Research on Work-hardening Behavior of Surface Layer of Spline during Cold Roll-beating

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2017.02.021

Abstract

Abstract: The work-hardening mechanism of surface layer of spline is analyzed based on the principle of cold-roll beating formation. The cold roll-beating formation is simulated, and the scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic examination and micro hardness test of spline test piece are conducted. The equivalent strain and temperature distribution during the forming process of cold roll-beating are obtained. The variations of grain, dislocation and hardness values at different positions of spline tooth along the direction of hardened layer depth are discussed, the relationships among grain size, dislocation density and hardness along the direction of layer depth are clarified, and the effect of cold roll-beating parameters on the degree of work hardening is revealed. The results show that work-hardening on surface layer of workpiece during high speed cold roll-beating is mainly affected by dislocation density. The hardening degree of pitch circle is maximal, the hardening degree of different positions of tooth profile increases with the increase in the feed rate of workpiece, but decreases with the increase in the rotational speed of roller. The research results provide a basis for revealing the work-hardening behavior of surface layer of spline of 1020 steel during cold roll-beating. Key

Key words: manufaturingtechnologyandequipment, coldroll-beating, surfacelayer, grain, dislocation, hardness

CLC Number:

TG335.12

CUI Feng-kui, LING Yuan-fei, XUE Jin-xue, LI Yu-xi, LI Yan, XIE Ke-ge. Research on Work-hardening Behavior of Surface Layer of Spline during Cold Roll-beating[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38(2): 358-366.

References

［1］刘志奇, 宋建丽, 李永堂, 等. 渐开线花键冷滚压精密成形工艺分析及试验研究［J］. 机械工程学报, 2011, 47(14): 32-38.
LIU Zhi-qi, SONG Jian-li, LI Yong-tang, et al. Analysis and experimental study on the precision cold rolling process of involute spline［J］. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2011, 47(14): 32-38. (in Chinese)
［2］杨建玺, 崔凤奎, 王晓强, 等. 冷滚轧滚轮设计理论及实验修正［J］. 中国机械工程, 2008, 19(4): 419-422.
YANG Jian-xi, CUI Feng-kui, WANG Xiao-qiang, et al. Design theory and experimental amends of involute spline roller［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2008, 19(4): 419-422. (in Chinese)
［3］崔凤奎, 李言, 周彦伟, 等. 渐开线花键滚轧CAD及磨削仿真［J］. 机械工程学报, 2005, 41(12): 210-215.
CUI Feng-kui, Li Yan, ZHOU Yan-wei, et al. CAD system of roller for involute spline and simulation of grinding process［J］. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2005, 41(12): 210-215. (in Chinese)
［4］崔凤奎, 李言, 周彦伟, 等. 渐开线花键轴冷滚轧工艺试验［J］. 农业机械学报, 2006, 37(12): 189-192.
CUI Feng-kui, LI Yan, ZHOU Yan-wei, et al. Technologic research on rolling involute spline axis［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 2006, 37(12): 189-192. (in Chinese)
［5］李玉玺, 李言, 杨明顺, 等. 40Cr高速冷滚打成形过程模拟分析［J］. 机械科学与技术, 2016, 35(4): 594-600.
LI Yu-xi, LI Yan, YANG Ming-shun, et al. Simulation analysis for high speed cold roll-beating forming process of 40Cr steel［J］. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2016, 35(4): 594-600. (in Chinese)
［6］ Kahn-Jetter Z L, Wright S. Finite element analysis of an involute spline［J］. Journal of Mechanical Design, 2000, 122(2):239-244.
［7］ Lange K. Modern metal forming technology for industrial production［J］. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1997, 71(1):2-13.
［8］马群, 李言, 杨明顺, 等. 连续分度冷滚打机床滚打头结构改进［J］. 兵工学报, 2015, 36(8): 1587-1593.
MA Qun, LI Yan, YANG Ming-shun, et. al. Structure improvement of roll-beating head for continuous indexing cold roll-beating machine［J］. Acta Armamentarii, 2015, 36(8): 1587-1593. (in Chinese)
［9］张璐, 杨明顺, 李言, 等. 高速冷打过程变形力解析方法及其修正［J］. 塑性工程学报, 2011, 18(5): 1-7.
ZHANG Lu, YANG Ming-shun, LI Yan, et. al. Analytic method and its modification for deformation force of high-speed cold roll-beating forming［J］. Journal of Plasticity Engineering, 2011, 18(5): 1-7. (in Chinese)

