids of different thicknesses

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