Numerical Simulation of the Behind-Target Overpressure Effect from Reactive Fragments Penetrating Thin Plates

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0429

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to their pronounced post-penetration damage effects, the reaction behavior and overpressure effects of reactive fragments following penetration have garnered significant attention. This study conducts a numerical simulation of the overpressure effects resulting from the penetration of thin plate targets by reactive fragments. By integrating smoothed particle hydrodynamics, finite element method, finite volume method, and an energy release model for reactive fragments, a numerical simulation approach for analyzing the overpressure effects post-penetration is proposed. The overpressure distribution characteristics and the variation of peak overpressure with penetration velocity are determined for φ10×10mm Al/W/PTFE reactive fragments penetrating a 3mm target plate at velocities ranging from 700m/s to 1100m/s. The results indicate that the evolution of overpressure distribution inside the sealed air tank is correlated with the dispersion of energetic fragments. As the penetration velocity increases, high-pressure regions change from sparse to dense, with a significant pressure rise, reaching a transient peak of 1753.9kPa at 1000m/s. With further velocity increase, the overpressure begins to decline but at a slower rate. This study reveals the overpressure effects of energy release at different velocities, providing valuable references and numerical methods for warhead design and damage assessment.

Key words: reactive fragments, energy release model, penetration process, fluid-structure interaction algorithm, simulation modeling

ZHAO Linmiao, LI Jianqiao, ZHANG Lizhong, ZHAO Shiheng. Numerical Simulation of the Behind-Target Overpressure Effect from Reactive Fragments Penetrating Thin Plates[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(10): 250429-.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of SPH-FEM co-node binding

Fig.2 SPH-FEM coupling calculation flowchart

Fig.3 Curve of reactivity vs. impact temperature

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of the simulation model

Table 1 Parameters of the Gruneisen equation of state forreactive fragments

ρ₀/(kg·m^-3)	c/(m·s^-1)	γ	α	S₁	S₂	S₃
4790.0	3580.0	1.49	0	1.41	0	0

Table 2 Constitutive parameters ofreactive fragments Johnson-Cook

A/MPa	B/MPa	c	T_m/K	m	n
27.13	224.51	0.032	2462	0.468	1.25

Fig.5 The fragments penetrate the energy release overpressure process

Fig.6 Overpressure distribution diagram at a penetration velocity of 800m/s

Fig.7 Overpressure distribution diagram at a penetration velocity of 900m/s

Fig.8 Overpressure distribution diagram at a penetration velocity of 1000m/s

Fig.9 Diagram of pressure extraction location for a sealed air tank

Fig.10 Pressure-Time curve of reactive fragment penetration at velocities in the 700~1100m/s range 00m/s

Table 3 Peak overpressure behind the target plate for reactive fragment penetration at different velocities

侵彻速度/(m·s^-1)	峰值压力/kPa	峰值超压/kPa
700	217.9	116.6
800	241.3	140.0
900	402.7	301.4
1000	1753.9	1652.6
1100	1662.9	1561.6

Fig.11 Variation of peak overpressure with different penetration velocities

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