［10］全建辉, 崔凤奎, 杨建玺, 等. 基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的花键冷滚轧成形数值模拟［J］. 中国机械工程, 2008, 19(5): 419-427.
QUAN Jian-hui, CUI Feng-kui, YANG Jian-xi, et al. Numerical simulation of involute spline shaft's cold rolling forming based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2008, 19(5): 419-427. (in Chinese)
［11］王晓强, 崔凤奎, 燕根鹏, 等. 40Cr冷滚打成形中位错密度变化研究［J］. 中国机械工程, 2013, 24(16): 2248-2252.
WANG Xiao-qiang, CUI Feng-kui, YAN Gen-peng, et al. Study on dislocation density change during cold roll-beating of 40 Cr［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 24(16): 2248-2252. (in Chinese)
［12］梁小明, 李言, 杨明顺, 等. 冷滚打成形件表面鳞纹表征参数的解析及修正研究［J］. 机械科学与技术, 2016, 35(4): 606-613.
LIANG Xiao-ming, LI Yan, YANG Ming-shun, et al. Analysis and modification on characterization parameter of surface scale-texture for cold roll-beating forming parts［J］. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2016, 35(4): 606-613. (in Chinese)
［13］ Johnson G R, Cook W H. Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures and pressures［J］. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1985, 21(1):31-48.
［14］ Conrad H, Jung K. Effect of grain size from mm to nm on the flow stress and plastic deformation kinetics of Au at low homologous temperatures［J］. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2005, 406(1):78-85.
［15］ Chia K H, Kang J, Conrad H. Dislocation density model for the effect of grain size on the flow stress of a Ti-15.2 at.% Mo β-alloy at 4.2-650 K［J］. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2005, 409(1/2):32-38.

第38卷第2期2017 年2月兵工学报ACTA
ARMAMENTARIIVol.38No.2Feb.2017

[1]	DU Kai, JIAO Li, YAN Pei, YU Jianhang, WANG Yubin, QIU Tianyang, WANG Xibin. Study of the Hard Turning Processability of Hardened Ultra-high Strength Steel 45CrNiMoVA [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(3): 773-782.
[2]	WANG Jirui, WANG Chengxin, WANG Yini, TANG Kui, BO Qile. Equivalent Strength of Armour Steel against High-velocity Penetration of Long-rod Projectile [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3755-3770.
[3]	LIU Wenyi, CHEN Fulong, WANG Yaoqi, QU Haitao, HAN Yujie. Effect of Thermal Conditions on Properties of 7B04 Aluminum Alloy [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(S2): 178-182.
[4]	LIU Yuhang, HUANG Guangyan, ZHANG Hong, ZHOU Hongyuan. Stabbing Resistance Mechanism of High-performance Composite Fabrics [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(9): 2143-2151.
[5]	WANG Shushan, ZHAO Chuan, SUN Yuhui, LIU Dongqi, ZHANG Xuejun, WANG Guangzhi. Principle and Method of Enhancing Grenade Power by Changing the Steel Material [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(9): 2291-2299.
[6]	ZHANG Zhendong， GAO Yuan， MA Dawei， ZHU Zhongling， WANG Xi. Simulation of the Dynamic Response of Cement Concrete Pavement under Multiple Cold Launch Loads [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(7): 1706-1717.
[7]	SHEN Hao, CAI Jie, L Peng, ZHANG Conglin, LI Yuxin, GUAN Qingfeng. Effect of Laser Process Parameters on Microstructures and Properties of NiCoCrAlYSi Laser Cladding Coating [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(7): 1524-1534.
[8]	DING Kai, WANG Xinjie, HUANG Hengjian, WU Yanqing, HUANG Fenglei. Numerical Calculation of Thermodynamic Response of Shocked HMX Single Crystal at Elevated Temperatures [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(5): 968-978.
[9]	NIE Jinhao， YANG Yixin， LI Yuxin， ZHANG Hongjian， WEI Shouzheng， CAI Jie， GUAN Qingfeng. Effect of Laser Energy Density on Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladding NiCoCrAlY Coating [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(5): 1083-1091.
[10]	LI Xingshan， L Yushan， WANG Yuchen. The Strategy of Grinding Dimpled Surface for Reducing Friction Force by Grinding Wheel with Ordered Abrasive Grain Clusters [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(3): 633-639.
[11]	LI Yangtian， LI Haibin， WEI Guangmei， WENG Jiexin. Uncertainty Quantification Analysis of Solid Rocket Motor Grain Ignition at Low Temperature Based on Improved PolynomialChaos Expansion [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2020, 41(1): 40-48.
[12]	LI Long， LI Yan， YANG Mingshun， CHEN Xin， LI Jiawei. Influences of Cold Roll-beating Forming Parameters on Forming Force and Metal Deformation [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(2): 420-429.
[13]	CUI Feng-kui , SU Yong-xiang , XIE Ke-ge, DING Ze-han, LI Yu-xi, LI Yan, LI Chun-mei. Research on Distribution Law of Residual Stress in Surface Layer of Cold Roll-beating Spline [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018, 39(5): 1022-1032.
[14]	SONG Peng-fei, DONG Xin-long, FU Ying-qian, SUO Tao. Experimental Research on Dynamic Shear Behavior of Ultrafine-grained Copper Prepared by Equal Channel Angular Pressing [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018, 39(4): 763-771.
[15]	JIN Dan， ZHANG Jiang-yu， LI Jiang-hua. Dynamic Strain Aging of 316L Stainless Steel under Circular Loading [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018, 39(3): 584-589.