Energy Dissipation Mechanism of Fragments Subjected to the Strength-toughness Synergy of Shell Materials

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0093

Abstract

Abstract:

The operational safety and catalytic efficiency of hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shells,as critical tools for weather modification,are directly affected by the fragmentation characteristics formed after self-destruction.This paper investigates the mechanism of shell material mechanical properties effecting on fragment formation through experiments,theories and numerical simulations.The differences in fragment mass distribution,morphological characteristics and energy dissipation among S20 steel,9260 steel,D60 steel,and 823 steel are analyzed.The results reveal that the strength-toughness synergy of shell materials plays a decisive role in fracture patterns.High-strength materials (e.g.,9260 steel) generate uniform fine fragments (>60% of 1-5g fragments) but exhibit localized energy concentration due to insufficient toughness.Low-strength high-toughness materials (e.g.,D60 steel) produce irregular agglomerated fragments (32% of more than 10g fragments) due to significant plastic deformation.In contrast,823 steel demonstrates optimal brittle-ductile fracture coordination under explosive loading due to its unique mechanical properties (1000-1200MPa tensile strength and 40-60 J impact toughness),with 85% of less than 5g fragments and over 90% of ≤10g fine fragments,which fully complies with national safety standards (Class B,≤10g) and significantly reduces ground safety risks.The research provides theoretical guidance for optimizing the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell materials and holds substantial engineering value for enhancing the weather modification safety.

Key words: hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell, mechanical property of shell material, fragmentation energy dissipation, strength-toughness synergy, explosion dynamics

CLC Number:

TJ410.3

GUO Dongyang, ZHAO Dongzhi, LIU De, ZHANG Shutong, GAO Muzhu, ZHAO Shuang. Energy Dissipation Mechanism of Fragments Subjected to the Strength-toughness Synergy of Shell Materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(11): 250093-.

Figures/Tables 12

References 24

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等级	质量范围/g	地面伤害概率/%	典型风险场景
A级	0~5	<5	轻微表皮擦伤
B级	5~10	5~15	可穿透衣物致皮下损伤
C级	10~14	>30	造成骨折或器官损伤

等级	质量范围/g	地面伤害概率/%	典型风险场景
A级	0~5	<5	轻微表皮擦伤
B级	5~10	5~15	可穿透衣物致皮下损伤
C级	10~14	>30	造成骨折或器官损伤

质量	理论百分比/%	仿真百分比/%	试验回收百分比/%
0~10	68.57	70.22	70.13
10~20	13.01	15.15	14.94

质量	理论百分比/%	仿真百分比/%	试验回收百分比/%
0~10	68.57	70.22	70.13
10~20	13.01	15.15	14.94

材料	抗剪强度/MPa	屈服强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	冲击韧性/ (J·cm^-3)	延伸率/%	脆-韧平衡/ (MPa·J^1/2)
S20钢	246~328	245	400~500	80	25	2.1×10⁴
9260钢	415~500	1200~ 1300	1275~ 1373	75	11~22	1.1×10⁵
D60钢	300~400	350~450	470~550	50	20	2.5×10⁴
823钢	350~450	800~ 1000	1000~ 1200	60	15	6.4×10⁴